Flexural deformation controls on Late Quaternary sediment dispersal in the Garo-Rajmahal Gap,NW Bengal Basin     

Jean-Louis Grimaud  Celine Grall  Steven Goodbred  Michael S. Steckler  Ryan Sincavage  Jennifer L. Pickering  Chris Paola  Leonardo Seeber  Md. Saddam Hossain 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):1242-1260

Subsurface deformation is a driver for river path selection when deformation rates become comparable to the autogenic mobility rate of rivers. Here we combine geomorphology, soil and sediment facies analyses, and geophysical data of the Late Quaternary sediments of the central Garo-Rajmahal Gap in Northwest Bengal to link subsurface deformation with surface processes. We show variable sedimentation characteristics, from slow rates (<0.8 mm/year) in the Tista megafan at the foot of the Himalaya to nondeposition at the exposed surface of the Barind Tract to the south, enabling the development of mature soils. Combined subsidence in the Tista fan and uplift of the Barind Tract are consistent with a N-S flexural response of the Indian plate to loading of the Himalaya Mountains given a low value of elastic thickness (15–25 km). Provenance analysis based on bulk strontium concentration suggests a dispersal of sediment consistent with this flexural deformation—in particular the abandonment of the Barind Tract by a Pleistocene Brahmaputra River and the current extents of the Tista megafan lobes. Overall, these results highlight the control by deeply rooted deformation patterns on the routing of sediment by large rivers in foreland settings.  相似文献   

浅地层剖面系统在福建沿海海底沉船调查中的应用     

李海东  胡毅  许江  林兆彬  刘伯然  王恒波  郑江龙 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(1)

海底沉船是水下文化遗产的一种重要类型和存在形式,利用综合地球物理手段对福建平潭、莆田及福州海域的海底沉船进行了探测研究,并重点探讨了不同浅地层剖面系统及不同探测频率在不同埋藏状态的水下文物调查中的应用。结果表明:浅地层剖面探测能够有效识别处于不同埋藏状态的沉船,尤其对探测埋藏海底面以下的沉船具有其他探测手段无法比拟的优势,但是探测频率的调节对目标物探测结果存在较大差异,对于埋藏式的海底沉船低频信号探测效果较理想。  相似文献   

Transient streambed hydraulic conductivity in channel and bar environments,Loup River,Nebraska     

Jesse T. Korus  Wilhelm P. Fraundorfer  Troy E. Gilmore  Kelsey Karnik 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3061-3077

Streambed hydraulic conductivity (K) and vertical K (K _v) are key controls on groundwater and surface water exchange and biogeochemical fluxes through the hyporheic zone, but drivers of transient hydraulic properties in different fluvial environments are poorly understood. This study combines hydrogeology, geophysics, and sedimentology to reveal mechanisms of K and K _v transience in the upper 0.5 m of a sandy streambed during low discharge. Hydraulic tests (44 slug tests, 130 falling-head permeameter tests) and 130 grain-size analyses were repeated three times over 8 weeks on a 1,200 m² grid spanning: (a) a channel with continuously flowing water and mobile bed load; (b) an adjacent mid-channel bar that was stationary and infrequently submerged. Aerial photographs and ground-penetrating radar show scour and complete reworking of fluvial sediments in the channel. Bar sediments below the water table remained immobile, but infrequent flows of moderate discharge reworked the uppermost few centimetres of the bar top. Despite differences in sediment mobility and stream flow characteristics across environments, K and K _v exhibited order-of-magnitude differences in spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in both the channel and bar. Mean K and K _v values in the channel were comparatively stable over time. In the immobile bar, mean K declined 20% and K _v declined 26% after increased discharge temporarily inundated the bar. Grain-size distributions were steady across both environments over time, but repeat geophysical surveys of the bar show a decrease in electrical conductivity, likely from porosity reduction. These findings suggest that sediment dynamics and stream flow characteristics in different streambed environments are important drivers of K transience during low discharge conditions. Specifically, pore clogging can be an important mechanism of transience over short durations (weeks to months) in immobile sediments subject to infrequent flows and minor reworking.  相似文献   

南海大洋钻探及海洋地质与地球物理前沿研究新突破   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

林间  李家彪  徐义刚  孙珍  夏少红  黄小龙  解习农  李春峰  丁巍伟  周志远  张帆  罗怡鸣 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):125-140

南海是西太平洋地区规模最大且具有代表性的边缘海盆地之一。经过近几十年的研究积累，尤其是通过实施5个国际大洋钻探航次(1999–2018年)与国家自然科学基金委“南海深海过程演变”重大研究计划(2011–2019年)，我国科学家获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料，取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破，标志着南海海洋地质与地球物理研究正走向国际前沿。重要研究成果包括:(1)新提出南海是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型陆缘模式不同；(2)大洋钻探首次获取了基底玄武岩样品，结合中国在南海首次深拖地磁测量实验，精确测定了南海海盆玄武岩年龄，揭示南海海盆从东向西分段扩张；(3)大洋钻探结果发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初岩浆迅速出现，未发现缓慢破裂造成的蛇纹岩出露；(4)发现南海扩张结束后仍存在大量岩浆活动，可能受控于多种构造与地幔因素；(5)地球化学证据与地球动力学模拟都显示南海岩浆的形成受到周边俯冲带的影响。目前我国的海洋地球科学正在进入崭新的发展阶段，有望以南海为基点，开始拓展到周边大洋，通过主导大型研究计划以及建设我国大洋钻探平台，以提升我国在南海、西太平洋与印度洋海洋地质科学研究的实质性影响力与引领地位。  相似文献   

