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海底地震观测是观测地震学的一个重要组成部分,文章介绍了近三十年来国际海洋地震观测的发展,阐述了海底地震观测系统的类型,沉浮式海底地震仪、海底井下地震仪、海底电缆式地震仪的基本结构、性能,及其主要指标。 相似文献
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一、日本第一个海底地震观测系统 日本地震观测是由日本气象厅和几个大学负责的,观测点密度很高,在世界上也是首屈一指,但这些观测设施都设在陆地上。对于日本来说,大多数地震发生在太平洋一侧的海底,尤其巨大地震多发生在海底。因此,仅依靠地面台观测地震,显然有很大局限性,进行海底地震的直接观测势在必行,而且是非常重要的。日本气象厅经过长期努力研制出海底地震仪,并首先于 相似文献
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本文是在日本造船振兴财团的经费赞助下在中国渤海地区发展海底地震观测的初步技术报告。本报告主要包括以下内容: (1) 渤海及其邻近地区的地震活动性与地震危险性估计; (2) 渤海地区海底地震观测的条件; (3) 渤海地区海底地震观测仪器与技术的某些初步研究结果; (4) 浅海情况下海底地震观测噪声的模拟实验研究结果。文中研究了该地区的历史与现代地震活动性、长期地震危险性以及发生在华北与日本的大地震之间的关系。还讨论了渤海强震和海啸对渤海及其邻近海域航海的影响问题。在这些研究结果的基础上对在渤海地区开展海底地震观测的必要性进行了解释。本文探讨了在渤海地区进行海底地震观测的某些仪器和技术问题。天津市地震局曾在渤海地区石油平台的油井中作过初步地震观测试验。日本气象厅气象研究所发展的海底地震观测中有关降低噪声与信号传输等方面的新技术与经验可用于渤海地区的海底地震观测。在这些研究的基础上,提出了一个在中国渤海地区发展渤海地震观测的初步设想。指出渤海海底地震观测试验应从观测和研究渤海海底海洋噪声谱开始。为了研究浅海情况下海底地震观测的噪声,本文完成了一项新的模拟试验工作。分别对海面源及海内源产生的噪声进行了实验研究。文中给出了一些重要实验结果。本文所得的初步结果,对发展渤海及邻近地区海底地震观测有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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地球科学研究的新型观测平台——线缆式海底地震观测台（网）,是一种基于海底光电复合缆的光电传输技术,将传统的陆地地震观测台站向海区延伸、弥补海区地震观测台站的不足,实现实时、长期连续观测地球内部过程的新技术,目前已成为海洋科学的创新性研究平台,相关的技术方法也有了突飞猛进的进步.2018年,我国研发建设的"福建近海海底地震观测台",在前人探索研究的基础上,突破了线缆式海底地震观测台（网）关键技术,实现数据实时传输功能,具备进入地震行业网的能力.经过超过三个月的试运行检验,证实了系统的稳定性和可靠性.本文详细介绍了福建浯屿岛海底地震台（网）研发的关键技术与建设流程、关键技术环节相关规范和检测结果.地震采集数据结果表明,浯屿岛海底地震观测台实现了数据实时流服务,并可接入中国地震局JOPENS系统,数据实时传输正常,并自动存储实时波形数据;试运行期间以实际99%以上的高运行率,达到了国家测震台网管理规定的优秀标准.研发结果可为我国今后的海底地震观测台（网）建设提供重要参考指标与经验借鉴. 相似文献
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地震观测环境定量评估初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地震观测环境定性评估不能适应客观需要的情况,对地震观测环境定量评估的概念、依据、方法、指标体系建立方案等进行初步研究,得出:地震观测环境定量评估比定性评估更有利于台网优化等重大决策、地震观测环境行政执法和维权,但不能完全取代定性评估;地震观测环境定量评估指标体系的建立可依据《地震台站观测环境技术要求》等规范性文件;在制定评估指标体系时,应以观测实践和科学实验衡量各类干扰源对观测的影响范围和幅度为前提;深入研究地震观测环境定量评估和开展试点工作,将对我国的防震减灾工作有重要意义。 相似文献
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张伟清 《地震地磁观测与研究》2000,21(1):71-74
众所周知,长周期地震观测的干扰背景比较复杂,国外有关文献中曾经作过大量的报道,60年代初,一些学者深入研究了长周期地震观测干扰的物理性质,并发表了一些研究专著。这些论述在我国的长周期地震仪器研制和观测阶段起到了实际指导意义。80年代后,我国建立了763长周期地震?.. 相似文献
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中国数字化地震观测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
孙其政 《地震地磁观测与研究》1999,20(5):14-22
１ 我国模拟地震观测台网的发展公元１３２年,东汉太史令张衡创制了世界上第一台观测地震的仪器——候风地动仪,并测到了远在千里之外的一次地震。这说明该仪器能测定地震的方位,张衡本人懂得地震振动从震源向外传播的道理。震源传播的概念直到１５００多年后英国人才提出来,又经过了２００多年才发明出近代地震仪。１９世纪末至２０世纪初,我国沦为半封建半殖民地社会,地震观测同样带有强烈的殖民色彩,帝国主义在中国先后建立了２０多个地震台。日本在台湾建立了１６个地震台;法国在上海徐家汇建立了中国大陆第一个地震台;俄国和… 相似文献
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近年来随着地面与空间的遥测遥感通信技术,特别是随之衍生而来的海底光纤电缆技术的发展,海洋学者可以从海底回头向上观测整个海洋世界,对深入海底做近距离和全天候监测海洋信息变为可能。近年来许多国家正在逐步策划和建设以海啸减灾为目的,以海底电缆为主轴、海底地震监测为核心内容的海底观测网络。本文分别针对美国、加拿大、欧洲、日本以及中国多种典型海底观测网的主要观测技术进行分析,提出发展中国海底地震监测网络的建议。 相似文献
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１９９４年第四季度，全球地震在维持了一年多的中等水平以后，出现了高水平的活动。全球地震如１９９３年，继续以西北太平洋地震带为中心，千岛群岛和日本本州以东接连发生海沟浅源大地震。１９９３－１９９４两年，全球最大地震发生在西北太平洋地区。菲律宾海周边地区发生强烈地震多次，日本南部近海海槽区发生大地震的形势更加迫近。中国大陆东半部地震活动有增强的迹象，１９９５年，中国华北地震活动将有新发展。本季度美洲地 相似文献
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Monitoring of geophysical conditions of marine sedimentary basins is necessary for predicting seismic events and for adaptation of geothermal technologies for seismically active (as a rule) sea bottom geothermal areas. These conditions are characterized by seismo-hydro-electromagnetic (EM) geophysical field interaction in the presence of gravity. Based on the main physical principles, geophysical and petrophysical data, we formulate a mathematical model of seismo-hydro-EM interaction in a basin of a marginal sea and calculate the transformation of a seismic excitation in the upper mantle under the central part of the sea of Japan into the low-frequency (0.1 to 10 Hz) EM signals at the top of the sea bottom sedimentary layer, at the sea surface and in the atmosphere up to the lower boundary of the ionosphere. Physics of the EM generation and propagation process is shown including: generation of EM waves in the upper mantle layer M by a seismic wave from under M, spatial modulation of diffusive EM waves by a seismic wave, stopping of the EM wave arrived (before the seismic P wave) from the upper mantle at the top of the sediments because of the high electric conductivity of seawater (3.5 S/m), immediate penetration of the EM wave through the seawater thickness after the delayed seismic P wave shock into the sea bottom, and EM emission from the sea