Seagrass landscape-scale changes in response to disturbance created by the dynamics of barrier-islands: A case study from Ria Formosa (Southern Portugal)     

A.H. Cunha  R.P. Santos  A.P. Gaspar  M.F. Bairros 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):636-644

This study documents long-term changes of a Zostera noltii landscape induced by a natural cyclic event in a coastal lagoon. The barrier-islands forming this system are very dynamic with drifting movements controlling ecological patterns and processes occurring in this area. Changes in the areal extent of the Z. noltii meadows were assessed using historical aerial photographs from 1940, 1980, 1989, 1996 and 1998. Landscape indices such as total patch area (TA), mean patch size (MPS), number of patches (NP), mean shape coefficient of variation (CV) and landscape fractal dimension (D) were calculated for each year and related to an index of disturbance intensity. The spatial distribution of the Z. noltii meadows varied greatly during the studied period and changes observed were related to the disturbance created by the barrier-islands' spatial dynamics. After an artificial inlet relocation the Z. noltii area, number of patches, patch mean size and coefficient of variation decreased. The fractal dimension of the Z. noltii landscape increased by 50% showing that besides a decrease in total area, number of patches, and patch mean area, patch fragmentation was an important consequence of this anthropogenic disturbance.Seagrass natural distribution patterns changed in response to natural and human-induced activities. This study emphasizes the importance of the landscape approach and the historical perspective when studying seagrass changes and the importance of taking into consideration long-term changes in seagrass landscapes to avoid confusion between man-induced effects with natural cyclic events.  相似文献   

Geographies of Displacement: The Karenni and The Shan Across The Myanmar-Thailand Border   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carl Grundy-Warr  & Elaine Wong Siew Yin 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(1):93-122

First, central to our analysis is the argument that human movement within and across borders fundamentally challenges the view of geopolitics based upon fixed territorial states, inter-state relations, national identities and citizenship; indeed the whole idea of "national geographic". Using the examples of the Karen and Shan peoples, we explore the processes and patterns of forced relocation, displacement and migration in the border regions of Myanmar and Thailand. Our main concern is with forced displacement as a result of political and ethnic conflict; specifically, how the Burmese military regime's desire for "national unity" within Myanmar's "national space" has influenced the militarily inspired displacements of hundreds of thousands of villagers and civilians within the border zones inhabited mostly by so-called "national minorities". We examine the particular problems of the so-called "internally displaced persons" within "national" boundaries compared with the "refugees" and "undocumented migrants" who make it across "international" space into Thailand. We illustrate the ways displaced people are represented by state agencies and the media as "threats" and "transgressors". We consider some of the "long term" aspects of the displacement problem along the Myanmar-Thai border and the vital contribution geographers can make to the study of displacement.  相似文献   

Transport and Housing Security in the Klang Valley, Malaysia     

Paul Barter 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):268-287

This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of "squatters". A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested.  相似文献   

Managed relocation: an assessment of its feasibility as a coastal management option     

Derek J Mcglashan 《The Geographical journal》2003,169(1):6-20

Managed relocation is explained and examined as an option to add to the usual categories considered in relation to managing coastal erosion. The paper considers the relocation of buildings in one unit, as opposed to demolition and re-construction. The standard coastal erosion management options are briefly noted and how managed relocation can fit into these options is explained. This paper focuses on four case studies. Two examples are from the USA and two from the UK; of these, two (one in each of the UK and USA) took place during the nineteenth century. Managed relocation is proposed as being feasible in particular cases, particularly where there are isolated historic or high value buildings.  相似文献   

