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1.
新疆若羌县红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面出露厚约300 m的新元古界成冰系冰沟南组的细粒沉积物和碳酸盐岩等,并发现有沥青油气显示。通过厚160 m左右硅质岩剖面实测以及岩石学、地球化学等研究表明: 红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面中的硅质岩主要由石英、黏土构成,有微量的含铁、锰、磷的独立矿物;具有隐晶质、微晶石英和粗-巨晶石英“镶嵌结构”3种结构类型;硅质岩中SiO2、Fe2O3、Ba和δEun值相对较高,Al2O3、MnO、MnO/TiO2、U/Th和Sr/Ba值较低,∑REE、Sr/Ba、MnO2/TiO2和δCen值等呈现有规律的变化;δ30Si值平均为-0.43‰(-0.8‰~0.3‰),$\delta^{18}O_{Snow}$值平均为20.42‰(16.0‰~26.0‰),估算的平均温度为90 ℃(52~127 ℃),指示了硅质岩具有多个沉积旋回,在海水与热水参与的大陆边缘盆地中沉积,并经历了早成岩期、浅埋藏期以及与多期走滑断裂活动有关的热流体与大气淡水的叠加改造。 相似文献
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扬子陆核崆岭高级变质地体内出露一套强变形的基性-超基性岩岩石组合, 主要呈似层状、透镜状分布于崆岭群中, 该套变基性-超基性岩组合对扬子陆块早期构造演化过程具有重要意义.通过同位素稀释法(isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry, 简称ID-TIMS)获得该套岩石组合中蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1063±12Ma, 说明Sm-Nd同位素体系可用于对超低含量、发生强蚀变作用的超基性岩样品进行定年.样品Nd同位素组成相对均一(εNd(t)值为6.90~7.32), 表明形成于封闭体系中, 其对应Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.13~1.09Ga, 与形成年龄接近, 说明来自亏损软流圈地幔部分熔融.结合区域上已有的中元古代末期到新元古代早期构造岩浆事件研究, 认为在该时期扬子陆块可能由多个微陆块组成, 就扬子陆核而言, 其与扬子陆块西侧之间很可能存在分隔的大洋. 相似文献
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The Ediacara mineral field is situated 30 km W of Beltana on the western margins of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, and consists of silver‐lead and copper deposits in lower Cambrian carbonate rocks that contain anomalous base‐metal contents throughout the Adelaide Geosyncline. The lower Cambrian rocks, which consist of the basal Parachilna Formation and overlying Ajax Limestone, rest disconformably on the Precambrian, and at Ediacara occupy a shallow N‐S elongate syncline near the hinge zone of the Adelaide Geosyncline. The main primary ore minerals of the silver‐lead mineralization are galena and pyrite, with very minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and rare tetrahedrite and pearceite. The gangue consists mainly of silica (both chalcedony and quartz), with minor dolomite and rare barite. The mineralization is stratabound and occurs in conformable zones, the lowest of which commences about 30–50 m above the base of the Cambrian sequence. The host to the silver‐lead mineralization, the Ajax Limestone, can be subdivided into three units which represent a set of lithologies, structures and organic traces indicative of a shallow near‐shore carbonate environment. The silver‐lead mineralization is mainly present in sandy and laminated dolomites which were deposited in an environment ranging from sub‐tidal to bar and channel and tidal flat, respectively. Four types of mineralization have been recognized; disseminated sulphides of syngenetic and/or diagenetic origin and epigenetic concentrations along stylolites, in veins and as breccia fillings. Post‐depositional solution activity has affected a large proportion of the carbonate sequence. The effects of this activity range from stylolites through stylobreccias to solution collapse breccias. The epigenetic concentrations of mineralizations have apparently been formed by the remobilization of the disseminated sulphides during solution activity. The ore and gangue minerals of the epigenetic mineralization display both euhedral forms and distinct colloform banding, and framboidal textures have also been observed in both pyrite and galena. There is evidence of repeated episodic precipitation and no simple paragenetic sequence can be recognized. Fluid inclusions in silica and dolomite associated with the epigenetic mineralization have homogenization temperatures of 159 to 199°C and freezing temperatures that indicate the fluids to be saline brines containing NaCl with CaCl2 and/or MgCl2. Sulphur isotope analyses show a range of 834S values from ‐12.5 to +8.6 per mil, with no evidence of significant differences between the four types of mineralization. The data suggest deposition of the