Representing environments in flux: case studies from East Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lindsey Gillson  Michael Sheridan  Dan Brockington† 《Area》2003,35(4):371-389

The dominant view in the ecology and anthropology of the 1950s saw populations harmoniously interacting in self-regulating systems; climax forests and stable societies were the ruling hypotheses. Now, however, ecology and social sciences are investigating nature and culture in flux. The flux paradigms of nature and culture describe a human–ecological relationship that is non-equilibrial, historically contingent and constantly negotiated at both material and ideological levels by unequal actors. In this paper, we examine the effect of changing ecological and cultural paradigms on interpretations of environmental change in three areas of East Africa: the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania and the Tsavo National Park, Kenya. We explore how discursive and materialist approaches can complement one another, by expanding the domains of ecological inquiry and demanding that analysts cross-check their data for unquestioned assumptions regarding stability, variability and spatial and temporal scales. Rather than testing a ruling hypothesis, we suggest that ecologists and social scientists work with multiple hypotheses, with the aim of understanding the interplay between ecological, environmental and social influences.  相似文献   

硅酸盐固溶体矿物中组分的韵律型空间分布及形成过程中的时-空自组织     

吴金平  王江海 《矿物学报》1990,(3)

本文根据熔体聚合模型和正规溶液模型,建立了非平衡条件下,在二组分硅酸盐熔体固结过程中的非平衡非理想界面反应的非线性动力学模型:对上式进行数值模拟表明,当W/RT<-2时,有三重态,并通过建立界面状态(组成)的质量守恒方程,合理地说明了硅酸盐固溶体矿物韵律结构形成的可能机理之一,寻找界面反应三重态是研究固溶体矿物韵律结构的一条相当普遍的途径。  相似文献   

瓦斯地质钻探工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

马沈岐 《探矿工程》2007,34(2):40-44

在论述了瓦斯地质钻探目的和非平衡钻探工艺理论的基础上，总结了瓦斯地质钻探施工工艺及相关技术措施并强调了安全施工要求。  相似文献   

Non-equilibrium alcohol flooding model for immiscible phase remediation: 1. Equation development     

Stanley Reitsma  Bernard H. Kueper 《Advances in water resources》1998,21(8):1

The equations for a compositional model for simulation of a two-phase, three-component system with inter-phase mass transfer are developed. Emphasis is placed on development of inter-phase mass transfer equations for incorporation of rate-limited inter-phase mass transfer. Due to the nature of the three-component systems considered, a single-film model may be inadequate and a two-film model must be utilized. A two-film model accounts for the simultaneous transfer of components in both directions across phase interfaces. The effect of interaction between components on diffusion is considered using a general form of Fick's Law. A Hand Plot representation of ternary phase behavior is chosen since it allows for straightforward calculation of miscibility of bulk phases under conditions of local non-equilibrium. The developed set of equations form the basis for a numerical model to simulate the enhanced removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from porous media using single-component alcohol floods.  相似文献   

基于动态降温结晶工艺的盐湖卤水镁锂分离研究          下载免费PDF全文

张成卓  成怀刚  李琳琳  薛芳斌  李恩泽 《盐湖研究》2023,31(1):59-66

青海盐湖卤水锂资源储量丰富,高镁锂比卤水存在镁锂分离难的问题。基于非平衡动态降温过程中不同盐组分结晶行为存在差异的原理,开展了强制分离高镁锂比卤水的研究,考察了卤水镁锂比、降温速率、流体状态和卤水温度对镁锂分离效果的影响,并分析了结晶过程中镁锂分离的介稳性特点。结果表明,通过非平衡动态降温结晶析出MgCl₂·6H₂O,可以实现卤水脱镁和镁锂分离,当降温速率为-1.25℃/min、卤水温度在70℃至50℃范围内,镁锂比在10∶1～80∶1时,镁锂分离因子最高可达到1.876,结晶的MgCl₂·6H₂O纯度最高为99.42%。非平衡动态降温结晶工艺相较于经典的盐田工艺,最多可将锂损失率从模拟盐田工艺的38.39%降至7.56%。该工艺为盐湖卤水镁锂分离提供了一条新的思路,也为后续高纯锂盐的制备奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Non-equilibrium interphase heat and mass transfer during two-phase flow in porous media—Theoretical considerations and modeling     

Jennifer Niessner  S. Majid Hassanizadeh 《Advances in water resources》2009

Mass and heat transfer occurring across phase-interfaces in multi-phase flow in porous media are mostly approximated using equilibrium relationships or empirical kinetic models. However, when the characteristic time of flow is smaller than that of mass or heat transfer, non-equilibrium situations may arise. Commonly, empirical approaches are used in such cases. There are only few works in the literature that use physically-based models for these transfer terms. In fact, one would expect physical approaches to modeling kinetic interphase mass and heat transfer to contain the interfacial area between the phases as a variable. Recently, a two-phase flow and solute transport model was developed that included interfacial area as a state variable [36]. In that model, interphase mass transfer was modeled as a kinetic process.  相似文献   

