共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
R. Clayton 《The Photogrammetric Record》1989,13(73):27-62
A review is provided of the techniques and applications of very close range photogrammetry to engineering measurements in the electricity supply industry. Starting from a definition of very close range photogrammetry by consideration of depth of field, the techniques of measurement in the range 300 mm to 3 m are discussed with an analysis of four practical examples; two examples relate to the confirmation of continued structural integrity of nuclear reactor components by remote photogrammetric measurement, one uses the technique for measuring creep stress for component life assessment and one uses it for the baseline measurements of insulation coverplates in a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Emphasis is given to the mathematical modelling of the cameras employed and their subsequent calibration. The development of a universal calibration facility for all cameras working in this range is described. 相似文献
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Automatic digital elevation model (DEM) generation has become an established technique within mapping agencies. This paper assesses the effectiveness of automatic DEM generation using area-based matching for glaciated terrain in Antarctica. DEM accuracy is assessed by comparison with check data acquired using analytical photogrammetry and independent field measurements.An optimum DEM collection strategy is identified. DEM success is linked to ground terrain type and it is found that areas of a DEM which can be collected successfully are relatively insensitive to changes in the collection strategy. A method of isolating unsuccessful areas of a DEM for manual editing is tested for Antarctic terrain. In this example, over 90% success is achieved in identifying erroneous DEM results measured against check data. 相似文献
3.
Modelling the Spatial Distribution of DEM Error 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Bruce H. Carlisle 《Transactions in GIS》2005,9(4):521-540
4.
Estimation of the polarization orientation angle shifts induced by terrain azimuth slope variations is a recently developed application in radar polarimetry. In general, without any prior knowledge on the terrain, two polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) flight passes are required to derive terrain slopes in perpendicular directions for digital elevation model (DEM) generation. Moreover, we note that SAR intensity is a strong indicator of the range component of the terrain slopes. In this letter, we developed a method for DEM generation requiring only one POLSAR flight pass, by combining orientation angle estimation and a shape-from-shading technique. In particular, when limited POLSAR data are available, this POLSAR technique provides an alternative way for DEM generation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/JPL) AIRSAR L-band POLSAR data over Camp Roberts, California, is used to demonstrate the results of the method proposed in this letter, and a DEM derived from simultaneously measured C-band interferometric SAR from NASA/JPL topographic SAR instrument is selected as the comparative ground truth to validate the effectiveness of this single POLSAR method. Analyses and discussions are also included in this letter. 相似文献
5.
本文论述了一种大区域范围从矢量化地貌数据中快速形成ＤＥＭ以及可视化粗差检测与修正的方法。实践表明，该算法具有实用、直观、快速等特点，可获得稳定而可靠的计算结果。 相似文献
6.
Topographic variations caused by the range and the azimuth terrain slopes induce polarization orientation changes which cause the polarization to rotate about the line of sight. The existence of these variations reduce the accuracy measurement of geophysical parameters from polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images. For this reason most inversion studies are best done in area of flat earth. In area which has significant terrain variations require compensation for topography. In real situations, terrain slopes rotate the polarization basis of the polarimetric scattering matrices by an orientation angle shift, and induce significant cross-polarization power. In this paper, two methods have been investigated using the polarimetric orientation angle (PAO): the first one involves the rotation of the polarimetric scattering and coherency matrices to achieve maximum azimuthally asymmetry for polarimetric data compensation to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters in rugged terrain areas. The second approach has been developed which measures azimuth and range terrain slopes that are related to shifts in polarization orientation angle. Terrain elevation maps relative to a plane parallel to the radar line of sight can then be generated by integrating these slopes requiring only one PolSAR flight pass by combing orientation angle estimation and a shape-from-shading technique (SFS) which is mostly used by the computer vision community. Experimental results with C-band polarimetric RADARSAT2 data are used evaluate the data compensation algorithm and DEM generation. 相似文献
7.
提取山脊线和山谷线的一种新方法 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
黄培之 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(3)
在研究了现有的仅从山脊线和山谷线的几何特性或物理特性的单一方面设计的提取山脊线和山谷线的算法后 ,提出了一种基于地形表面流水分析与等高线几何分析相结合的提取山脊线和山谷线的方法。该方法把等高线几何分析的方法与地形表面流水模拟分析的方法有机地结合起来 ,能够克服各自所具有的弊端。实验结果表明 ,用本文方法所提取的山脊线和山谷线与实际地形相符合。 相似文献
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9.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):211-221
AbstractThe progressive projection is by origin a manual cartographic technique, traditionally used by panoramic landscape painters; however, it is rarely encountered in digitally created three-dimensional (3D) maps. In this article, the advantages of this specific projection when designing 3D maps are presented, the processes involved in its manual construction, as well as the existing and potential digital implementation approaches, are reviewed. A new algorithmic solution is described, allowing for user-friendly interactive bending of a terrain model into a progressive view, with options to add a curved horizon, to vertically exaggerate the terrain, and to create a 360° strip panorama. The resulting software, Terrain Bender, is freely available for download. 相似文献
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地形结构线是更好地表示、反映和利用地形的基础。本文先介绍了构建三角网生成地形结构线的基本思路，然后对构建三角网过程中建立等高线树、地形结构线生成、鞍部山脊线自动生成和连接地形结构线并建立结构线树等关键技术进行了叙述。 相似文献
12.