disseminated sulphides as a result of biological reduction of seawater sulphate in a system partially open with respect to sulphate supply. Subsequent remobilization of sulphides apparently involved little or no sulphur isotope fractionation. The Ediacara silver‐lead deposits have many features in common with Mississippi Valley‐type lead‐zinc deposits and appear to have similarities in terms of genesis, in that the epigenetic mineralization has been formed as a result of post‐depositional solution activity during diagenesis in a sedimentary basin. The scale of transport of the metals deposited as the epigenetic mineralization at Ediacara appears, however, to have been very much less than that of the metals in other Mississippi Valley‐type deposits. 相似文献
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The development of the Lancaster Sound Trough Mouth Fan (TMF) and glacial history in Arctic Canada were studied using a high‐resolution seismic profile across the entire fan and two piston cores. Stacked tills separated by erosion surfaces on the shelf pass seaward through till deltas into thick transparent glacigenic debris flow (GDF) deposits on the slope, separated by thin, well‐stratified glaciomarine layers. An age model was built by ties to the Ocean Drilling Program Site 645. The deepest GDF on the seismic profile was indicative of the onset of shelf‐crossing glaciation in the Early Pleistocene. The transition of the growth of Lancaster Sound TMF from an aggradational sequence (unit M) to an aggradational–progradational sequence (unit F) occurred at the Middle Pleistocene transition in glacial cyclicity. In the most recent glacial cycle, GDF sheets were deposited during Heinrich events 4 and 2 according to the correlation of the main detrital carbonate beds in two piston cores. The outmost till wedge reflects the maximum advance of the grounding glacier, far seaward of previously proposed Last Glacial Maximum ice extent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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运用岩相学研究理论和元素地球化学研究理论,针对冀北赤城二堡子片麻状角闪二长岩,进行岩相学(4件样品)和地球化学分析(4件样品),结果表明:角闪二长岩的矿物成分为斜长石(30%~35%)、碱性长石(25%~30%)、角闪石(15%~20%)、石英(10%~15%)和黑云母(5%~10%)等。岩石中w(SiO2)介于60.16%~62.16%之间,w(K2O+Na2O)为8.56%~8.82%,稀土总量较高(ΣREE为246.30×10-6~317.76×10-6),(La/Yb)N值为28.18~42.79,具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的分配模式,Eu异常(Eu/Eu*值为0.90~1.03)及Ce异常(Ce/Ce*值为0.91~0.98)均不明显,富集大离子亲石元素(如Ba,Rb,Sr和Th等)及轻稀土元素(如La,Ce和Nd等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Zr和Hf等)。角闪二长岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为243.1Ma±1.8 Ma,锆石的Th/U比值为0.709~1.258,表明其形成于三叠纪,应该是中生代印支期岩浆作用的产物,这是赤城地区确定的第二个印支期中酸性侵入岩体,其形成可能与赤城-崇礼断裂带在印支期重新活动有关。赤城印支期角闪二长岩体的确定表明赤城、崇礼地区存在印支期(~239Ma^243Ma)岩浆-变质-构造热事件,这对于冀北大地构造演化特征的确定具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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西藏南部印度-亚洲碰撞带岩石圈: 岩石学-地球化学约束 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
拟以岩石学和地球化学的研究为基础, 结合地球物理与构造地质学的研究成果, 从一个侧面探讨青藏高原岩石圈、特别是印度-亚洲主碰撞带岩石圈结构、组成及今后进一步的研究方向.印度-亚洲主碰撞带具有青藏高原最厚的地壳, 由初生地壳及再循环地壳两类不同性质的地壳构成; 青藏巨厚地壳是由于构造增厚及地幔物质注入(通过岩浆作用) 增厚两种机制形成的.碰撞以来藏南地壳加厚主要发生在约50~25Ma期间.青藏岩石圈地幔在地球化学和岩石学上是不均一的, 至少存在3种地球化学端元: (1) 新特提斯大洋岩石圈端元; (2) 印度陆下岩石圈端元; (3) 新特提斯闭合前青藏原有的岩石圈端元.在青藏高原还发现了一批壳幔深源岩石包体及高压-超高压矿物, 对于认识青藏深部有重要的意义.可以识别出青藏高原现今存在3种岩石圈结构类型: 第1种, 增厚的岩石圈(帕米尔型); 第2种, 减薄的岩石圈(冈底斯型); 第3种, 加厚-减薄-再加厚的岩石圈(羌塘型).这3类岩石圈是否在时间上具有先后顺序, 尚无明确的证据, 需要在今后加以注意.研究表明, 沿冈底斯带后碰撞钾质-超钾质火山活动, 可能与新特提斯洋俯冲板片在后碰撞阶段的断离及印度大陆岩石圈向青藏的持续俯冲作用有关, 但西段、中段与东段的动力学机制不相同.在青藏高原北部地区(羌塘、可可西里等地区), 后碰撞钾质-超钾质火山活动, 可能与波状外向扩展式的软流圈上隆引起的减压熔融有关.在高原北缘西昆仑、玉门等地区, 其形成机制可能为大规模走滑断层引起的减压熔融.青藏高原后碰撞火成活动具有明显而有规律的时空迁移.同碰撞的林子宗火山活动在65Ma左右始于冈底斯南部, 标志印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的开始.于45Ma左右火山活动向北迁移到羌塘-“三江”北段, 开始了后碰撞火山活动; 然后自内向外迁移, 即北向可可西里、南向冈底斯(在冈底斯内部又自西向东)、东向西秦岭迁移; 最后(6Ma以来), 再分别向高原的西北、东北、东南三隅迁移.结合已有地球物理资料, 一种可能的解释是它可能暗示由印度和亚洲大陆板块碰撞所诱发的深部物质(如中-下地壳、软流圈地幔物质) 流动. 相似文献