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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
中国是世界上少数几个同时在海域和陆域冻土区取得天然气水合物找矿突破的国家,这为我国天然气水合物成矿气源研究提供了良好的研究条件。本文通过对南海神狐海域及祁连山冻土区不同层位、不同赋存状态的水合物气体数据进行分析,研究了各层位烃类气体的地球化学特征,并探讨其成因。研究结果表明,海域和陆域钻孔岩心游离气与水合物气具有基本一致的气体组分特征和同位素特征,表明气体成因类型相同。同一钻孔中,气体随埋深不同表现出不同的气体组分特征,甲烷碳同位素显示负偏,均表明气体存在垂向运移。岩心游离气对水合物成因类型判识具有指示意义,可作为判识水合物或潜在水合物成因类型的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因或来源存在不同观点,目前还没有统一认识,这直接影响到水合物的资源评价及下一步勘探方向。文章依托前人研究成果及新近钻探木参1井、木参2井及SK-0井资料,对比分析中侏罗统与上三叠统尕勒得寺组两套烃源岩,结合天然气水合物气体组成与碳氢同位素特征进行综合研究,结果表明:南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体以轻烃为主,具湿气特征,其同位素表现为正碳同位素系列,为有机成因,成气母质主要为腐泥型干酪根的油型气,是热演化程度较低的原油伴生气;少量与微生物成因气有关,与煤层气关系不大。中侏罗统有机质丰度高、类型较好,镜质体反射率Ro在0.48%~1.14%之间,处于生油高峰期,生油过程中原油伴生气为天然气水合物的主要气体来源;上三叠统尕勒得寺组有机质丰度较高、类型较好,但成熟度高,处于生凝析气或裂解气阶段,总体生排烃能力差,从气源对比分析来看对天然气水合物气体来源贡献不大。 相似文献
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神狐海域天然气水合物的特征及其气源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国天然气水合物首钻的钻探结果显示,南海北部陆坡神狐海域的天然气水合物呈分散浸染状分布在以粗粉砂、中粉砂、细粉砂和极细粉砂为主要组分的松散沉积物中。沉积物顶空气组成分析显示,神狐钻探区沉积物中的游离气体主要是烃类气体,另外也有微量的CO2,其中,甲烷含量界于62.11%~99.91%之间,平均含量达到了98.04%。而天然气水合物的气体同位素组成显示,神狐海域形成天然气水合物的烃类气体主要是微生物通过CO2还原的形式生成。在此基础上,进一步分析了神狐海域研究区上中新统上部和上新统微生物成因甲烷的生产力,认为神狐海域具备良好的适合微生物成因甲烷大量生成的地质条件。 相似文献
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气体水合物中甲烷的地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对气体水合物样品中烃类气体组分和甲烷碳同位素组分的检测,表明自然界中存在Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ｈ型３种类型的气体水合物,在水合物结构中甲烷客体分子主要源自沉积有机质中ＣＯ２的微生物还原作用,也存在热成因甲烷,少数地区为微生物成因和热成因混合甲烷,微生物成因甲烷总是占优势。 相似文献
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南海ODP1146站位烃类气体地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
ODP1146站位位于东沙群岛南部的尖峰北小型裂谷盆地内。系统的顶空气和酸解烃分析结果表明,在0～250m（海底合成深度）区间的烃类气体含量较低且变化不大,但在390～590m特别是在550～590m区间存在较明显的高烃异常。这一高烃异常可能与天然气水合物有关,是邻区天然气水合物分解后释放出的高烃流体沿层间裂隙或断层侧向迁移的结果。甲烷碳同位素的测定结果显示其δ^13C1值为-24.0‰～-37.8‰（PDB标准）,结合烃类气体的分子比值C1／（C2＋C3）,1146站位的烃类气体应是热解气或是以热解气为主的混合气,但在中上部可能存在部分微生物气。 相似文献
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海洋浅表层沉积物和孔隙水的天然气水合物地球化学异常识别标志 总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30
天然气水合物是一种赋存在低温,高压条件下海底沉积物中的规模巨大的新型能源,研究表明,地球化学是识别海底天然气水合物赋存的一种有效方法。国际上通过分析由大洋钻探采上来的柱状沉积物和孔隙水的地球化学异常,已建立了一套较为成熟的地球化学识别方法。但是,在没有钻井岩心的情况下,如何通过浅表层（＜20m）沉积物和孔隙水及底层海水的地球化学分析来识别海底可能存在的天然气水合物,是国际国内天然气水合物勘查中面临的一道难题,通过对国际上已有数据和资料的全面总结,尝试提出了一系列在海底浅层条件下识别天然气水合物赋存的地球异常标志,包括底层海水的烃类气体及其同位素组成异常,沉积物有机碳和水的含量异常,沉积物中孔隙水的元素和同位素组成异常,沉积物中气体含量异常及沉积物中自生碳酸盐矿物的化学和同位素组成异常等。这些标志的建立将有助于在我国海域开展天然气水合物的勘查工作。 相似文献
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用地球化学方法勘查中国南海的天然气水合物 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
天然气水合物是一种未来新型能源,赋存于低温高压环境下的海洋沉积物中,但也可形成于大陆永久冻土带中。天然气水合物资源量巨大,具有经济和环境上的研究意义。近年来,国际上己对天然气水合物的产况、分布和形成机理开展了大量研究,但国内这方面的工作还刚刚开展。对中国南海的调查表明该区存在天然气水合物赋存的有利地质条件、温压条件和富含有机质的沉积条件。在南海的许多海区还发现了指示天然气水合物存在的地震标志(BSR)。介绍了在南海天然气水合物勘查中的地球化学异常标志。这些地球化学异常的产生可能与天然气水合物的形成或分解过程有关。研究内容包括沉积物中气体含量(主要为甲烷和乙烷),甲烷的碳同位素,孔隙水中阴离子(Cl^-、SO4^2-等)、阳离子(Ca^2 、Mg^2 、Ba^2 、Sr^2 ,B^3 和NH4^ 等)浓度和δ^18,δD,δ^11B,及^87Sr／^86Sr等同位素组成,此外还对海底沉积物的热释光特征和紫外、可见、近红外反射光谱特征开展了探索性研究。通过进一步加强理论和实验研究,结合地球物理和地球化学资料,在不远的将来将会在南海发现和圈定天然气水合物矿藏。 相似文献
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天然气水合物资源勘查及开发技术研究项目组 《海洋地质前沿》2004,20(6)
天然气水合物,又称笼形晶合物(Clathrate) ,它是在一定条件(合适的温度、压力、气体饱和度、水的盐度、pH值等)下由水和天然气组成的类冰的、非化学计量的、笼形结晶化合物,其天然气成分有如CH4 、C2 H6 、C3H8、C4 H10 等同系物以及CO2 、N2 、H2 S等。其中当甲烷分子含量超过99%时称为甲烷水合物(MethaneHydrate)。天然气水合物发现于1 9世纪初,当时,其生成与沉淀常给输气管道、气井和一些工厂设备带来许多麻烦。自2 0世纪60年代开始,原苏联、美国、荷兰、德国相继开展了天然气水合物的结构与热动力学研究。70年代初,原苏联学者论… 相似文献