P K Champatiray A K Roy B Prabhakaran 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1995,23(2):77-86
The C-band imaging radar of ERS-1, due to its high sensitivity to terrain surface features, holds tremendous potential in topographic terrain mapping for various applications. This is being examined for geological applications, mainly structural and lithological mapping in a mineral belt of Bihar and Orissa, India. The high image contrast that facilitates structural interpretation and highlights topography on the SAR images, reflects the high sensitivity of the ERS-1-SAR to change in terrain slope in the study area. Extensive lineaments, fold structure and major lithological contacts are easily mappable from the SAR imagery. Many of the lineaments, lithological contacts and fold pattern are mapped equally from optical data (Landsat-TM and IRS-1B FCC). The close association of fold pattern and mineral deposits in the region has necessitated the study of those structures carefully from various remote sensing data products. Synergism between SAR and TM provided useful results regarding structure and lithology of the region. The advantage of SAR in highlighting topography and detecting lineaments are affected to a great extent by the speckle noise and low pixel resolution. The present study shows that future geologic interpretation demands high spatial resolution and efficient data processing technique which reduces the speckle noise more significantly. 相似文献
13.
Work is reported on the production of terrain elevation data from SPOT imagery. An important step in this process is determination of exterior orientation parameters for the images. Although an initial estimate is available in the SPOT header, refinements are required based on plan and height data. These are generally derived from photogrammetric measurements (or sources such as global positioning satellite systems), but accurate manual determination is time consuming. This paper reports an alternative approach by investigating the use of existing map data (located on the earth's surface and in a known projection) to find corresponding “ground control points” in both map and image. Available maps may be in digital or paper form depending on the state of development of mapping in the part of the world being studied. The last revision date and the cartographic generalisation employed will also effect the fidelity of the final result. Practical semi-automatic techniques for determining the height of ground control points from existing map data are described, including multiple profiles through digitised contour data, a commercial terrain modelling package based on Delaunay triangulation and the use of triangulation points on prominent features. Comparisons between the methods are made and results obtained are compared with Institut Géographique National datasets and photogrammetric measurements. Methods for fully automating not only the height determination but also the location of ground control features within a map database are discussed. Map and image registration is described and illustrated using Laser-Scan's Rover software. Interactive and automated methods of registration are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Jan Skaloud Philipp Schaer Yannick Stebler Phillip Tomé 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(2):208-217
This paper presents a methodology for the precise registering of airborne laser data directly in flight with an accuracy that is sufficient for the majority of derived products, such as digital terrain models. We first present the strategy that integrates GPS/INS/LiDAR data for generating laser point clouds directly in flight and analyzes their accuracy. The latter requires the implementation of a functional covariance propagation on-line for all the system components (i.e. trajectory, laser, system calibration) to which influences of scanning geometry are added at the end of a flight line. The study of scanning geometry necessitates the classification of vegetation and coarse estimation of the terrain normal. This is achieved by a method that we formerly proposed for off-line quality analysis. The second part of the paper focuses on the positioning component. In high resolution scanning performed close to the terrain, the absolute accuracy of the resulting point cloud depends mainly on the quality of the trajectory which is related to the type of GPS solution (e.g. absolute positioning, DGPS, RTK). To reach sub-decimeter accuracy for the point cloud in the real-time, an RTK-GPS solution is needed. This requires the establishment of a communication link for the transmission of GPS corrections (or measurements). We analyze the usability of RTK-GPS/ALS acquired during several flights using different communication methods in the particular context of helicopter based missions. We focus mainly on the exploitation of nation-wide reference GNSS networks and confirm experimentally that the real-time registration of airborne laser data is feasible with sub-decimeter accuracy. Such quality is sufficient not only for a wide range of applications, but it also opens new opportunities for monitoring missions that require a short reaction time. Finally, we concentrate on situations when the phase and code corrections cannot be transmitted, and the quality of the differential carrier-phase positioning needs to be predicted. We validate the previously introduced indicators of positioning quality by simulated degradation of the input data. 相似文献
15.
