Regional disparity in the changes of agricultura land use intensity in China during 1980-2002     

LIU Chengwu LI Xiubin 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(3):286-292

Based on the cost-benefit data （1980-2002） of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980-2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that： （1） The degree of intensity of land use in the westena region during 1980-2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. （2） The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. （3） The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process： down （1980-1985）-up （1985-1991）-down （1991-1994）-up （1994-1999）-down （1999-2002）. However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. （4） The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992-1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998-2002 in the central region.  相似文献   

Reevaluating suitability estimates based on dynamics of cropland expansion in the Brazilian Amazon     

《Global Environmental Change》2016

Agricultural suitability maps are a key input for land use zoning and projections of cropland expansion. Suitability assessments typically consider edaphic conditions, climate, crop characteristics, and sometimes incorporate accessibility to transportation and market infrastructure. However, correct weighting among these disparate factors is challenging, given rapid development of new crop varieties, irrigation, and road networks, as well as changing global demand for agricultural commodities. Here, we compared three independent assessments of cropland suitability to spatial and temporal dynamics of agricultural expansion in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso during 2001–2012. We found that areas of recent cropland expansion identified using satellite data were generally designated as low to moderate suitability for rainfed crop production. Our analysis highlighted the abrupt nature of suitability boundaries, rather than smooth gradients of agricultural potential, with little additional cropland expansion beyond the extent of the flattest areas (0–2% slope). Satellite-based estimates of the interannual variability in the use of existing crop areas also provided an alternate means to assess suitability. On average, cropland areas in the Cerrado biome had higher utilization (84%) than croplands in the Amazon region of northern Mato Grosso (74%). Areas of more recent expansion had lower utilization than croplands established before 2002, providing empirical evidence for lower suitability or alternative management strategies (e.g., pasture–soya rotations) for lands undergoing more recent land use transitions. This unplanted reserve constitutes a large area of potentially available cropland (PAC) without further expansion, within the management limits imposed for pest management and fallow cycles. Using two key constraints on future cropland expansion, slope and restrictions on further deforestation of Amazon or Cerrado vegetation, we found little available flat land for further legal expansion of crop production in Mato Grosso. Dynamics of cropland expansion from more than a decade of satellite observations indicated narrow ranges of suitability criteria, restricting PAC under current policy conditions, and emphasizing the advantages of field-scale information to assess suitability and utilization.  相似文献   

Assessing quality of volunteer crowdsourcing contributions: lessons from the Cropland Capture game   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Carl F. Salk  Tobias Sturn  Linda See  Steffen Fritz  Christoph Perger 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(4):410-426

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is the assembly of spatial information based on public input. While VGI has proliferated in recent years, assessing the quality of volunteer-contributed data has proven challenging, leading some to question the efficiency of such programs. In this paper, we compare several quality metrics for individual volunteers’ contributions. The data were the product of the ‘Cropland Capture’ game, in which several thousand volunteers assessed 165,000 images for the presence of cropland over the course of 6 months. We compared agreement between volunteer ratings and an image's majority classification with volunteer self-agreement on repeated images and expert evaluations. We also examined the impact of experience and learning on performance. Volunteer self-agreement was nearly always higher than agreement with majority classifications, and much greater than agreement with expert validations although these metrics were all positively correlated. Volunteer quality showed a broad trend toward improvement with experience, but the highest accuracies were achieved by a handful of moderately active contributors, not the most active volunteers. Our results emphasize the importance of a universal set of expert-validated tasks as a gold standard for evaluating VGI quality.  相似文献   

Recultivation of abandoned agricultural lands in Ukraine: Patterns and drivers     

《Global Environmental Change》2016

The recent rise in agricultural commodity prices and the expectation that high price will persist have triggered a wave of farmland expansion in regions where land resources are still available. One such region is the former Soviet Union, where the collapse of socialism caused massive agricultural abandonment and where some of these lands are now being brought back into production. Yet, the extent and spatial patterns of recultivation, and what determines these patterns, remains unclear. We examined the extent of recultivation of abandoned agricultural land in Ukraine since 2007 using a new, satellite-based recultivation map and assessed the effect of biophysical and socioeconomic determinants on recultivation patterns using boosted regression trees. We found key predictors of recultivation to be related to the suitability of land for agriculture (i.e., soil quality, temperature). Accessibility to major cities was also important, with most recultivation happening closer to settlements, but this influence varied across Ukraine. Variables related to agricultural management (fertilizer input, mechanization) and demography were negligible in explaining recultivation in our analyses. These factors suggest that recultivation patterns were primarily driven by factors related to land productivity, with recultivation focusing on the most promising areas. Given the remaining large amount of unused agricultural land in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and considering that much abandonment occurred in areas only marginally suited to agriculture, our findings provide important insights into where recultivation can be expected to happen and thus for assessing the potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts of recultivation.  相似文献   

遥感模式分类中的空间统计学应用——以面向对象的遥感影像农田提取为例   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

明冬萍  邱玉芳  周文 《测绘学报》2016,45(7):825-833

如何有效地从遥感图像中提取所需信息,是遥感图像处理和应用的关键,而尺度选择问题一直是影响遥感信息提取精度的关键问题之一。本文论述了利用空间统计学方法解决遥感影像模式分类中的尺度问题的理论基础。针对面向对象影像分析问题,将影响遥感影像多尺度分割的尺度分割参数概括为空间属性分割参数、光谱属性分割参数和影像对象面积阈值参数,并分别提出了基于统计学的尺度参数估计方法。以SPOT-5影像面向对象农田提取为例,基于变异函数方法进行了尺度优选试验,系列尺度分类试验结果表明基于空间统计学尺度估计得到的尺度分割结果进行分类能得到最高的精度,进而证明了基于空间统计学方法进行面向对象信息提取尺度估计的有效性。该方法是完全数据驱动的方法,基本不需要先验知识参与。不同于以往分割后评价的尺度选择方法会占用大量计算资源且耗费大量时间,本文提出的方法不仅能在一定程度上保证面向对象信息提取的精度,而且在一定程度上也提高了面向对象信息提取的效率和自动化程度。  相似文献   

