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湘中盆地西部构造变形的运动学特征及成因机制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
湘中盆地中部的大乘山 龙山EW向隆起将湘中盆地分为涟源和邵阳两个次级凹陷。湘中盆地西部上古生界盖层中主体构造为NE—NNE向褶皱和逆断裂,前人认为其变形与向北西的逆冲推覆有关。本文对湘中盆地西部进行了多条构造剖面调查,结果表明：涟源凹陷西部上古生界褶皱轴面大多直立、部分斜歪;走向逆断裂及斜歪褶皱轴面大多倾向NW,少量倾向SE。大乘山背斜为一轴面倾向NWW的倒转背斜,背斜核部及两翼发育大量以NWW倾向为主的逆断裂,背斜内长安组劈理均倾向NWW。邵阳凹陷西部上古生界中走向逆断裂和倒转与斜歪褶皱轴面总体倾向NWW,局部反冲构造带断裂倾向SEE。湘中盆地盖层变形主要受控于盖层底部不整合界面及石炭纪测水组煤系地层的滑脱,部分断裂切入加里东褶皱基底。上述各次级构造单元变形特征表明湘中盆地西部逆冲推覆的总体方向为SE,而不是前人所认为的NW。研究表明湘中盆地NE—NNE向褶皱和逆断裂形成于中三叠世晚期的印支运动和中侏罗世晚期的早燕山运动。分析认为湘中盆地西部向SE逆冲,与雪峰造山带东缘向SE逆冲及城步 新化岩石圈断裂向NW俯冲有关。 相似文献
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贵州南盘江盆地发育一系列不同样式的穹隆状构造,其控制着低温矿床的分布,位于黔西南控制烂泥沟超大型金矿床的赖子山穹隆是其典型代表。在统计赖子山穹隆地层产状的基础上,通过π圆图解确定出轴迹分别为NW和NE向的稳定变形亚区,并依据亚区构造横剖面和几何投影解析得到亚区褶皱位态类型均为直立水平背斜。通过统计分析区内劈理并依据劈理与亚区褶皱轴面的平行关系筛选出轴面劈理,基于轴面劈理的切割关系、卷入变形的地层及前人获得的相关构造岩浆岩年代推断出组成赖子山穹隆亚区褶皱的发育时序,即NWSE向背斜发育于燕山早期,NNESSW向背斜发育于燕山晚期。基于地质构造分析,结合该地区地层岩石能干性强弱、地层缩短量和变形边界条件建立两个沙箱模型进行4组实验,通过改变软弱层材料、变形同时性模拟构造复合叠加和构造联合叠加的变形过程及样式,讨论影响叠加变形的因素。根据模拟结果,我们认为赖子山穹隆是NW向和NNE向纵弯直立水平褶皱经移褶性复合叠加形成的穹隆状构造,两期褶皱分别对应燕山早期雪峰山隆起对南盘江盆地的侧向挤压作用和燕山晚期黔西南由NW向SE的大型逆冲推覆作用;岩层能干性差异和构造变形的强弱是影响叠加褶皱构造样式和叠加类型的关键因素,当岩层能干性差异较大时,相对软弱的岩层起到分层变形作用,使得软弱层上下强硬层构造样式不同;后期变形较弱时,形成限制性、移褶性叠加褶皱,后期变形较强时,形成斜跨、横跨式叠加褶皱,分阶段变形形成复合叠加构造,同时变形或变形速度差较小时,形成弧形的联合叠加构造。 相似文献
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吕梁隆起是认识华北克拉通的重要窗口,对于克拉通的形成、保存与演化具有重要参考意义。目前对于吕梁隆起的构造样式及其演化特征的研究仍然偏弱。本文对吕梁隆起中段核部吴城镇白马仙洞一带的构造进行解析,通过野外地质调查,建立了东西向构造地质剖面,应用2D-Move、FaultFold软件对剖面进行反演与正演模拟,分析其构造样式与构造演化特点。研究认为：吕梁隆起核部在燕山期受到强烈的东西向挤压作用而发生隆升,早期在基底发育区域性滑脱面,滑脱面之上发育了两条逆断层（F1、F2）,上覆地层形成断层传播褶皱,基底发生滑脱卷入,此时处于快速隆升阶段;燕山期中期F1、F2逆断层持续活动,断层端点向上破裂至石炭系,此时处于慢速隆升阶段;燕山期晚期断层F1、F2持续向上突破所有地层,倾角达70°,东侧新产生一新的断层F3,上覆地层以及基底太古界花岗岩形成断层转折褶皱,进入快速隆升阶段;其后风化剥蚀最终形成现今构造格局。该区地层总缩短量为3.17 km,总缩短率为13.4%。本文为之后研究吕梁隆起的陆内构造变形及其矿产资源提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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贵州扬子准地台燕山期形成的褶皱主要由东西向、南北向、北西向、北东向和北北东向的褶皱先后叠加而成。不同地区,各方向褶皱表象明显程度不同,各方向褶皱主体形成的先后顺序依次为东西向,北西向、南北向和北北东向、北东向。叠加褶皱存在跨褶和推褶两大类。跨褶中横跨、斜跨和重褶三种形式都有。推褶中也有斜推和横推两种形式。 相似文献
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断层调整与控制作用下的叠加构造变形:以贵州地区燕山期构造为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
褶皱叠加方式与其形成的构造现象极为复杂。常见3种叠加方式为共轴叠加、横跨叠加和斜跨叠加。如果地质体均一,断层不发育,即会形成理想型叠加褶皱的构造样式。如果发育区域性大型断层,在不同方向的区域应力场作用下,加上地质体的不均一,就会在不同的区块内形成更为复杂的叠加褶皱与构造组合。贵州境内自古生代-中生代先后发育了5条切割基底的区域性断裂,至早中中生代,这些断层将区内切割为6个主要构造块体。在三叠纪之后的燕山构造运动期间,发生了强烈的构造叠加变形,早燕山期与晚燕山期区域应力场方向不同,使得不同区域断层的性质、位移发生变化,断层的多次活动起到了应力释放与调整作用,再加上块体地质结构的不均一性与软弱层的滑脱作用,最终在不同区块内发生了不同的褶皱叠加作用,形成了不同的褶皱构造样式与构造组合。 相似文献