三维地形可视化技术研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三维地形是虚拟自然环境中不可缺少的因素,也是虚拟仿真领域中视景系统的重要组成部分。该文将地形生成技术概括为三维地形简化技术、大规模地形数据的动态调度与地形简化相结合的处理技术和地形纹理数据的组织与应用技术等三大类,并分别介绍了这三类技术的相关理论和方法。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTVirtual globes are technologies for visual navigation through a three-dimensional, multi-resolution model of the entire planet. Data representations used in virtual globes, however, lack geometric flexibility at high-resolution levels of the planet-wide terrain surface. This is a problem especially if boundaries between individual geospatial features and the terrain are important. A novel integration of individual polygonal boundaries with a specific multi-resolution representation of the planet-wide terrain is developed in this article. In the preparation stage, the integration relies on an original simplification algorithm applied to the polygonal boundaries between geospatial features and the terrain. Its output is a multiple level-of-detail (LOD) geometry, which can be combined with a known multi-LOD representation of the terrain that uses run-time triangulation. This data representation is suitable for storage in existing database systems, avoids any data redundancy across LODs, and is even independent of the subdivision schema that partitions the planet's surface for the sake of dealing with LODs. At run-time, a novel reconstruction algorithm stitches geometric parts from different LODs together in a manner that augments the multi-LOD representation of the terrain. Within a certain proximity range from a given position, the method reconstructs a scene that preserves topological relations between the boundaries of geospatial features with the terrain. The method also guarantees that certain nearest proximity to the given position consists of the best geometries that correspond to the original datasets. Such properties of the method close up the gap between a mere exploratory visualization of static, pre-generated models and the models supporting geospatial analysis, which is deemed crucial for applications in Geographic Information Systems, Building Information Modelling and other software industries. A prototype implementation and experiment results that prove this method are also presented. 相似文献
18.
选取中国泥石流多发区白龙江流域武都段作为研究区,在对该区域泥石流堆积扇的形态特征和堆积范围进行实地调绘的基础上,利用高分辨率影像(SPOT)进行目视解译,获得研究区部分泥石流堆积扇和非泥石流堆积区的分布范围,将其作为已知样本区。利用该区域多光谱遥感影像(ASTER)和数字高程模型(DEM),提取包含波段比和主分量的几十种特征指标。通过运用方差分析和聚类分析等方法对各指标进行分析计算,选取对区别泥石流堆积扇最具显著意义的指标进行输入,进而采用基于像元的分类方法识别泥石流堆积扇。得到如下结论:SPOT与ASTER融合影像的波段比、主分量指标可以有效地突出土壤岩石中的矿物成分,对泥石流堆积扇的识别具有显著意义;利用筛选出的遥感指标和地形指标作为输入,进行监督分类识别泥石流堆积扇,能够有效地将遥感指标和地形指标相结合,提取的堆积扇覆盖范围与实际情况较为接近。 相似文献
19.
针对传统多分辨率地形绘制算法构网速度慢、T型裂缝不易处理等问题,提出了一种GPU（graphic processing unit）构网的地形无缝绘制算法。首先,引入实时网格细分（tessellation）技术,将地形构网分为CPU粗粒度Tile网格构建和GPU细粒度Patch网格细分两个阶段;然后,Tile网格采用基于视距的细节层次模型进行LoD层次选择,Patch采用基于屏幕空间投影误差的细节层次模型完成网格细分,兼顾了视距和地形粗糙度对地形绘制的影响,实现了地形细节层次的自适应选择;最后,应用C++语言和DirectX 11工具,设计开发了相应的可视化实验系统。实验结果表明,该方法实现了多分辨率地形的自适应无缝表达,保证了地形网格的连续性;并通过合理平衡CPU-GPU负担,显著提升了地形渲染效率。 相似文献
20.
P. Jayaprasad B. Narender S. K. Pathan Ajai 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(4):313-322
Digital elevation model (DEM) and the derived terrain parameters e.g. contour, slope, aspect, drainage pattern, etc are required
for natural resources management, infrastructure planning and disaster management. The present paper aims at generating DEM
from ERS tandem pair using interferometric technique supported by differential GPS measurements (DGPS) and multispectral optical
data. Validation of DEM has been carried out by DGPS measurements. Ground Control Points (GCP) established by DGPS measurements
have been used to georeference the IRS-1D optical data that has finally been co-registered with SAR amplitude image. Optical
data, co-registered with ERS - I SAR data has helped in locating the GCP’s and check points, precisely, for refinement of
DEM and its validation. 相似文献