基于模型模拟的中国秸秆还田固碳潜力空间格局分析（英文）     

陈敬华  王绍强  Florian KRAXNER  Juraj BALKOVIC  徐希燕  孙雷刚 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,(2):184-195

农作物秸秆还田作为农田土壤和养分管理的推荐做法之一,对于土壤有机碳(SOC)固定和CO_2减排具有重要意义。本研究利用环境政策综合气候模型(EPIC)模拟了4种作物秸秆还田情形下2001年至2010年中国农田表层土壤有机碳变化及其空间格局。模拟结果显示,秸秆完全移除(CR0%)下的土壤有机碳损失为28.89 Tg yr^–1,当前30%的秸秆还田(CR30%)能够减缓22.38 Tg C yr^–1的碳损失。若秸秆还田率从30%提高至50%(CR50%)乃至75%(CR75%),中国农田表层土壤将变为净碳汇。中国农田表层土壤固碳潜力在CR50%和CR75%情形下分别可达25.53 Tg C yr^–1和52.85 Tg C yr^–1,且在不同农业区存在空间异质性。单位面积土壤固碳潜力在西北和华北地区最高,而华东最低。华北地区具有最高的区域固碳潜力。在这十年间,CR50%和CR75%情形下增加的土壤表层有机碳相当于减少了1.4%和2.9%的中国CO_2排放总量。总之,我们建议鼓励我国农民将原本直接焚烧或用作家用燃料的秸秆返还田间以改善土壤性质和减缓大气CO_2增加,尤其是华北地区更应推行这一举措。  相似文献   

Farmland Abandonment Research Progress: Influencing Factors and Simulation Model     

SONG Wei  ZHANG Ying 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):345-352

Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland abandonment and developing scientific models to simulate farmland abandonment. The study reviewed the natural and political factors driving farmland abandonment and summarized the main models for farmland abandonment simulation together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the main ecological effects of farmland abandonment and propose farmland abandonment research directions. The study found that: (1) the influence of labor cost change and ageing labor force on farmland abandonment needs further investigation, (2) simulation models for farmland abandonment must include the decision-making mechanism of individual farmers and focus on macro large-scale abandonment prediction models, and (3) the influence of farmland abandonment on landscape culture must be investigated in detail.  相似文献   

1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异   总被引：54，自引：3，他引：51  

刘成武  李秀彬 《地理学报》2006,61(2):139-145

依托1980~2002年的中国农产品成本收益资料与中国农业统计年鉴等基础数据,从集约度、播种面积与耕地撂荒变化三个方面,对中国1980年以来农地利用变化的区域差异进行了研究。结果表明：① 西部地区农地利用的集约度具有强劲的上升态势,而东、中部地区在1992~1993年时集约度下降显著,在1997年以后,集约度具有明显的持续下降趋势;② 东部地区农地利用的总播种面积显著下降,而西部地区却有相当稳定的扩大趋势;③ 东部、中部与西部地区三种粮食作物的播种面积变化均经历了一个“三缩二扩”的变化过程：“缩小 (1980~1985)-扩大 (1985~1991)-缩小 (1991~1994)-扩大 (1994~1999)-再缩小 (1999~ 2002)”;但在变化幅度与发展态势上,三个区域之间差异明显。东部地区的播种面积有显著的下降态势,而中部与西部地区在1999年以前,其总的态势是播种面积有所扩大,此后播种面积明显下降,但其下降幅度小于东部地区;④ 中部地区耕地撂荒案例最多,涉及地域最广,东部地区次之,西部地区相对较少;东部地区的耕地撂荒现象主要出现在1992~1995年,而中部地区高度集中在1998~2002年,西部地区耕地撂荒的时间分布较为均匀,没有高度集中出现的特点。  相似文献   

水下井口回接工艺在边际油田开发中的应用及改进     

魏刚  ;李立宏  ;张春琳  ;邵明仁 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(2):88-91

水下井口回接是海洋石油钻井工程中的一项特殊工艺。为降低开发成本,提高边际油田的开发效益,利用临时弃井的井进行水下井口的回接,并在此基础上建造小型生产平台是开发边际油田一项不错的选择。于1988年钻探的BZ34-3-2D井,试油显示较好,采用了保留水下井口的临时弃井。介绍了井口回接工艺以及该工艺在BZ34-3油田的应用中遇到的困难,对常规井口回接工艺进行了改进与创新,利用水下摄像技术观察水下井口情况,最终回接成功,对今后水下井口回接作业有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

中国农村转型与耕地保护机制   总被引：122，自引：10，他引：122  

蔡运龙 《地理科学》2001,21(1):1-6

我国农村和城市的发展都处在转型时期，对土地的需求将进一步扩展，而开发边际土地的余地已经有限，未来耕地食物安全的形势将更趋势严峻，因而保护耕地成为我国的基本国策，但实际上由于缺乏保护机制，耕地仍在继续向效益更高的其它土地用途转移，因此，保护耕地的根本大计在于建立机制，保护耕地的经济机制是提高农业的比较经济效益，耕地生态服务功能的价值实现至关重要，在政策管理机制方面，要强化政府在耕地保护中的作用，规范土地管理行为，明确独立于市场的政府土地管理目标，并以法律形式固定的规划作为实现目标的手段，城市发展要加强内涵集约度。  相似文献