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保存条件是影响页岩气富集高产的关键因素。本文综合利用地质、钻井等资料,分析了西昌盆地五峰组-龙马溪组的顶底板条件、构造特征、地层压力特征和气体组分,从宏观和微观两个方面对影响页岩气保存的主要指标进行了研究,在此基础上开展了西昌盆地保存条件综合评价。结果表明：盆地各凹陷主要由走滑-冲断带相隔,凹陷内地层缓倾,构造样式表现为宽缓-开阔褶皱,由于受到盆缘断裂冲断作用的影响,盆缘褶皱常表现为紧闭-闭合褶皱,地层近于直立,局部发生倒转;西昌盆地内部构造缩短量较少,缩短率均<20%,指示整个盆地内部构造变形强度较弱;盆地南部布拖区域,龙马溪组页岩可形成典型压力封存箱式地质结构,箱内与箱外存在一定压力系数差,箱内地层压力稳定,保存条件好;综合多期构造作用下的断裂和裂缝发育状况、隆升剥蚀、构造变形条件等因素,在西昌盆地东缘优选出昭觉和布拖两个页岩气有利区。 相似文献
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浙皖赣相邻区加里东期构造变形特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
浙皖赣相邻区在加里东时期受到华南加里东构造事件的影响,前震旦纪基底及早古生代早期盖层强烈隆升并褶皱变形,皖浙赣邻接部位早-中石炭世地层直接覆盖在中元古代浅变质岩系之上,东端清凉峰一带的中石炭统覆盖在上寒武统之上,但尚未见到有加里东期岩浆活动的证据.同时,古陆南侧及东侧震旦纪-早志留世盖层向南(东)滑脱,接触带附近与基底一并形成倒转产状及倒转褶皱;北侧向北滑脱形成滑覆褶皱及临溪盆地、兰田残留向斜盆地.印支、燕山事件对加里东构造形迹产生了不可忽略的改造,最终形成了基本延续至今的构造格局. 相似文献
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在东昆仑造山带的三叠纪洪水川群复理石岩系中,发育着两组斜歪－倒转褶皱：一组轴迹方向为北西向,与造山带主体构造线近一致;另一组为新发现的北东向,与造山带主体构造线近垂直,形成叠加褶皱．每一组褶皱均是压扁、纯剪切、纯剪切＋简单剪切三种变形机制的产物．北西向褶皱轴面的南西倒和北东向褶皱轴面的北西倒,与国内外典型的前陆盆地中的褶皱形态不尽相同,反映了动力基础是板块碰撞之后的近于垂直的北东及北西方向挤压应力相继作用下形成的叠加褶皱．北东向褶皱的发现,揭示了造山带中构造应力场的转换． 相似文献
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黔西北纳雍-水城一带位于扬子板块西南缘,区内断裂和褶皱极为发育。通过详细野外地质调查,并结合沉积地层接触关系,对区内构造行迹及其组合特征、构造变形期次和构造演化进行探讨。研究表明,震旦纪末至中侏罗世纳雍-水城一带经历了多次构造事件,特别是广西构造事件和印支期构造事件,导致明显的差异剥蚀,但均未造成地层褶皱变形,地层间表现为平行不整合接触。晚侏罗世以后的燕山构造期和喜山构造期才是区内发生构造变形的重要时期。纳雍-水城一带发育的NE-SW、NW-SE及近E-W向三组构造以及在NE-SW、NW-SE向两组构造交接转换部位发育的穹窿构造、构造盆地,均为侏罗纪晚期至早白垩世时期强烈构造事件的产物。其中NE-SW向褶皱及近E-W向断层先期形成,NW-SE向褶皱后期形成,并对先期形成的NE-SW向褶皱进行叠加改造。 相似文献
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黔西罐子窑地区位于扬子板块西南缘,自中生代进入板内发展阶段之后,发生了多期次复杂构造叠加变形。第一期变形(早燕山期:J3-K1)以自东向西挤压收缩为主,形成了近南北向的褶皱与断层构造体系,发育褶皱轴面以东倾、断层以向西逆冲滑脱占主导地位的变形特征。中上泥盆统火烘组、榴江组泥灰岩和硅质、钙质粘土岩为重要滑脱面,滑脱层本身变形复杂,其上部褶皱相对平滑开阔而下部褶皱相对紧闭。第二期变形(晚燕山期:K2-E)以自北向南挤压收缩为特点,横跨叠加在早期变形之上,表现为早期近南北向褶皱发生枢纽倾伏、断层发生张剪性活动,伴随多层次向南滑脱,在南部形成了轴面北倾的近东西向褶皱(局部倒转)和向南逆冲的断层,并切割南北向构造,喜山早期使得断裂再次活动与调整。区内铅锌矿体分为两类产出状态,一是顺层平缓产出,明显受顺层滑脱与低角度断层控制;另一类是陡倾产出,受陡倾张剪性断层控制。平缓者多形成于早、晚燕山期,而陡倾者多形成于构造转换期或喜山早期。 相似文献
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F. López Díaz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(1):151-163