surface into the atmosphere. Let us note that the EM signal in the sea bottom sediments is the first measurable signal of a seismic activation of geological structures beneath the seafloor and this signal is protected by seawater from the influence ionosphere disturbances. Amplitude of the computed magnetic signals (300, 200, 50, and 30 pT at the ocean–atmosphere interface and at the height of 10, 30 and 50 km, respectively), their predominant frequency (0.25 Hz), the delay of the seismic P wave in regard to the magnetic signal for the receivers at the shore (20 s), the amplitude of temperature disturbances in sediments (up to 0.02 K), the parameters of the long (150 km) tsunami wave of a small (up to 20 cm) amplitude far from the shore and other values that characterize the seismo-hydro-EM process are of the orders observed. Recommendations for the EM monitoring of dynamic processes beneath seafloor geothermal areas are given. 相似文献
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Borehole strain observation is playing an increasingly important role in the study on the crustal movements. It has been used
by many countries such as China, USA, Japan, Peru, Australia, South Africa, Iceland and Italy, in research fields of plate
tectonics, earthquake, volcanic eruption, dam safety, oil field subsidence, mining collapse and so on. Borehole strainmeter
has been improved rapidly and tends to get more and more components included in one probe. Based on observations by this kind
of instruments, studies on seismic strain step, slow earthquake, earthquake precursor and volcanic eruption forecasting have
made remarkable achievements. In the coming years, borehole strain observation is going to become one major goedetic means,
together with GPS and InSAR.
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40374011) and Joint Seismological Foundation of China (1040037). 相似文献
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中国海与现代科学技术 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
中国既是一个大陆国家又是一个海洋国家，约３００万平方公里的海域与６５００多个岛屿如同陆地资源一样为中国人民提供了舟辑之便与渔盐之利，还蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。 相似文献
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Merits and demerits of recording of seismic signals at the bottom of water areas are considered. It is shown that long-term
seismological monitoring systems should be placed in the regions of industrial development of the shelf and continental slope
and in the areas of high seismic and tsunami hazard of oceans and seas. The results obtained during expeditions of the Shirshov
Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the use of broadband bottom seismographs are reported. Autonomous
bottom seismographs with long-term operation at the bottom and operative communication via satellite and radio channels are
proposed for the formation of a marine seismological network. 相似文献
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We investigated the development of a distinct later phase observed at stations near the Japan Trench associated with shallow, outer-rise earthquakes off the coast of Sanriku, northern Japan based on the analysis of three-component broadband seismograms and FDM simulations of seismic wave propagation using a heterogeneous structural model of the Japan Trench subduction zone. Snapshots of seismic wave propagation obtained through these simulations clearly demonstrate the complicated seismic wavefield constructed by a coupling of the ocean acoustic waves and the Rayleigh waves propagating within seawater and below the sea bottom by multiple reflections associated with shallow subduction zone earthquakes. We demonstrated that the conversion to the Rayleigh wave from the coupled ocean acoustic waves and the Rayleigh wave as they propagate upward along the slope of seafloor near the coast is the primary cause of the arrival of the distinct later phase at the station near the coast. Through a sequence of simulations using different structural models of the Japan Trench subduction zone, we determined that the thick layer of seawater along the trench and the suddenly rising sea bottom onshore of the Japanese island are the major causes of the distinct later phase. The results of the present study indicate that for realistic modeling of seismic wave propagation from the subduction zone earthquakes, a high-resolution bathymetry model is very crucial, although most current simulations do not include a water column in their simulation models. 相似文献