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1.
有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应──Ⅱ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对扁藻和金藻光合作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于1991年4月-1992年1月，分别用不同浓度的三苯基氯化锡（TPTC）和三丁基氯化锡（TBTC）培养扁藻和金藻，测定24，48和72h两种藻的净光合速率和生长速率。结果表明，TBTC对两种藻的毒性大于TPTC；TPTC和TBTC在浓度为0．2μg／L时，对两种蕉的光合作用有轻微影响；浓度大干0．4μ/L，两种藻的光合作用不同程度地受到抑制。扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻：扁藻用两种锡处理后，第一天受害最严重，第二天和第三天光合速率开始恢复；金藻经TPTC处理后随时间加长光合速率稍有恢复，而经TBTC处理后则未出现恢复现象。 相似文献
2.
Imposex was measured in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, from the coast of the Korean peninsula. Frequency of imposex was 0% at two reference sites, but at 47 out of 61 sites, frequency of imposex was recorded as 100%. The degree of imposex was relatively high at the sites near a harbor and a shipyard. Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations in T. clavigera ranged from 5 to 508 ng/g and from 3 to 2460 ng/g, respectively. A significant positive relationship was found between degree of imposex and organotin concentration, whereas a significant negative relationship was obtained between female-to-male sex ratio and the degree of imposex. During a field transplantation of T. clavigera from a pristine area to a port, TBT and TPT were accumulated in T. clavigera, and imposex was induced. T. clavigera shows considerable potential as a bioindicator species of the adverse effects of TBT and TPT contamination. 相似文献
3.
Horiguchi T Kojima M Takiguchi N Kaya M Shiraishi H Morita M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):817-822
Histological examination of gonads as well as chemical analysis of organotin compounds in tissues of the giant abalone, Haliotis madaka, was conducted to evaluate continuing endocrine disruption in abalone populations in Japan. Abalone specimens were collected from two different areas, Tsushima as a reference site and Jogashima as a site representative of declining abalone populations where serious organotin contamination had been observed, each month from January 1998 to March 1999. Scores were given to the development stages of reproductive cells in the ovary and testis. The degree of sexual maturation was evaluated by calculating the mean value of a histogram of these scores for the reproductive cells of each abalone. The temporal variations in degree of sexual maturation showed that female and male abalone from Tsushima matured synchronously, while those from Jogashima did not, which were similar to results of the previous study during September 1995–November 1996. Approximately 19% of the female abalone from Jogashima were masculinized with an ovo-testis, which was also similar to the result of the previous study. The masculinization of female abalone is reported to be induced by tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) from antifouling paints. Concentrations of the sum of butyltins (TBT, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT): ΣBTs) and the sum of phenyltins (TPhT, diphenyltin (DPhT) and monophenyltin (MPhT): ΣPhTs) in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 7.8 ± 9.0 ng/g wet wt. and 4.5 ± 6.8 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 4.7 ± 4.9 ng/g wet wt. and 0.8 ± 1.7 ng/g wet wt., respectively (p < 0.05 for ΣBTs; p < 0.001 for ΣPhTs), although concentrations of TBT and TPhT in the muscle of abalone from Jogashima (n = 73) of 2.2 ± 2.5 ng/g wet wt. and 5.8 ± 5.1 ng/g wet wt., respectively, were insignificantly and significantly higher than those from Tsushima (n = 87) of 0.4 ± 0.6 ng/g wet wt. and 0.5 ± 0.9 ng/g wet wt., respectively, (p > 0.05 for TBT; p < 0.001 for TPhT). Thus, endocrine disruption as well as contamination by organotins in the giant abalone from Jogashima is still persisting. 相似文献
4.
三苯基氯化锡对黑褐新糠虾的毒性效应 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
于 1 992年 7月在青岛胶州湾西岸采集黑褐新糠虾 ,经实验室常年培养驯化后作为实验材料 ,研究了三苯基氯化锡 (TPTC)的急性毒性效应及其对糠虾繁殖、生殖周期和种群的慢性毒性影响。结果表明 ,在急性毒性实验中 ,TPTC对糠虾的半致死浓度为 2 5× 1 0 - 9g/L( 2 4hLC50 )和 1 5× 1 0 - 9g/L( 4 8hLC50 ) ;慢性毒性实验结果表明 ,TPTC能影响糠虾种群的世代繁殖 ,2× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC能使糠虾首次生育的年龄延迟 3d ,产幼总数比对照组减少80 %以上 ,1× 1 0 - 9— 2× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC能导致糠虾生殖周期延长 3— 4d ,在生殖期内的死亡率上升 30 %— 55% ,暴露于 0 2 5× 1 0 - 9— 2 0 0× 1 0 - 9g/LTPTC中的糠虾其子代的在 6× 1 0 - 9g/LTPTC中存活能力下降。可以认为 ,1× 1 0 - 9g/L的TPTC可导致糠虾种群的衰亡。 相似文献
5.
