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1.
Large scale geomechanical simulations are being increasingly used to model the compaction of stress dependent reservoirs, predict the long term integrity of under‐ground radioactive waste disposals, and analyse the viability of hot‐dry rock geothermal sites. These large scale simulations require the definition of homogenous mechanical properties for each geomechanical cell whereas the rock properties are expected to vary at a smaller scale. Therefore, this paper proposes a new methodology that makes possible to define the equivalent mechanical properties of the geomechanical cells using the fine scale information given in the geological model. This methodology is implemented on a synthetic reservoir case and two upscaling procedures providing the effective elastic properties of the Hooke's law are tested. The first upscaling procedure is an analytical method for perfectly stratified rock mass, whereas the second procedure computes lower and upper bounds of the equivalent properties with no assumption on the small scale heterogeneity distribution. Both procedures are applied to one geomechanical cell extracted from the reservoir structure. The results show that the analytical and numerical upscaling procedures provide accurate estimations of the effective parameters. Furthermore, a large scale simulation using the homogenized properties of each geomechanical cell calculated with the analytical method demonstrates that the overall behaviour of the reservoir structure is well reproduced for two different loading cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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分层流体中内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上透射和反射 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用边缘层理论研究了两层流体系统中内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上的透射和反射问题,提出了非线性演化方程的“初值”条件,分析了内孤立波与薄板非线性相互作用的效应。研究表明:流体层的密度比以及薄板伸入上下层的深度对于反射和透射波结构具有显著的影响,薄板伸入下层越深、密度差越小,则薄板阻碍孤立波透射的效率越高;透射波通常演化为单峰孤立波和迅速衰减的尾波,反射波演化为缓慢衰减的尾波列;对于具有小密度差的跃层结构,内孤立波在潜浮式竖直薄板上的透射及其演化近乎是无障碍的。 相似文献
4.
徐肇廷 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(3)
本文从流体力学基本方程组出发,在非地转条件下导得了分层海洋的内孤立波方程—Kbv和mKdv方程,证实了在非地转条件下,一类海洋非线性波动是可以严格满足内孤立波方程的。在地转条件下采用f平面近似导出了KdV方程的演化形式一有源KdV方程,地转的影响含于源项中。由初步的分析得出,f对KdV方程的影响是微弱的。由已得的KdV和mKdV方程的解可知,内孤立波与线性波有着本质差别。 相似文献
5.
A preliminary theoretical and experimental study was conducted on internal wave modes and their weak nonlinear resonant interaction
in a nonlinearly stratified fluid. An asymptotical solution of the modes and a dispersion relation of internal waves in a
stratified fluid with density profile
similar to that in our experiment were obtained theoretically. The resonant-interaction mechanism to 2nd order approximation
is also discussed. The resonant interaction of the 3rd and 4th mode internal waves excited by the unstable 1st mode wave is
analyzed on the basis of data obtained by conductivity probes. The resonant-interaction condition, i.e.,
,k
1+k
3+k
4=0, is examined. It is shown that the resonant instability increases with pycnocline thickness and wave maker driving frequency.
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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静力触探中土层界面效应试验研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
根据成层土模型试验结果,对静力触探中土层面效应进行试验研究和机理分析,取得了成层土界面效应的规律性,为利用静力触探划分土层提供了理论和实践依据。 相似文献
8.
Axel K Schmitt Jan M Lindsay Shan de Silva Robert B Trumbull 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(1-2):43-53
High spatial resolution U–Pb dates of zircons from two consanguineous ignimbrites of contrasting composition, the high-silica rhyolitic Toconao and the overlying dacitic Atana ignimbrites, erupted from La Pacana caldera, north Chile, are presented in this study. Zircons from Atana and Toconao pumice clasts yield apparent 238U/206Pb ages of 4.11±0.20 Ma and 4.65±0.13 Ma (2σ), respectively. These data combined with previously published geochemical and stratigraphic data, reveal that the two ignimbrites were erupted from a stratified magma chamber. The Atana zircon U–Pb ages closely agree with the eruption age of Atana previously determined by K–Ar dating (4.0±0.1 Ma) and do not support long (>1 Ma) residence times. Xenocrystic zircons were found only in the Toconao bulk ignimbrite, which were probably entrained during eruption and transport. Apparent 238U/206Pb zircon ages of 13 Ma in these xenocrysts provide the first evidence that the onset of felsic magmatism within the Altiplano–Puna ignimbrite province occurred approximately 3 Myr earlier than previously documented. 相似文献
9.
百花湖是一个具有季节性分层的富营养小型湖泊,在秋季湖水倒转期经常发生水质恶化事件,碳氮循环出现异常。文章研究特选择在秋初,湖泊分层开始消失时,测定了湖水中不同深度的N2O,CH4,CO2,有机和无机碳同位素以及其他化学参数变化。结果发现:采样时百花湖在约6m和16m深度附近出现了两个温度不连续层(SDL和PDL),并影响到有机颗粒的沉降和分解。相对而言,有较多的有机质在这两个层内发生降解,但降解的途径有所不同,上部主要是有氧降解,下部则主要是无氧降解过程。N2O的产生和消耗与有机质的降解过程完全对应:PDL层以上,ΔN2O与AOU的线性关系反映了N2O主要形成于硝化作用;PDL层以下反硝化作用导致N2O严重不饱和;PDL内位于硝化作用和反硝化作用过渡带的N2O峰,显然是硝化与反硝化联合作用的结果。PDL层内较大的CH4浓度变化梯度,说明嗜甲烷细菌可能通过氧化NH+4贡献了部分N2O。百花湖秋、冬季表层湖水N2O都是过饱和的,都是大气N2O的源,依据分子扩散模型计算湖泊N2O的释放通量在12~14μmol/m·day之间,秋、冬季没有明显的差别。秋季底层湖水的反硝化作用是湖泊N2O的汇,其消耗通量与表层的释放通量基本相当。 相似文献
10.
Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers
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Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献