中国沿海常见蜑螺科贝类的DNA条形码   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晓洁  孔令锋  李琪 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):614-623

DNA条形码不仅为物种鉴定提供了有效方法,而且也有助于分类学和生物多样性研究。本研究旨在探讨将COI和16S rRNA基因序列应用于中国沿海蜑螺科贝类物种鉴定的可行性,获得了该科3属7种贝类61个个体的COI和16S rRNA基因序列。基于COI基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00—1.29%,平均为0.67%;属内种间遗传距离为4.62%—19.25%,平均为13.02%;基于16S rRNA基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00%—0.48%,平均为0.23%;属内种间遗传距离为2.47%—8.48%,平均为6.37%。两种基因序列在所研究的蜑螺中,种内遗传差异均小于种间遗传差异,存在明显的条形码间隙,所有物种在系统发生树上都表现为独立的单系群。结果表明,线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因序列可以作为DNA条形码标准基因对蜑螺科贝类进行有效地物种鉴定。  相似文献   

土地利用和气候变化对海河流域蒸散发时空变化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄葵  卢毅敏  魏征  陈鹤  张宝忠  马文津 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(12):1888-1902

蒸散发（ET）是水文能量循环和气候系统的关键环节,研究ET的时空变化特征及其响应土地利用和气候变化的驱动机制对于理清流域水资源和气候变化的关系具有重要的意义。本文基于MOD16/ET数据集定量分析了海河流域2000-2014年ET的时空变化特征,并结合时序气温降水数据和土地利用数据,采用相关分析方法定量探索了ET与气候因子的驱动力关系。结果表明：① 海河流域2000-2014年ET表现为较为显著的空间分布格局,呈现出北部和南部高、西北部和中东部低的分布特性。不同土地利用类型的多年ET呈林地>草地>耕地>其他类型的特征;② 2000-2014年海河流域年均ET波动范围为371.96~441.29 mm/a,多年ET的均值为398.69 mm/a,平均相对变化率为-0.41%,整体呈下降趋势;③ 多年月ET与气温和降水均呈单峰型周期性变化趋势,年内月ET呈单峰变化趋势;④ 春秋两季的ET与降水和气温的相关性明显高于其他季节,ET与气温和降水的平均相关系数是-0.17和0.37,表明降水对于ET的响应程度强于气温;⑤ 驱动分区结果表明海河流域ET受气候因子驱动的主要类型是降水驱动型和降水、气温共同驱动型;⑥ 海河流域耕地ET变化气候因子驱动模式主要是降水、气温共同驱动型;林地、草地的驱动模式主要气温驱动型和降水驱动型,其他土地利用类型的驱动模式主要是受其他因素驱动。该研究将对海河流域水资源开发管理和区域气候调节起到科学指导作用。  相似文献   

基于线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因的中国沿海相手蟹系统发育研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐岩  潘红平  阎冰  高霆炜  吴斌  杨明柳 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):63-71

相手蟹科的诸多种类因其形态极其相似成为方蟹总科分类中疑问较多的一个类群。通过对中国沿海相手蟹线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因序列进行分子系统发育分析，结果表明14种相手蟹COI和16S rRNA基因序列之间差异分别为5.7%～14.5%和1.5%～12.1%，均达到了种间差异水平。构建的系统发育树显示，14种相手蟹分别为独立有效物种，但分属于拟相手蟹属和近相手蟹属的4种拟相手蟹和3种近相手蟹，没有分别形成2个独立的支系，而是混合聚成一大支系。而属于螳臂相手蟹属的无齿螳臂相手蟹则首先与属于中相手蟹属的中华中相手蟹聚成一支，再与红螯螳臂相手蟹聚为一大支，表现出与形态分类的不一致。错综复杂的分子系统关系预示着相手蟹类为多系起源，也表明它们之间的种间关系乃至于属间关系尚有诸多问题有待进一步厘定。  相似文献   