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Molecular and isotopic characteristics of gas hydrate-bound hydrocarbons in southern and central Lake Baikal 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
Akihiro Hachikubo Oleg Khlystov Alexey Krylov Hirotoshi Sakagami Hirotsugu Minami Yutaka Nunokawa Satoshi Yamashita Nobuo Takahashi Hitoshi Shoji Shin’ya Nishio Masato Kida Takao Ebinuma Gennadiy Kalmychkov Jeffrey Poort 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(3-4):321-329
We investigated the molecular composition (methane, ethane, and propane) and stable isotope composition (methane and ethane) of hydrate-bound gas in sediments of Lake Baikal. Hydrate-bearing sediment cores were retrieved from eight gas seep sites, located in the southern and central Baikal basins. Empirical classification of the methane stable isotopes (δ13C and δD) for all the seep sites indicated the dominant microbial origin of methane via methyl-type fermentation; however, a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gases resulted in relatively high methane δ13C signatures at two sites where ethane δ13C indicated a typical thermogenic origin. At one of the sites in the southern Baikal basin, we found gas hydrates of enclathrated microbial ethane in which 13C and deuterium were both highly depleted (mean δ13C and δD of –61.6‰ V-PDB and –285.4‰ V-SMOW, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C2 δ13C–δD classification for hydrate-bound gas in either freshwater or marine environments. 相似文献
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Hirotoshi Sakagami Nobuo Takahashi Akihiro Hachikubo Hirotsugu Minami Satoshi Yamashita Hitoshi Shoji Oleg Khlystov Gennadiy Kalmychkov Mikhail Grachev Marc De Batist 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(5-6):465-472
Assessments of the molecular and isotopic composition of hydrate-bound and dissolved gases in pore water were conducted during the multi-phase gas hydrate project (MHP-09) cruise VER09-03 to the southern basin of Lake Baikal in September 2009. To avoid changes in gas composition during core sampling and transport, various headspace methods were investigated aimed at preserving the dissolved gases in pore water. When distilled water was added to the sediment samples, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen decreased because of dissolution into the water and/or microbial consumption. When the headspace was not flushed with inert gases, trace levels of hydrogen and ethylene were detected. The findings suggest that best preparation is achieved by flushing the headspace with helium, and adding a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride. This improved headspace method served to examine the molecular and isotopic compositions of gas samples retrieved at several new sites in the southern basin. Methane was the major component, and the proportion of ethane ranged widely from 0.0009 to 1.67?mol% of the total hydrocarbon gases. The proportions of propane and higher hydrocarbons were small or less than their detection limits. The carbon isotope signatures suggest that microbial-sourced methane and ethane were dominant in the Peschanka study area, whereas ethane was of thermogenic origin at all other study sites in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. 相似文献