The Navalpino Anticline is a major Variscan structure in the Central Iberian Zone of Spain. Three lithological groups are defined in the pre-Ordovician rocks of this anticline. The Rifean or Lower Vendian Extremeño Dome Group is unconformably overlain by the Upper Vendian Ibor-Navalpino Group. This latter group presents two different facies separated by a NW-SE trending synsedimentary fault. The Lower Cambrian Valdelacasa Group unconformably overlies both the Extremeno Dome and the Ibor-Navalpino Groups.Three pre-Variscan episodes of deformation have been defined in the area of the Navalpino Anticline. A major asymmetrical fold with a subvertical east-west-striking limb is the result of the first deformation event of pre-Late Vendian age. The second deformation event is of Cadomian (Late Precambrian) age and is composed of two stages; (i) an early extensional stage including NW - SE trending extensional fault and basin development in the north-eastern block; and (ii) a second compressive stage giving rise to north-south trending upright folds. This second compressive stage possibly inverted the basin. A final pre-Variscan deformation event took place between the Early Cambrian and the Early Ordovician resulting in a 5–10° tilting to the north-east.There are two main phases of Variscan deformation in the area. The first deformation event (Dv1) gave rise to a upright WNW - ESE trending folds on all scales, whereas the second (Dv2) gave rise to a brittle—ductile sinistral strike-slip shear zone tending subparallel to the axial trace of the Dv1 folds. 相似文献
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Multiple deformation in all the Precambrian metamorphic-migmatitic rocks has been reported from Rajasthan during the last
three decades. But, whereas the Aravalli Group and the Banded Gneissic Complex show similarity in the style and sequence of
structures in all their details, the rocks of the Delhi Group trace a partly independent trend. Isoclinal folds of the first
generation (AF1) in the rocks of the Aravalli Group had gentle westerly plunge prior to later deformations. These folds show reclined, inclined,
and upright attitude as a result of coaxial upright folding (AFla). Superposition of upright folds (AF2) of varying tightness, with axial plane striking N to NNE, has resulted in interference patterns of diverse types in the
scale of maps, and deformation of earlier planar and linear structures in the scale of hand specimens. The structures of the
third generation (AF3) are either open recumbent folds or reclined conjugate folds with axial planes dipping gently towards NE or SW. Structures
of the last phase are upright conjugate folds (AF4) with axial planes striking NNE-SSW and E-W.
The Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC) underlies the Aravalli Group with a conglomerate horizon at the contact, especially in southern
Rajasthan. But, for a major part of central and southern Rajasthan, migmatites representing BGC show a structural style and
sequence identical with those in the Aravalli Group. Migmatization, broadly synkinematic with the AF1 folding, suggests extensive remobilization of the basement. Very rare relict fabric athwart to and overprinted by structures
of AF, generation provide tangible evidence for a basement.
Although the structures of later phases in the rocks of the Delhi Group (DF3 and DF4) match with the late-phase structures in the Aravalli Group (AF3 and AF4), there is a contrast in the structural history of the early stages in the rocks of the two groups. The folds of the first
generation in the Delhi Group (DF1) were recumbent to reclined with gentle plunge towards N to NNE or S to SSW. These were followed by coaxial upright folds
of varying tightness (DF2). Absence of westerly trending AF1 folds in the Delhi Group, and extreme variation in plunge of the AF2 folds in contrast with the fairly constant plunge of the DF2 folds, provide evidence for an angular unconformity between the Aravalli and the Delhi Groups.
Depending on the importance of flattening attendant with and following buckling during AF2 deformation, the lineations of AF1 generation show different patterns. Where the AF1 lineations are distributed in circular cones around AF2 axes because of flexural-slip folding in layered rocks with high viscosity contrast, loci of early lineations indicate that
the initial orientation of the AF1 axes were subhorizontal, trending towards N280°.
The orientation of the axial planes of the earlier folds has controlled the development of the later folds. In sectors where
the AF, axial planes had N-S strike and gentle dips, or E-W strike with gentle to steep dips, nearly E-W horizontal compression
during AF2 deformation resulted in well-developed AF2 folds. By contrast, where the AF, axial planes were striking nearly N-S with steep dips, E-W horizontal compression resulted
in tightening (flattening) of the already isoclinal AF1 folds, and probably boudinage structures in some instances, without the development of any AF2 folds. A similar situation obtains when DF4 deformation is superposed on earlier structures. Where the dominant S-planes were subhorizontal, N-S compression during DF4 deformation resulted in either chevron folds with E-W striking axial plane or conjugate folds with axial plane striking NE
and NW. In zones with S-planes striking E-W and dipping steeply, the N-S compression resulted in flattening of the earlier
folds without development of DF4 folds. 相似文献
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A new 3D geological model and interpretation of structural evolution of the Rio Tinto world-class VMS deposit are presented in this work. The Rio Tinto volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is located in the Spanish segment of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and is hosted by felsic porphyritic volcanic rocks and tuffs. Computer generated 3D modeling of the different orebodies and host rocks has been carried out using data from around 3000 drill-core logs, allowing us to build 93 cross-sections and 6 plants (both 50 m spacing). This has enabled us to recognize the geometry and relationships between the mineralization and the earliest Carboniferous transtensional tectonics through the