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1.
Johanna A. A. Bos Sjoerd J. P. Bohncke C. Roel Janssen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(2):211-238
Late glacial changes in the vegetation were studied in and around a former lake on the southeastern side of a coversand ridge near Milheeze (southern Netherlands). Analyses of microfossils and macroremains and AMS 14C dating were performed on four sediment cores along a transect from sand ridge to the lake centre. Small-scale vegetation patterns and lake-level fluctuations were reconstructed in detail based on the information provided by the transect. For the first time in The Netherlands, cores along a transect within one lake were used to reconstruct the amplitude of late glacial lake-level fluctuations. Near Milheeze, a small and shallow lake was formed during the Bølling. The large increase in the water level during the Bølling and early Allerød, and the transition to more eutrophic conditions at the start of the Allerød, were probably related to the disappearance of permafrost. During the Allerød, open birch and pine woodlands developed in the area. In the lake, organic deposits accumulated, and the lake size and depth fluctuated. At the start of the Younger Dryas, higher lake water levels were recorded and woodlands became more open as a result of both a drop in the temperature and an increase in the effective precipitation. During the late Younger Dryas the lake water level dropped as the climate became drier and temperatures slightly increased. Accumulation of organic deposits in the lake ceased at the end of the Younger Dryas, which was caused by a drop in the water level in combination with the hydroseral succession process within the lake itself. The climatic signal reflected in the late glacial flora and lake-level fluctuations agree well with other published data from The Netherlands. 相似文献
2.
中国东北样带NDVI的季节变化及其与气候因子的关系 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
NDVI是研究大尺度生态学问题一个非常有用的指数,它可以为估价全球植被动态模型提供足够的信息.中国东北样带是全球变化研究中首选样带之一,本文分析了分辨率为1km×1km的NDVI年内季节变化的两个特征值:年均NDVI(NDVI-I)和NDVI年内极差(NDVI-MM)在样带内5种不同植被类型间的变化及其与年平均气温和降水量之间的相关关系.结果表明,NDVI具有明显的季节变化格局,NDVI-I和NDVI-MM由东到西均呈下降趋势,NDVI-I与降水量具有显著的线性回归关系,降水量能够解释NDVI-I和NDVI-MM空间变异的绝大部分.这一结果说明NDVI反映了植被沿环境梯度的时空变化格局,可用于监测样带植被对气候变化的响应. 相似文献
3.
3维GIS面向对象数据模型的研究与应用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
3维数据模型是3维GIS研究中亟待解决的一个核心问题。在充分分析现有3维数据模型的基础上，从实际应用出发，针对传统模型的不足，提出1种3维GIS面向对象数据模型，以解决空间不规则实体本身，以及实体间复杂关系的描述、表达和组织等关键问题，并给出此模型应用实例，证明此模型的可行性和实用性。 相似文献
4.
全球变化陆地样带研究及其进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
对IGBP中的研究热点——全球变化陆地样带研究——作了较为详细的综述。分析了IGBP样带兴起的原因,在全球的分布以及各条样带的主要研究任务,特别对于美国俄勒冈样带(OTIER)和中国东北温带样带(NECT)作了详细的论述。美国OTTER项目的完成,表明即使是ROREST-BGC这样需要众多环境变量的机理性模型,其所需的大部分变量可以用遥感手段获得,从而为机理性模型斑块推向区域、保证其模拟精度,并使其具有良好的操作性提供了途径,对于以后的样带研究有良好的启发性。中国NECT已经进入实质性研究阶段,对于生态脆弱地区的判定,空间仿真模型的建立以及从NDVI推导参数都取得了较大进展。 相似文献
5.