14.
位于主动大陆边缘的缅甸安达曼海域中部天然气资源丰富,成因多样。天然气成因类型直接影响勘探领域与方向的确定。通过气体组分、CH4和CO2碳同位素资料,对缅甸安达曼海域中部天然气成因类型及气源岩进行了判识。结果表明:上新统部分天然气具有较轻CH4碳同位素,为生物成因气,部分碳同位素较重的天然气属于热成因气;中新统及渐新统天然气CH4碳同位素均较重,属于热成因气;CO2碳同位素显示其存在无机、有机2种成因;此外,还存在少量生物气与热成因气或无机气的混源气。认为该区无机成因CO2与CH4共存体系通过基底断裂来源于地壳深部或上地幔;上新统生物气来自上新统未熟源岩;产于上新统、中新统热成因气,来源于上新统下部、中新统或渐新统上部等深层高-过成熟烃源岩。 相似文献
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Isotopic composition of gas hydrates in subsurface sediments from offshore Sakhalin Island, Sea of Okhotsk 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Akihiro Hachikubo Alexey Krylov Hirotoshi Sakagami Hirotsugu Minami Yutaka Nunokawa Hitoshi Shoji Tatiana Matveeva Young K. Jin Anatoly Obzhirov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(3-4):313-319
Hydrate-bearing sediment cores were retrieved from recently discovered seepage sites located offshore Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. We obtained samples of natural gas hydrates and dissolved gas in pore water using a headspace gas method for determining their molecular and isotopic compositions. Molecular composition ratios C1/C2+ from all the seepage sites were in the range of 1,500–50,000, while δ13C and δD values of methane ranged from ?66.0 to ?63.2‰ VPDB and ?204.6 to ?196.7‰ VSMOW, respectively. These results indicate that the methane was produced by microbial reduction of CO2. δ13C values of ethane and propane (i.e., ?40.8 to ?27.4‰ VPDB and ?41.3 to ?30.6‰ VPDB, respectively) showed that small amounts of thermogenic gas were mixed with microbial methane. We also analyzed the isotopic difference between hydrate-bound and dissolved gases, and discovered that the magnitude by which the δD hydrate gas was smaller than that of dissolved gas was in the range 4.3–16.6‰, while there were no differences in δ13C values. Based on isotopic fractionation of guest gas during the formation of gas hydrate, we conclude that the current gas in the pore water is the source of the gas hydrate at the VNIIOkeangeologia and Giselle Flare sites, but not the source of the gas hydrate at the Hieroglyph and KOPRI sites. 相似文献
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Worldwide distribution of subaquatic gas hydrates 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
Sediments containing natural gas hydrates occur worldwide on continental and insular slopes and rises of active and passive margins, on continental shelves of polar regions, and in deep-water (> 300 m) environments of inland lakes and seas. The potential amount of methane in natural gas hydrates is enormous, with current estimates at about 1019 g of methane carbon. Subaquatic gas hydrates have been recovered in 14 different areas of the world, and geophysical and geochemical evidence for them has been found in 33 other areas. The worldwide distribution of natural gas hydrates is updated here; their global importance to the chemical and physical properties of near-surface subaquatic sediments is affirmed. 相似文献