development of an extensional pull-apart basin with two sub-basins separated by the NW-SE trending Eduardo Fault. The sub-basins, Cerro Colorado and San Dionisio, were limited by two E-W strike-slip faults, the Northern and Southern faults, and bounded in the east and west by the NW-SE-trending Nerva and Western faults, respectively. The generated pull-apart basin was first filled by a basaltic magmatism of mantle origin and later, following the deposition of the intermediate complex sedimentary unit, by rhyodacitic volcanic rocks of crustal origin. The evolution of the subsiding basins caused the development of an E-W oriented rollover anticline that affected these filling rocks.As a result of a counterclockwise rotation of the stress axes, the primitive pull-apart basin evolved into a basin affected by E-W transtensional sinistral shearing. Its northern and southern limits were favorable areas for increased hydrothermal fluid flow, which gave way to the huge concentration of VMS mineralization located near the limits. The Northern and, to a lesser degree, the Southern extensional faults thus become channel areas for feeding and discharging of the VMS and stockwork ores. The main mineralizing period was related to this stage. Subsequently, during the Variscan transpressional phase, the E-W extensional faults were reactivated as inverse faults, affecting the volcanic sequence of mafic to felsic composition and the intermediate complex sedimentary unit. Fault propagation folds developed above these faults, affecting the massive sulfides, the transition series and the Culm flysch sediments, with buttressing playing a significant role in the geometry of tectonically inverted structures. The VMS mineralization and cupriferous stockworks were folded and dismembered from the original conduits in the volcanic series, and a dextral reactivation of the NW-SE trending faults also developed.Finally, it should be emphasized that this new 3D geological model is an approach to provide a better insight into the 3D structure of the world-class VMS Rio Tinto deposit and could be a key-point for further studies providing a new tool to increase knowledge of the VMS mineralizations and exploration guidelines elsewhere in the IPB. 相似文献
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渤海湾地区的中生代盆地构造概论 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35
根据 1∶5 0万渤海湾新生代盆地区基岩地质图揭示的残留中生代地层的分布及构造变形特征 ,渤海湾地区的中生代盆地可以分为 5期。早—中三叠世、晚三叠世盆地为克拉通内部大型坳陷盆地 ,其中晚三叠世盆地仅分布在渤海湾西南部地区。早—中侏罗世盆地分布于印支运动形成的向斜坳陷核部 ,属于压陷挠曲型盆地。晚侏罗世—早白垩世盆地分布广泛 ,属于裂陷盆地 ;晚白垩世盆地属于后裂陷阶段的坳陷盆地。这些盆地受印支运动、燕山运动影响而发生反转。印支运动在渤海湾地区的东、西部的表现有明显差异。西部变形弱、以近EW向宽缓褶皱变形为主 ,东部变形强、并叠加了NE向褶皱和逆冲断层变形。早燕山运动使渤海湾地区形成宽缓的大型NE向褶皱变形 ,并使早—中侏罗世盆地发生反转和逆冲断层变形 ;中、晚燕山运动基本没有在渤海湾地区形成褶皱构造变形 ,而是表现为晚侏罗—早白垩世盆地和晚白垩世盆地的区域性反转隆升。下—中侏罗统沉积之后 ,渤海湾地区的构造格局发生基本变革 ,进入以裂陷盆地为主的构造演化时期。 相似文献
17.
前人对皖南-浙西地区古生代至早中生代盖层中发育的褶皱变形期次、特征和构造样式的认识尚存在较多分歧。本文通过区内盖层褶皱变形调查与解析,除印支早期褶皱和燕山期构造外,新识别出加里东期和印支晚期褶皱。加里东期褶皱样式主要表现为大型中常至开阔褶皱,且均为复式褶皱;次为小型紧闭褶皱,二者可能为从属性质。其构造线均呈近东西向或北东东向。印支早期褶皱样式主要为中常线形褶皱,其轴迹呈北东向;晚期表现为中常至开阔褶皱样式,轴迹呈北北西或近南北向。燕山期构造主要为盆地和断裂构造。早白垩世早期,表现为同沉积宽缓向斜,构造线呈近东西向;早白垩世之后,主要表现为断陷盆地和断裂构造,构造线呈北东或北北东向。各期褶皱叠加明显,形成"L"或"厂"字型组合特征,或形成构造穹窿-盆地组合。深入研究构造特征及演化规律,对区域构造格架建立具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
19.
结合区域地震剖面解析和沙箱模拟实验,探讨分析了乍得Bongor盆地反转构造特征及其形成机制。结果表明：（1）
Bongor盆地中发育三种典型的反转构造类型：挤压反转单斜构造、挤压反转向斜构造和挤压反转背斜构造。该类反转构造
一部分具有反转断层相关褶皱样式,主要沿高角度边界断层和基底地垒边界断面发育,形成演化与断裂活动息息相关,另
一部分呈散花状背斜构造样式,属于地层纵弯上拱褶皱,主要发育于斜坡断阶带之间;（2） 区域剥蚀作用对盆地反转构造
演化具有重要的影响,其对盆地内深部地层反转褶皱发育具有促进作用,为深部构造圈闭形成提供条件,而对浅部地层的
反转褶皱发育则表现出阻碍或破坏作用,不利于浅层构造圈闭的形成。 相似文献