砂岩含水介质中铀的吸附和迁移行为研究     

崔迪  杨冰  郭华明  连国玺  孙娟 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):217-226

地浸铀矿山退役后,含水层中残留的含铀浸出液随着地下水的运动向下游迁移扩散,存在对周边地下水污染的风险。本文设计了若干组批实验和柱实验,研究铀在北方某地浸铀矿山砂岩含水介质中的吸附和迁移行为。实验结果表明,砂岩对铀的吸附在12 h以内达到平衡,铀初始浓度越高,砂岩的铀吸附容量越大;砂岩对铀的吸附为吸热反应,温度升高有利于吸附反应的进行。溶液pH值和共存 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}浓度会对铀的吸附作用产生强烈的影响:pH值在7左右时,铀的吸附量最高; {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}浓度越高,铀的吸附量越低。这些影响是通过改变溶液中铀的络合形态和砂岩矿物表面的电荷性质实现的。柱实验表明,pH值、铀浓度、流速和 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}浓度是影响铀在饱和砂岩含水介质中迁移的重要因素。pH值≤7时,pH值越高,砂岩柱越不易被铀穿透;而铀浓度、流速、 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}浓度越高,砂岩柱越易被铀穿透。两点非平衡模型可以很好地拟合不同条件下铀在砂岩柱中的迁移过程。批实验获得的分配系数是柱实验的1.16.6倍。通过对比实验条件、含水层特性和地下水化学特征,确定分配系数为48.1 mL/g时,较适合描述研究区内砂岩含水层中的铀迁移。上述认识为地浸铀矿山地下水铀的反应运移过程和天然自净化机理提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2003年7月4~5日梅雨锋暴雨维持的诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈忠明  杨康权 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1316-1325

利用卫星云图、 多普勒雷达产品以及探空资料, 结合NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 对2003年7月4~5日淮河流域大暴雨过程发生的环境场条件、 强降水的中尺度特征、 低空急流与能量锋的配置对强降水天气的影响等进行了详细的天气学分析, 并对大气正压非平衡强迫、 低空急流与能量锋相互作用对强降水天气发生\, 发展与持续过程中的影响进行了动力诊断。结果表明： 这次梅雨锋暴雨过程, 暴雨区上空气柱内水汽较少, 孟加拉湾与南海地区向暴雨区输送的水汽占据主导地位。暴雨区的平均散度与垂直速度变化与强降水天气变化比较一致。对流层低层能量锋与低空急流的配置及其相互作用对强降水天气的发生\, 发展和维持具有重要影响。当低层能量锋与低空急流处于同时强的配置状态时, 强降水天气发生并持续; 当两者处于一强一弱或两者皆弱的配置状态时, 则没有强降水天气发生或持续。正压非平衡强迫对强降水启动作用较大, 而湿斜压热动力相互作用对强降水天气持续影响较大, 是导致强降水过程维持的主要动力机制。  相似文献   

垂直切变基流中的非平衡不稳定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

安洁  张铭 《热带气象学报》2009,25(1):48-58

采用计算横波型扰动波谱和谱函数的方法,研究了当基本气流具有垂直线性切变、层结参数为常值时横波型扰动的不稳定,给出了不稳定扰动的结构,讨论了不稳定的性质。发现：对于三支波动连续谱区互不重叠的天气尺度情况,若此时出现不稳定扰动,其性质属于纯涡旋波的准地转不稳定,与Eady模态类似,是Rossby波的斜压不稳定;在中 尺度中高端,其不稳定性质仍是纯涡旋波的不稳定,即准平衡的斜压不稳定;在中 尺度低端则出现了第一类混合波的非平衡不稳定,包括涡旋-逆传重力惯性混合波的不稳定和涡旋-顺传重力惯性混合波的不稳定,前者低层体现了涡旋波的特点,高层体现了重力惯性波的特点,后者反之;在中 尺度波段,若存在不稳定则均为非平衡的涡旋-重力惯性混合波不稳定,其包括第一类和第二类混合波的不稳定,后者低层体现重力惯性波的特点,中层体现涡旋波的特点,高层则又体现了重力惯性波的特点。  相似文献   

河流冲刷过程中表层床沙粗化对不平衡输沙的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘金梅  王士强  王光谦 《水科学进展》2000,11(3):230-234

在分析前人的不平衡输沙研究成果的基础上,针对非均匀沙河床,提出了床沙交换速率的新物理概念,计算研究了不同床沙交换速率时表层床沙的粗化过程及非均匀沙含沙量恢复饱和过程.研究表明,由于较细泥沙的冲刷率总大于较粗泥沙,因此在床面薄层内泥沙随冲刷迅速粗化,致使挟沙力降低,不平衡输沙距离较均匀沙情况大大延长.床沙交换速率愈慢,则冲刷距离愈长.  相似文献