差分法计算地震动旋转分量          下载免费PDF全文

李栋青  王赟  孙丽霞 《地球科学》2021,46(1):369-380

旋转地震学是一门研究由地震、爆破以及工程振动等引起的地球介质运动的新兴学科.旋转运动的研究由来已久,但是由于缺少高精度的旋转分量地震仪,所以旋转运动的研究大多仅限于理论方面.差分法作为利用平动分量获取旋转分量的一种计算方法,在理论研究方面较为成熟,但是缺乏实际数据的验证.通过在对旋转运动研究现状充分调研的基础上,利用模拟数据和实测的爆炸源数据,对差分法进行了测试和分析.通过对比差分法计算的旋转分量和实测旋转分量的波形图、振幅谱和相位谱等,得出了在一定的误差允许范围内,差分法可以作为求取水平旋转分量（R_X,R_Y）的替代方法的结论;同时,针对爆炸源的高频特性以及密集台阵观测的特点,对现有的差分法进行了改进,提出了一种精度更高的求取旋转分量的差分法.   相似文献   

Unveiling buried aeolian landscapes: reconstructing a late Holocene dune environment using 3D ground-penetrating radar     

Luis Rees-Hughes  Natasha L. M. Barlow  Adam D. Booth  Landis J. West  George Tuckwell  Tim Grossey 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(3):377-390

Across the UK, sandy beaches and dunes protect coastal infrastructure from waves and extreme water levels during large-scale storms, while providing important habitats and recreational opportunities. Understanding their long-term evolution is vital in managing their condition in a changing climate. Recently, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods have grown in popularity in geomorphological applications, yielding centimetre-scale resolution images of near-surface stratigraphy and structure, thus allowing landscape evolution to be reconstructed. Additionally, abrupt changes in palaeo-environments can be visualized in three dimensions. Although often complemented by core data, GPR allows interpretations to be extended into areas with minimal ground-truth control. Nonetheless, GPR data interpretation can be non-intuitive and ambiguous, and radargrams may not initially resemble the expected subsurface geometry. Interpretation can be made yet more onerous when handling the large 3D data volumes that are facilitated with modern GPR technology. Here we describe the development of novel semi-automated GPR feature-extraction tools, based on ‘edge detection’ and ‘thresholding’ methods, which detect regions of increased GPR reflectivity which can be applied to aid in the reconstruction of a range Quaternary landscapes. Since reflectivity can be related to lithological and/or pore fluid changes, the 3D architecture of the palaeo-landscape can be reconstructed from the features extracted from a geophysical dataset. We present 500 MHz GPR data collected over a buried Holocene coastal dune system in North Wales, UK, now reclaimed for use as an airfield. Core data from the site, reaching a maximum depth 2 m, suggest rapid vertical changes from sand to silty-organic units, and GPR profiles suggest similar lateral complexity. By applying thresholding methods to GPR depth slices, these lateral complexities are effectively and automatically mapped. Furthermore, automatic extraction of the local reflection power yields a strong correlation with the depth variation of organic content, suggesting it is a cause of reflectivity contrast. GPR-interpolated analyses away from core control thus offer a powerful proxy for parameters derived from invasive core logging. The GPR data collected at Llanbedr airfield highlight a complex dune system to a depth of 2.8 m, probably deposited in several phases over ~700 years, similar to elsewhere in North Wales.  相似文献   

物探方法在复兴屯银铅锌多金属矿区构造与成矿机理研究中的应用     

梁新强  乔占华  闫强  王亮  李建锋  刘晓辉  王淼 《物探与化探》2021,(2):323-336

复兴屯银铅锌多金属矿是近两年在大兴安岭成矿带中生代陆相火山盆地里首次发现的特大型银铅锌多金属矿床。在矿床普查与勘查期间开展了地面高精度磁测、时间域激发极化法面积性测量、AMT电磁测深等物探方法,发挥了重要指导作用。①通过地面磁异常数据RGIS软件处理解释判定了普查区构造构局;②综合利用地磁异常和视电阻率异常特征,结合地表出露岩性判定了破火山口断陷盆地位置;③利用激电测深判定了断陷盆地形成过程与构造特征及断裂构造的多期次与硫化物沉淀的多期次性;④依据视极化率异常特征,结合地质构造环境判定了场源性质和成矿物质来源;⑤利用AMT电磁测深资料圈定了筒状次火山岩侵入体。本文在上述研究结果和钻探基础上,还研究了该矿床形成机理,给出了一套寻找该类矿床的物探方法应用思路。  相似文献   