Molecular and morphometric characterisation of the invasive signal crayfish populations in Croatia     

《Limnologica》2017

The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) is a native species to North America. It was introduced to Europe and Japan where it rapidly spread as an invasive species. In Croatia, it is recorded in the rivers Mura and Drava, where it spread downstream from Slovenia, and in the Korana River, where it has been recently illegally introduced. In the invaded areas, signal crayfish outcompetes native crayfish species. Since the knowledge on the genetic diversity of this invasive species is limited, microsatellite markers and sequences of mitochondrial gene for 16S rRNA were analysed to explore the genetic relations between the two Croatian populations (Mura and Korana rivers) as well as their relation to other already studied European populations. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequence fragments of Croatian samples were compared with those from the native range in the west North America. Morphometric characteristics were also studied to determine if there are significant differences between studied populations and if these are concordant with the genetic analyses results. Also, morphometric data were used to assign Croatian signal crayfish into subspecies classification according to Miller’s discriminant function formula, and to compare claw surface area among Croatian, Japanese and North American populations. Based on the results of morphometric characteristics Croatian samples showed Pacifastacus leniusculus leniusculus-like morphology. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on 16S rRNA, positioned Croatian samples into P. leniusculus sensu Larson et al. (2012). Results on microsatellite markers showed that the genetic diversity of P. leniusculus in the Mura River population is slightly higher compared to the Korana River population, but these two populations do not form separated genetic clusters. This study contributes to the knowledge on genetic variability and morphometric characteristics of signal crayfish in Europe and further understanding of its success as an invasive species.  相似文献   

矛尾复虾虎鱼溃疡病病原创伤弧菌的鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕可然  张晓君  梁利国  阎斌伦 《海洋科学》2011,35(7):20-25

2009年8月江苏连云港赣榆县多家虾蟹养殖塘混养的矛尾复虾虎鱼（砂nechogobius hasta）大量死亡．从病鱼深层溃烂组织及肝脏中分离出大量优势生长的细菌,人工感染试验证明分离菌对虾虎鱼的半数致死量（LD,0）为1．63×10^6cfu／g。对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性和分子生物学等方面的分析。一方面．分离...  相似文献   

Fine‐scale diet of the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) using DNA‐based analysis of faeces          下载免费PDF全文

Kristian J. Peters  Kathy Ophelkeller  Nathan J. Bott  Bruce E. Deagle  Simon N. Jarman  Simon D. Goldsworthy 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):347-367

We applied DNA‐based faecal analysis to determine the diet of female Australian sea lions (n = 12) from two breeding colonies in South Australia. DNA dietary components of fish and cephalopods were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and mitochondrial DNA primers targeting the short (~100 base pair) section of the 16S gene region. Prey diversity was determined by sequencing ~50 amplicons generated from clone libraries developed for each individual. Faecal DNA was also combined and cloned from multiple individuals at each colony and fish diversity determined. Diets varied between individuals and sites. Overall, DNA analysis identified a broad diversity of prey comprising 23 fish and five cephalopod taxa, including many species not previously described as prey of the Australian sea lion. Labridae (wrasse), Monacanthidae (leatherjackets) and Mullidae (goat fish) were important fish prey taxa. Commonly identified cephalopods were Octopodidae (octopus), Loliginidae (calamary squid) and Sepiidae (cuttlefish). Comparisons of fish prey diversity determined by pooling faecal DNA from several samples provided a reasonable but incomplete resemblance (55–71%) to the total fish diversity identified across individual diets at each site. Interpretation of diet based on the recovery of prey hard‐parts identified one cephalopod beak (Octopus sp.) and one fish otolith (Parapriacanthus elongatus). The present study highlights the value of DNA‐based analyses and their capabilities to enhance information of trophic interactions.  相似文献   