使用ECMWF集合预报数据集估计全球季节平均气候异常的潜在可预报性          下载免费PDF全文

文彩虹  杨修群 《气象科学》2003,23(4):379-391

利用ECMWF PROVOST项目产生的在给定海表温度强迫下的150(1979～1993)季节集合预报数据集，分析揭示了季节平均气候异常潜在可预报性的全球分布。首先，利用可再现的强迫模态重建集合资料场，在Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验的基础上定义潜在可预报性指数PU^k，然后，将重建场的PU^k与重建场贡献于集合平均的方差比结合，提出了定量估计局地潜在可预报性的指数PI。以全球850hPa温度季节平均异常场为例，对PI进行定量计算表明：不仅大部分热带地区，而且热带外一些地区的季节平均气候异常具有潜在可预报性，主要分布在北美、南非和亚洲部分季风区；全球大部分潜在可预报地区主要受ENSO型强迫控制，而部分温带地区如中国华北、中亚、北美南部主要受非ENSO型强迫控制；局地潜在可预报性具有季节性，夏季可预报性较强，冬季较弱。通过与其他几种估计季节潜在可预报性的方法进行比较表明，本文提出的PI方法能更好地把热带外地区受外强迫控制的可预报信号提取出来。  相似文献   

RESEARCH OF THE INHOMOGENEITY TEST OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA SERIES IN CHINA^*          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Xiaoning  LI Qingxiang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(4):492-502

Some achievements on the inhomogeneity test of climatological data series and some correlative conclusions were described,from which we concluded that it was very necessary to test the homogeneity of the Chinese climatological data series.Many techniques on this field developed by foreign experts are suitable for Chinese climatological series,and the main factors for the inhomogeneity of the Chinese climatological data are the relocation of stations and the change of instruments.  相似文献   

Soil-structure interaction analysis of the Hualien containment model     

Todor Ganev  Fumio Yamazaki  Tsuneo Katayama  Teruyuki Ueshima 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(7-8):459-470

This paper presents results from forced vibration tests, microtremor observations and earthquake response analysis of a nuclear reactor containment model constructed on stiff soil in Hualien, Taiwan. The dynamic behavior of the soil-structure system is simulated successfully with two numerical models: a sway-rocking model, whose soil parameters are evaluated on the basis of the continuum formulation method, and a finite element model, using the program SASSI with the flexible volume substructuring approach. The dependences of the soil parameters of both models on the amplitudes of the different dynamic excitations are investigated in detail. An original numerical simulation of microtremor is performed. Comparison with results of a previous study involving a rigid tower on a soft soil site in Chiba, Japan is offered.  相似文献   

中国中西部地区地震的重新定位和三维地壳速度结构   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

杨智娴  于湘伟  郑月军  陈运泰  倪晓晞  Winston CHAN 《地震学报》2004,26(1):19-29

采用中国中西部地区(21~36N， 98~112E)193个地震台在1992～1999年间记录到的9 988次地震的Pg和Sg震相走时的读数资料，用Roecker的SPHYPIT90程序，反演了该地区三维地壳P波速度结构，并用SPHREL3D90程序进行了地震的重新定位．反演结果揭示了中国中西部地区地震P波速度结构明显的横向不均匀性，这些不同深度上波速的横向变化多以该地区的活动断裂为分界线．可以看出活动断裂两侧存在明显的速度反差．通过重新定位，得到了6 459次地震的震源参数，这些精确定位的地震震中明显沿该区活动断裂呈现条带状分布，其范围和尺度清晰地表示了这一地区地震活动与活动断裂的紧密关系．其中，82％重新精确定位的事件的震源深度在20 km以内. 这一结果与笔者用双差地震定位法得到的重新定位的震源深度分布相一致．   相似文献   

Earthquake relocation and 3-dimensional crustal structure of P-wave velocity in cen-tral-western China     

杨智娴  于湘伟  郑月军  陈运泰  倪晓晞  Winston CHAN 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):20-30

IntroductionUnderstandingthemechanismofcontinentalearthquakesisveryimportantforseismichaz-ardpreventionandearthquakeprediction.Themodernseismotectonictheoryandtheideaofearthquakepredictionaredevelopedmainlyfromthestudiesoninterplateearthquakes,whicharedifficulttoexplainthephenomenaofintraplateearthquakes,suchasthecontinentalearthquakesoccurredinChinesemainland.Whiletheinterplateearthquakesoccurredalongtheplatebounda-ries,theintraplateearthquakesdistributediffuselyintheinterioroftheplates.Thus…  相似文献   

Evidence for short-scale stress field variations within intraplate central-western France     

Yves Mazabraud  Nicole Béthoux  Jocelyn Guilbert  Olivier Bellier 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(1):161-178

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