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1.
成生于冰碛扇内，经一定的生物、物理、化学成矿作用，以砂金形态分布而富集成矿的金矿称为冰碛扇型砂金矿床。它具有沿造山带一定标高范围成群、成带分布，沉积物为近源且半胶结，砂金呈面状分布，并以粒金、块金为主，具胶状、浑圆状、包块状构造形态，分布极不均匀等特征。冰碛扇型砂金矿床的成矿作用与河成砂金矿床有本质的区别。它的成矿作用模式是：造山带下地壳富含的活化金通过新构造运动活化的断裂运移地表，经地下流体和地表流体的迁移聚集到冰碛扇这一封闭稳定的生物、物理、化学障环境中，主要经高效聚金微生物有机胶体成矿作用沉淀、再生加大形成砂金，逐步富集成矿床。而红色磨拉石建造中风化离解的Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ物质对沉淀环境ｐＨ值起着一定的调节作用。冰碛扇型砂金矿床在我国西部造山带内广泛分布，具有一定的工业价值，是砂金矿床中一重要类型，应予以重视 相似文献
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Martin Hassellv 《Marine Chemistry》2005,94(1-4):111
A new method for the characterization of chromophoric colloidal organic matter in seawater has been applied to samples from the Baltic Sea, Kattegatt and Skagerrak seas. Size fractionation of the sample by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and measurement of the fluorescent and UV absorbing properties of the individual size fractions result in a relative molar mass distribution (RMM) of the optical properties. The RMM distributions have been used to estimate number and weight average relative molar masses, and polydispersity indices. At least two sources of coloured organic matter were identified from the ratio of fluorescence to UV: the Baltic surface water and the Skagerrak deep water. The dominating processes were mixing and dilution, but processes such as photo bleaching of fluorescence are also believed to be important. The RMM distribution derived from UV detection (1150–1300 Dalton) increased with increasing salinity while that derived for fluorescence (1500–1250 Dalton) decreased with increasing salinity. The specific UV absorbance taken as a proxy of the aromaticity of the chromophoric organic material showed decreasing trend with both increasing salinity and increasing UV derived weight average relative molar mass. Increasing polydispersity of the colloidal material was also observed as a function of salinity. 相似文献
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Initial coagulation rates of colloidal hematite (-Fe2O3) particles (diameter less than 0.1 µm) were measured experimentally in well-defined laboratory systems at constant temperature. The relative stability ratio,W, was obtained at various ionic strengths in NaCl medium and at pH values in the range from 3 to 12. ExperimentalW values ranged from 1 to 104 in various systems. The results delineate the roles ofspecific andgeneralized coagulation mechanisms for iron oxides. Among the specifically-interacting species (G
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) studied were phosphate, monomeric organic acids of various structures, and polymeric organic acids. The critical coagulation-restabilization concentrations of specifically-interacting anions (from 10–7 to 10–4 molar) can be compared with the general effects of non-specific electrolyte coagulants (10–3 to 10–1 molar). The laboratory results are interpreted with the help of a Surface Complex Formation/Diffuse Layer Model (SCF/DLM) which describes variations of interfacial charge and potential resulting from variations of coagulating species in solution. Comparison of these laboratory experiments with observations on iron behavior in estuarine and lake waters aids in understanding iron removal mechanisms and coagulation time scales in natural systems. 相似文献
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The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information. 相似文献
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Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems. 相似文献
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报道一种合成２,２－二甲基－４－戊烯酸的新方法。由异丁醛与烯丙醇缩合得到２,２－二甲基－４－戊烯醛,后者经氧化银选择氧化生成２,２－二甲基－４－戊烯酸。此法氧化产率（９６％）高于分子氧氧化法（６１％）和歧化法（４１％）。反应中析出的金属银能定量回收,循环使用。 相似文献
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由于海水中富集大量可溶性盐类及各种金属离子成分,利用海水配置的海水泥浆具有相对密度大、胶体率低、稳定性差、失水量高等特点,不能满足泥水平衡盾构施工要求。为实现对海水泥浆改性以达到利用海水泥浆维持开挖面稳定,降低穿江越海盾构施工成本,选用CMC（羧甲基纤维素钠）、纤维素PAC（聚阴离子纤维素）、聚丙烯酸铵等8种添加剂进行海水泥浆性质变化试验,优选出对海水泥浆改性明显的添加剂,并分析优选添加剂掺入量和时间对海水泥浆性质的影响规律。同时,基于优选的添加剂CMC,利用泥膜形成试验平台进行改性海水泥浆地层渗透试验。研究表明：不同添加剂对海水泥浆性质变化差异较大,增黏剂PAC、CMC对海水泥浆的改性效果稍好,24 h离析出现浑浊层、混合层、絮凝沉淀层。海水泥浆对地层渗透的滤水量大于改性海水泥浆,泥皮也稍厚,但呈稀疏状态。可以推测,添加剂中和部分海水成分,呈絮凝沉淀,多余添加剂表现出对淡水泥浆的增稠作用。 相似文献
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溶解性有机质(DOM)广泛存在于多种水环境介质,其光降解过程显著影响水体污染物的化学形态及生态风险.本文以典型陆源天然有机质(NOM)和藻源有机质(AlgOM)为研究对象,采用切向超过滤技术将初始DOM样品(Bulk,0.45μm)分为高分子量(HMW, 1 kDa～0.45μm)和低分子量(LMW,1 kDa)组分,研究胶体TiO2颗粒存在下不同分子量有机组分的光降解行为差异.表征结果表明,DOM样品的有机质均相对较多地分布在LMW组分中(55.3%～57.8%),但HMW的芳香性比LMW组分高;三维光谱结果表明AlgOM富含类蛋白和类腐殖物质,而NOM只含类腐殖物质;进一步分析发现类蛋白物质主要分布于HMW组分,类腐殖物质则主要分布于LMW组分.胶体颗粒的存在通过吸附作用抑制AlgOM中有机质及芳香性物质的光降解,而通过催化作用促进NOM中有机质及芳香性物质的光降解.胶体颗粒不改变不同分子量DOM中有机质的光降解效率顺序,均为HMWBulkLMW,说明HMW有机质更易光降解.但无胶体颗粒时AlgOM和NOM芳香物质的光降解效率为LMWBulkHMW,且胶体颗粒的存在改变不同分子量NOM芳香性物质的光降解顺序.另外,无胶体颗粒存在时陆源类腐殖物质比藻源类腐殖物质更易光降解,而胶体颗粒的存在均可促进藻源和陆源类腐殖质物质光降解;相比于HMW类腐殖质,LMW类腐殖物质具有较高的光敏性和优先降解特性. 相似文献
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设计了一种胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 采用恒温快速蒸发法直接在经切割刀处理后的光纤端面生长胶体晶体,再与另一根切割后的光纤在毛细玻璃管中完成对接,制备成胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 用扫描电子显微镜和光谱分析仪对样品的形貌、结构以及光学特性进行分析. 实验结果表明,粒径为640 nm、体积分数约为0.5%的SiO2胶体微球溶液在60 ℃的情况下沉积,大约12 h后可得到质量较高的胶体光子晶体. 在SEM下,观察到端面的胶体晶体为面心立方(fcc)结构. 透射光谱证明,该结构在(111)面上 相似文献