伶鼬榧螺(Oliva mustelina)的分子鉴定及其形态变异     

李海涛  何薇  周鹏  陈凯彪  董燕红 《海洋学报》2015,37(4):117-123

根据榧螺螺旋部的差异可将其分为两种不同的形态类型,类型Ⅰ(MorphotypeⅠ)的个体螺旋部陷入体螺层中,其壳顶与前部数螺层愈合;类型Ⅱ(MorphotypeⅡ)的个体螺旋部高出壳顶,缝合线明显,此类型可明确鉴定为伶鼬榧螺(Oliva mustelina)。本研究通过线粒体COⅠ和16SrRNA基因序列的分析对两种形态类型的榧螺进行了分子鉴定。结果表明:两种形态类型的榧螺含有共享的单倍型;不同形态类型间的遗传距离和同一形态类型内的遗传距离重叠;两者的单系性在系统发育分析中没有得到显现,而是共同构成一个单系。因此,两种形态类型的个体均为伶鼬榧螺。类型Ⅰ可能是伶鼬榧螺中一种少见的有别于典型个体的形态变异类型。  相似文献   

中国南海一株固氮类芽孢杆菌的筛选和分离鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张丽红  刘艳芳  胡青平 《海洋科学》2015,39(3):100-105

为了解中国南海海洋自生固氮菌的种类,作者对采集的南海海底淤泥样品进行了固氮微生物的分离、筛选及鉴定。经过土样沸水加热处理,无氮培养基平板初筛后,对分离获得的细菌固氮酶结构基因nif H进行扩增,并对其固氮酶活性进行检测,最终获得一株能够产芽孢的固氮细菌。对该菌株进行生理生化性状测定、16S r DNA序列分析(Gen Bank登录号KJ627376),并基于nif H、16S r DNA系统进化树分析,确定该菌为一株固氮类芽孢菌(Paenibacillus sp.)NH-1。本研究表明固氮类芽孢杆菌在海洋中确有分布,海洋自生固氮菌的多样性远远超出人们之前的认识。  相似文献   

青岛潮间带沉积物可培养厌氧细菌多样性的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王雅苹  史晓翀  于少兰  张晓华 《海洋科学》2015,39(3):92-99

为了验证设计的简易厌氧培养方法,作者以青岛潮间带沉积物为研究对象,采用5种培养基,从青岛潮间带沉积物共分离获得138株厌氧细菌。16S r DNA序列分析表明,这些细菌分属3个门15个属32个种,其中γ-变形菌纲64株18个种,在种类上处于优势地位;此外还包括δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)16株2个种,ε-变形菌纲4株1个种,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)29株8个种,梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)25株3个种。在属水平上,弧菌属(Vibrio)、Marinifilum属、泥杆菌属(Ilyobacter)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)在数量上占优势。此外,有26株8种细菌(占总菌株数的18.84%)与已知菌的同源性介于89.38%~94.22%,为潜在的海洋细菌新科或新属,表明此简易厌氧菌培养方法在获得新菌方面具有较大优势。另外,研究结果还表明,不同培养基对特定的类群具有选择性:2216E培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高;SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势(占新菌数62.5%),且这些新菌大多属于拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门,其中SPG-1培养基对于分离硫酸盐还原菌和难培养的ε-变形菌纲细菌具有优势,SPG-4培养基对分离硝酸盐还原菌具有优势。  相似文献   

Direct PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from single microbial cells isolated from an Antarctic iceberg using laser microdissection microscopy     

Katsuhiko Yanagihara  Hironori Niki  Tomoya Baba 《Polar Science》2011,5(3):375-382

Here, we describe a technique that allows the genetic linage analysis of 16S rRNA genes in bacteria observed under a microscope. The technique includes the isolation of microbial cells using a laser microdissection microscope, lysis of the cells, and amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the isolated cells without interference by bacterial DNA contamination from the experimental environment or reagents. Using this technique, we successfully determined 15 16S rRNA gene sequences in cells isolated from an Antarctic iceberg. These sequences showed 94%–100% identity to their closest strains, which included bacteria that occur in aqueous, marine, and soil environments.  相似文献