原子吸收光谱仪用于沉积物中锡分析的方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９４－１９９６年间,利用原子吸收光谱仪,对沉积物中有机锡和总锡的石墨炉原子吸收分析方法进行了优化,探讨了分析过程中的仪器条件和改进剂类型。优化后方法的检出限为 ２．４５μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,特征浓度（相当于产生 １％净吸收或 ０．００４ ４吸光度的待测元素浓度）为４８２μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）。在这一条件下,采用盐酸酸化－正己烷萃取－氢氧化钠回洗－硝酸氧化的预处理方法,可以使沉积物样品中三苯基氯化锡（Ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｉｎ, ＴＰＴ）的检出限达到４１ｎｇ／ｇ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,回收率为 １０６％。应用这一方法对野外模拟实验和黄岛电厂出水口的沉积物样品进行了分析,结果表明,这一方法能够满足对沉积物样品中锡进行分析的要求。 相似文献
6.
Organotin contamination in seafood and its implication for human health risk in Hong Kong 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Organotins (OTs) have caused widespread adverse effects on marine organisms, while they can also induce health problems to humans via consumption of contaminated seafood. This study aimed to quantify the tissue concentrations of OTs in 11 seafood species in Hong Kong, and assess the human health risk for consuming these species. The tongue sole Paraplagusia blochii had the highest concentration of total OTs. Triphenyltin (TPT) accounted for 56–97% of total OTs. The highest hazard quotient (HQ) for TPT was 1.41 in P. blochii, while the HQs for butyltins were much less than 1. The results indicated that it is likely to have certain health risks for consuming P. blochii due to its high TPT contamination. Therefore, TPT should be a priority pollutant of concern. Appropriate management actions should be taken to control its use and release in the region in order to safeguard the marine ecosystem and human health. 相似文献
7.
有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应
──Ⅱ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对扁藻和金藻光合作用的影响
总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19于１９９１年４月－１９９２年１月，分别用不同浓度的三苯基氯化锡和三丁基氯化锡培养扁藻和金藻，测定２４，４８和７２ｈ两种藻的净光合速率和生长速率。结果表明，ＴＢＴＣ对两种藻的毒性大于ＴＰＴＣ；ＴＰＴＣ和ＴＢＴＣ在浓度为０．２μｇ／Ｌ时，对两种藻的光合作用有轻微影响；浓度大于０．４μｇ／Ｌ，两种藻的光合作用不同程序地受到抑制。扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻：扁藻用两种锡处理后，第一天受害最严重，第二天和 相似文献
8.
To examine the accumulation pattern of organotins (OTs) in relation to the migration of diadromous fish, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) and their derivatives were determined in the muscle tissue of both sea-run (anadromous) and freshwater-resident (nonanadromous) types of the white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis. Ontogenic changes in otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined along life history transect to discriminate migration type. Mean Sr:Ca ratio from the core to the edge of the otolith in sea-run individuals was significantly higher than those in freshwater-resident one. There were no significant correlations in S. leucomaenis between OT accumulation and various biological characteristics. It is noteworthy that TBT and TPT concentrations in sea-run type were significantly higher than those in freshwater-resident individuals, although they are both of the same species. These results suggest that sea-run S. leucomaenis have a higher ecological risk of OT exposure than freshwater-residents during their life histories. 相似文献
9.
有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应 Ⅰ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对光合色素含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
于1991年4月－1992年五月，以金藻和扁藻为材料，用室内一次培养法研究三苯基锡（TPTC）和三丁基锡（TBTC）化合物对光合色素含量的影响。结果表明，两种有机锡对两种藻均有影响，在0．2—0．4μg／L的浓度时有轻微毒性；浓度大于0．5μg／L时，能使光合色素明显减少。对于两种藻叶绿素a72hEC50影响结果：TBTC和TPTC对金藻的均为0．59μg／L；对扁藻的，TBTC是0．87μg／L，而TPTC本出现半效应浓度。对于两种藻的类胡萝卜素72hEC50影响结果：金藻，TPTC是0．57μg／L，TBTC是0．49μg／L；扁藻，TBTC是0．89μg／L，TPTC也未出现半效应浓度。认为，两种有机锡对光合色素有明显的破坏作用。 相似文献
10.
Organotin compounds (OTs) have caused widespread adverse effects on marine organisms. As no local restrictions on OT-based antifouling paints have been implemented in China, high concentrations of OTs still occur in coastal environments. In this study, we measured the imposex status and tissue concentrations of OTs in the whelk Reishia clavigera collected along the coast of Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay of Shenzhen, China in 2013. Our results showed that all female whelks suffered from the onset of imposex. The highest concentration of total OTs was 27,756 μg kg−1 dry weight in the samples collected from Shuitousha. Triphenyltin was the most predominant residue, accounting for more than 97.8% of total OTs across all sites. Compared with the results from previous studies, the marine environment of this region is still heavily contaminated with OTs. Therefore, a tightened control is necessary to regulate the use and release of OTs in China. 相似文献