Spatial-Temporal Ground Deformation Study of BaotouBased on the PS-InSAR Method     

GE Weili  LI Yuanjie  WANG Zhichao  ZHANG Chunming  YANG Honglei 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(2):674-683

Ground subsidence is an emerging geological hazard in Baotou,Inner Mongolia.Four areas of Baotou with relatively large subsidence range and rate were selected for analysis.Focusing on investigation of ground subsidence using PS-InSAR technology,a total of 43 frames of ALOS PALSAR images yielded a SAR data span from December 2006 to January 2011,allowing ground subsidence scope,subsidence velocity,time-series deformation to be obtained.Major causes and influencing factors of the ground subsidence are closely related to soft soil consolidation and compaction and the decrease in the level of groundwater caused by increased development and utilization of groundwater.  相似文献   

俄罗斯-蒙古地学断面地壳模型的地质-地球物理资料综合研究     

Evgeny Kh. TURUTANOV  Evgeny V. SKLYAROV  Valentina V. MORDVINOVA  Anatoly M. MAZUKABZOV  Viktor S. KANAYKIN 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):260-282

地学断面是指地壳的垂直剖面,主要通过对地质和地球物理资料的综合分析来揭示构造带的性质及其空间关系。横断面的研究所采用的数据基本包括100 km宽区域地质图、上地壳的地质剖面图、重磁图(沿横断面的重磁剖面图)以及地壳的地震波速度、密度和其他地球物理属性的剖面图。这些数据被用于构建综合的数据剖面图(结果图),以展示各种地球动力学条件下(裂谷、海洋、碰撞带、造山盆地、大陆地台和岩浆弧,包括安第斯岛弧、活动大陆边缘、海沟、弧前和弧后盆地)的特定的岩石组构。本项目的研究目标是根据研究区现存的地质和地球物理数据的综合解释,统一图例,建立研究区深部剖面,以确定地体的空间关系及其在板块构造方面的地球动力学性质。 前人已分别对东西伯利亚南部和蒙古境内的多个地体进行了构造划分,并对它们的地球动力学性质和时空关系进行了分析。研究结果显示该系列地体为早古生代、中晚古生代和晚古生代—早中生代的岛弧和微大陆。此外,研究还识别出了中—晚古生代和晚古生代—早中生代安第斯型活动大陆边缘、晚古生代—早中生代被动大陆边缘和早白垩世裂谷。与岛弧和安第斯型活动大陆边缘相关的岩体被推覆至相邻大陆和微陆块上,部分推覆宽度可达150 km。目前已开展泥盆纪到晚侏罗世时期蒙古-鄂霍次克海地区的古地球动力学重建。 “非地槽”型花岗岩类岩浆作用在板块构造方面找到了直接且合理的解释,其中泥盆纪—石炭纪和二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆作用区域对应于安第斯型活动大陆边缘,中—晚侏罗世岩浆作用则与西伯利亚/蒙古-中国大陆板块碰撞有关。碰撞岩浆作用中亚碱性(地幔)元素的存在及其所在的构造区域在很大程度可以说明蒙古-鄂霍次克海闭合后,巨厚大陆岩石圈下曾经发生过持续的大洋裂谷活动(地幔热点)。在早白垩世时期,大陆裂谷活动影响到了同一时期正在发生的大陆汇聚作用。 西伯利亚南部边界大部分具有安第斯型活动大陆边缘性质,这也是蒙古—鄂霍次克缝合线沿线蛇绿岩数量较少的原因。因为当汇聚大陆一个具有安第斯类型的活动边缘,而另一个具有被动边缘时,前者的大陆地壳会最终逆冲到后者之上,并因此破坏掉先前出露的蛇绿杂岩体。部分被破坏的蛇绿岩块是俯冲带保留下来的海山残余,其可能成为增生-俯冲楔体的混沌复合体的一部分。然而,由于快速俯冲作用,这种楔形体在晚二叠世—早侏罗世的积累并不是西伯利亚活动边缘的典型特征。 沿地学断面综合的地质和地球物理资料分析表明,亚洲大陆是在显生宙时期由部分前寒武纪微陆块构造拼贴而成的。前寒武纪地块间存在不同宽度的已变形且剥蚀强烈的显生宙火山弧,它们也被归类为特定地体。  相似文献   

Comparison of Results of Recent Seismic Profiles with Tectonic Models of the North China Craton     

Timothy M Kusky 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(2)

The geometry and timing of amalgamation of the North China craton(NCC) have been controversial,with three main models with significantly different interpretations of regional structure,geochronology,and geological relationships.The model of Zhao G C et al.suggests that the eastern and western blocks of the NCC formed separately in the Archean,and an active margin was developed on the eastern block between 2.5 and 1.85 Ga,when the two blocks collided above an east dipping subduc-tion zone.The model of Kusky ...  相似文献