天山起源于古生代的陆-陆碰撞作用,又经历了中新生代的典型陆内造山过程,其深浅构造结构和活动性一直是众多学者关注的热点。文中通过多种地球物理探测和综合地质构造分析, 以地学断面形式对其深浅构造进行填图,揭示了天山中段复杂的深浅构造特色。结果表明:沿古生代的陆-陆碰撞缝合带两侧分别呈现出主要构造地质单元由老到新的对称性,并伴有相应深部结构的复杂性,反映了碰撞过程及后期的构造演化特点;天山中部的上地幔顶部存在厚近 10km、宽近 200km、几乎涵盖整个天山的低速高导层,可能是中新生代以来天山的陆内再造山作用引起的壳幔拆沉作用形成的残留下地壳 相似文献
6.
Latitudinal variation of leaf morphological traits from species to communities along a forest transect in eastern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Comprehensive information on geographic patterns of leaf morphological traits in Chinese forests is still scarce. To explore the spatial patterns of leaf traits, we investigated leaf area (LA), leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) across 847 species from nine typical forests along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) between July and August 2013, and also calculated the community weighted means (CWM) of leaf traits by determining the relative dominance of each species. Our results showed that, for all species, the means (± SE) of LA, LT, SLA, and LDMC were 2860.01 ± 135.37 mm2, 0.17 ± 0.003 mm, 20.15 ± 0.43 m2 kg–1, and 316.73 ± 3.81 mg g–1, respectively. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in leaf traits differed at the species and community levels. Generally, at the species level, SLA increased and LDMC decreased as latitude increased, whereas no clear latitudinal trends among LA or LT were found, which could be the result of shifts in plant functional types. When scaling up to the community level, more significant spatial patterns of leaf traits were observed (R 2 = 0.46–0.71), driven by climate and soil N content. These results provided synthetic data compilation and analyses to better parameterize complex ecological models in the future, and emphasized the importance of scaling-up when studying the biogeographic patterns of plant traits. 相似文献
7.
Compositions of picroilmenite and pyrope concentrates from Carboniferous sandstones in the Arkhangelsk kimberlite province were analyzed by EPMA and LAM ICP MS in Analytic Center of V.S. Sobolev’s Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SD RAS, Novosibirsk. The results from single grain thermobarometry (Ashchepkov et al., 2010, Ashchepkov et al., 2011, Ashchepkov et al., 2012) for garnet, spinel, ilmenite and clinopyroxene suggest heating of the base of the lithospheric mantle to 1400 °C (45 mw/m2) at 7.0–7.5 GPa and to 900 °C (35 mw/m2) at 3.5–5.5 GPa in an interval corresponding to a lens enriched in chromite and clinopyroxene. The pipes from the eastern fields reveal smoother mantle geotherms and lower temperature PT paths. Mantle columns beneath the kimberlites from northern (Verkhotinskoe field) and western pipes (Kepinskoe field) show heating from the lithosphere base to 5.0 GPa and stepped PT paths shown by chromites probably due to interaction with magmas which caused local Ti-enrichment near 3.0 and 5.5 GPa. The PT paths in the mantle columns beneath the alnöite pipes reveal higher temperature and relatively shallow PT conditions with two major clusters around 3.0 and 5.0 GPa. Trace element patterns for garnets vary from S-type typical of harzburgites to those with a hump in MREE (middle REE) typical for pyroxenites. Lherzolitic garnets with sinusoidal decrease of LREE show distinctive HFSE enrichment. Trace element ratios (Sm/Er)n and (La/Yb)n of garnets correlate positively with pressures estimates by single grain thermobarometry (Ashchepkov et al., 2010, Ashchepkov et al., 2011, Ashchepkov et al., 2012) but only poorly with Cr2O3 content. Enrichment in HFSE of all garnets is related to metasomatism that accompanied the picroilmenite-forming event.Ilmenites reveal two compositional trends. One corresponds to fractionation within conduits at the lower mantle (6.0–7.0 GPa) without contamination. A second trend at <6.0 GPa, formed due to assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC), is characterized by Fe and Cr increase with decreasing pressure. Similar trace element patterns of the various in HREE in ilmenites, possibly partly due to garnet assimilation from wall rock peridotites. The PT conditions and geochemistry for the minerals from the Carboniferous sediments are similar to those from the Lomonosovskoe deposit and Arkhangelskaya pipe (Lehtonen et al., 2009). 相似文献
8.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CONDUCTIVITY STRUCTURE OF THE CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE: THIRD REPORT ON THE GEOSCIENCE TRANSECT FROM XIANGSHUI, JIANGSU, TO MANDAL, NEI MONGOL 
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下载免费PDF全文 The features of deep conductivity structure along Xiangshui-Mandal Geoscience Transect are described in this paper basing on newly obtained magnetotelluric data. Large resistivity contrasts can be found on both borders of North China platform. The depth of the crustal high conductivity layer changes abruptly from 21 km to 34 km beneath Nei Mongol fold system on the northwestern end of the transect. While it is absent beneath Subei-Jiaonan terrane on the southeastern end of the transect 相似文献
9.
