Comment on Garg et al., . ‘Up‐scaling potential impacts on water flows from agricultural water interventions: opportunities and trade‐offs in the Osman Sagar catchment,Musi sub‐basin,India’. Hydrological Processes 27: 3905–3921          下载免费PDF全文

Jetske A. Bouma  Trent W. Biggs  Laurens M. Bouwer 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3350-3351

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碳市场与电力市场机制影响下发电机组成本分析与竞争力研究     

孙友源  郭振  张继广  秦亚琦 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(4):476-483

碳市场和电力市场将共同发挥市场对资源优化配置的决定性作用,对共同市场主体发电企业带来经营和发展挑战。在考虑碳成本的基础上,采用发电机组经济性影响模型,定量分析了碳市场不同发展阶段对发电机组发电成本的影响,定量评价不同能源结构投资收益经济性,以及对集中竞价市场出清顺序的影响。结果表明,随着有偿配额比例和碳价增加,碳成本占发电成本比例逐步攀升,燃煤机组碳成本占发电成本比例最高将达29%,燃气机组此比例达6%;在设定碳市场高比例配额有偿分配和高碳价情况下,煤电和气电单位发电收益逐步降低甚至出现亏损,远低于可再生能源,推动投资逐步向清洁高效火电机组和可再生能源倾斜;碳成本将成为竞价市场需考虑的重要因素,并影响发电机组出清顺序,进一步巩固高效率、低排放机组在集中竞价市场中的竞争力。  相似文献   

Would different methodologies for assessing carbon leakage exposure lead to different risk levels? A case study of the Brazilian industry     

Luan Santos  André F. P. Lucena  Rafael Garaffa 《Climate Policy》2019,19(9):1102-1116

Energy-intensive industries play an important role in low-carbon development, being particularly exposed to climate policies. Concern over possible carbon leakage in this sector poses a major challenge for designing effective carbon pricing instruments (CPI). Different methodologies for assessing carbon leakage exposure are currently used by different jurisdictions, each of them based on different approaches and indicators. This paper aims to analyse the extent to which the use of different methodologies leads to different results in terms of exposure to the risk of carbon leakage, using the Brazilian industry sector as a case study. Results indicate that carbon leakage exposure is an expected outcome of eventual CPI implementation in Brazilian industry. However, results vary according to the chosen methodology, so the definition of the criteria is paramount for assessing sectoral exposure to the risk of carbon leakage.

Key policy insights

• Despite increasing discussion about the implementation of carbon pricing on the Brazilian industrial sector, the evaluation of carbon leakage risks is still neglected.

• Assessments of the risk of carbon leakage are directly related to the indicators and criteria used by each methodology. Thus, a given subsector may present different levels of exposure to carbon leakage depending on the methodological choice.

• More than a purely technical discussion, the methodological definition of carbon leakage risk is a political discussion – it can be well-conducted, leading to the success of a CPI, or even sabotaged, by implicitly subsidizing energy-intensive industries.

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Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand     

《Marine Policy》2015

While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally.  相似文献   

内嵌式空间数据库优化器代价评估框架及实现     

颜勋  陈荣国  程昌秀  宋晓眉 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(6):726-730

传统的优化器缺乏空间数据分布统计信息和空间算子的支持,不能评估和生成有效的查询执行计划。对此,提出了包含空间执行算子的一体化评估框架,根据重要属性及元组流属性实现了执行计划自底向上的代价推演计算。通过服务器端编程实现了利用概率累计扩展空间直方图模型描述空间数据的统计信息,并通过优化器接口计算空间谓词选择率,为优化器提供更为准确的代价参数,改进了评估的准确度。实验结果表明,采用此方法进行涉及空间查询的计算,理论代价估计与实际执行代价具有相对一致性,在统计值完整的情况下能够准确地估算实际较优的执行计划。  相似文献   

房地产计税价格批量评估实证研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

耿继进  何素芳 《地理空间信息》2011,9(3):27-31

结合批量评估的技术思路,以深圳市二手住宅计税价格批量评估为例,构建了以长期趋势法,成本法为基本原理,结合地理信息技术(GIS)的批量评估模型,并提出研究结论与未来发展设想.  相似文献   

城市高架桥合理抗震体系选择与经济性对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

管仲国  李建中 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(3):91-98

探讨了基于两水准设防的城市高架桥的合理抗震设防标准与相应的结构性能目标.选取两座典型的城市高架桥结构,包括一座正线桥和一座匝道桥,分别采用延性抗震体系和减、隔震体系进行结构抗震设计.对比了不同结构抗震体系所对应的结构在各水准地震作用下具体抗震性能表现,结果表明减、隔震体系具有更优的抗震性能.在此基础上,进一步从经济性的...  相似文献   

Regional difference in social capital and its impact on regional economic growth in China     

Fenghua Pan  Canfei He 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(5):442-449

Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development. China is a country with high stocks of social capital. Using several different indicators of social capital, this study tries to research the regional disparities in social capital and the influence of social capital on economic growth of China in 1978–2004. Measuring social capital with indicators of associations, charities and blood donation rates, this study finds significant regional disparities in social capital at provincial level in China. Those indicators for social capital are highly correlated with regional economic performance. Statistical analysis shows that social capital has a significant and positive effect on a long-term provincial economic growth. This relationship exists after controlling policy, macro location factors, and per capita GDP in the initial year. The empirical findings indicate that institutions, culture and social relations are critical for regional development in China. Therefore, the creation and support of social capital should be paid more attention to when making regional policy.  相似文献   

次区域合作及其发展的成因——一个跨学科视角的分析     

胡志丁  骆华松  夏显芳  阳茂庆 《世界地理研究》2010,19(2):34-41

次区域合作诞生于20世纪80年代末、90年代初,但从一开始起对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的理解就存在许多不同的见解。同时由于次区域合作涉及边境地区,合作的领域又极其广泛,对次区域合作产生的成因没有定论。本文对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的定义重新做了界定,对次区域合作的分类及其相互影响、特征等作了阐述,并且从经济学、国际关系学、国际贸易学和地缘政治学等不同学科角度对次区域合作发展的成因进行了理论解释,以期促使我国更好的参与周边次区域合作。  相似文献   

山地森林采伐作业的环境成本定量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑丽凤  周新年 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

在森林采运作业的成本核算中,不仅要考虑采运作业的各项劳动消耗和物化劳动,还应合理考虑到森林采运作业的环境成本.以天然林择伐试验样地的跟踪调查数据为基础,从涵养水源价值、保持水土价值、固碳释氧价值3方面对南方丘陵山地不同强度采伐经营的环境成本进行定量研究.结果表明,弱度择伐环境成本较小,仅1.7 元/m~3,中度、强度择伐环境成本分别为弱度的5.1、12.2倍,极强度择伐的环境成本最大,达到25.3 元/m~3,是弱度择伐的16.2倍;皆伐由于收获量大,其单位采伐量环境成本为弱度择伐的14.9倍,低于极强度采伐.研究结果有助于人们对林业生产的效益有进一步的认识,也期待能对继续本领域的研究有参考价值.  相似文献