Geostatistical interpolation of object counts collected from multiple strip transects: Ordinary kriging versus finite domain kriging 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hirotaka Saito Sean A. McKenna D. A. Zimmerman Timothy C. Coburn 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(1):71-85
Data collected along transects are becoming more common in environmental studies as indirect measurement devices, such as geophysical sensors, that can be attached to mobile platforms become more prevalent. Because exhaustive sampling is not always possible under constraints of time and costs, geostatistical interpolation techniques are used to estimate unknown values at unsampled locations from transect data. It is known that outlying observations can receive significantly greater ordinary kriging weights than centrally located observations when the data are contiguously aligned along a transect within a finite search window. Deutsch (1994) proposed a kriging algorithm, finite domain kriging, that uses a redundancy measure in place of the covariance function in the data-to-data kriging matrix to address the problem of overweighting the outlying observations. This paper compares the performances of two kriging techniques, ordinary kriging (OK) and finite domain kriging (FDK), on examining unexploded ordnance (UXO) densities by comparing prediction errors at unsampled locations. The impact of sampling design on object count prediction is also investigated using data collected from transects and at random locations. The Poisson process is used to model the spatial distribution of UXO for three 5000 × 5000 m fields; one of which does not have any ordnance target (homogeneous field), while the other two sites have an ordnance target in the center of the site (isotropic and anisotropic fields). In general, for a given sampling transects width, the differences between OK and FDK in terms of the mean error and the mean square error are not significant regardless of the sampled area and the choice of the field. When 20% or more of the site is sampled, the estimation of object counts is unbiased on average for all three fields regardless of the choice of the transect width and the choice of the kriging algorithm. However, for non-homogeneous fields (isotropic and anisotropic fields), the mean error fluctuates considerably when a small number of transects are sampled. The difference between the transect sampling and the random sampling in terms of prediction errors becomes almost negligible if more than 20% of the site is sampled. Overall, FDK is no better than OK in terms of the prediction performances when the transect sampling procedure is used. 相似文献
10.
全球变化与中国东北样带(NECT) 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
全球变化陆地样带是从机理上理解陆地生态系统对全球变化的响应 ,预测全球变化对陆地生态系统的可能影响 ,实现预警、调节和减小全球变化不良影响 ,科学地规划和管理陆地生态系统的有效研究平台。在介绍国际全球变化陆地样带提出的背景与选定标准、中国东北样带的位置与特征的基础上 ,较系统地总结了近年来中国东北样带的研究进展 :建立了用于模型发展和比较的不同时间和空间尺度的中国东北样带数据集 ,从机理上初步探讨了全球变化对于森林、草甸草原和典型草原的可能影响 ,发展了用于古植被气候重建的植物种与表土花粉类型的定量关系模型、多尺度耦合的羊草草原生态系统动态模型和基于林窗原理的森林生态系统动态模型 ,并对全球变化对中国东北样带的影响进行了初步评估 ,进而针对我国作为发展中国家 ,财力有限的特点 ,提出未来中国东北样带研究拟充分利用我国特殊的生态环境与区域特色 ,围绕“生态过程与生态安全及其对全球变化的响应与反馈”这一关键科学问题 ,做出一些在国际上既有显示度 ,又服务于我国社会经济可持续发展的研究成果。 相似文献