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This article reviews the abnormal characteristics of shale gases (natural gases produced from organic-rich shales) and discusses the cause of the anomalies and mechanisms for gas enrichment and depletion in high-maturity organic-rich shales. The reported shale gas geochemical anomalies include rollover of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, rollover of ethane and propane isotopic compositions, abnormally light ethane and propane δ13C values as well as isotope reversals among methane, ethane and propane. These anomalies reflect the complex histories of gas generation and associated isotopic fractionation as well as in-situ “mixing and accumulation” of gases generated from different precursors at different thermal maturities. A model was proposed to explain the observed geochemical anomalies. Gas generation from kerogen cracking at relatively low thermal maturity accounted for the increase of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios and ethane and propane δ13C values (normal trend). Simultaneous cracking of kerogen, retained oil and wet gas and associated isotopic fractionation at higher maturity caused decreasing iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, lighter ethane and propane δ13C and corresponding conversion of carbon isotopic distribution patterns from normal through partial reversal to complete reversal. Relatively low oil expulsion efficiency at peak oil generation, low expulsion efficiency at peak gas generation and little gas loss during post-generation evolution are necessary for organic-rich shales to display the observed geochemical anomalies. High organic matter richness, high thermal maturity (high degrees of kerogen-gas and oil-gas conversions) and late-stage (the stage of peak gas generation and post-generation evolution) closed system accounted for gas enrichment in shales. Loss of free gases during post-generation evolution may result in gas depletion or even undersaturation (total gas content lower than the gas sorption capacity) in high-maturity organic-rich shales. 相似文献
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Natural gas samples from two gas fields located in Eastern Kopeh-Dagh area were analyzed for molecular and stable isotope compositions. The gaseous hydrocarbons in both Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoir and Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir are coal-type gases mainly derived from type III kerogen, however enriched δD values of methane implies presence of type II kerogen related material in the source rock. In comparison Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir gases show higher dryness coefficient resulted through TSR, while presence of C1C5 gases in Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoir exhibit no TSR phenomenon. Carbon isotopic values indicate gas to gas cracking and TSR occurrence in the Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir, as the result of elevated temperature experienced, prior to the following uplifts in last 33–37 million years. The δ13C of carbon dioxide and δ34S of hydrogen sulfide in Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir do not primarily reflect TSR, as uplift related carbonate rock dissolution by acidic gases and reaction/precipitation of light H2S have changed these values severely. Gaseous hydrocarbons in both reservoirs exhibit enrichment in C2 gas member, with the carbonate reservoir having higher values resulted through mixing with highly-mature-completely-reversed shale gases. It is likely that the uplifts have lifted off the pressure on shale gases, therefore facilitated the migration of the gases into overlying horizons. However it appears that the released gases during the first major uplift (33–37 million years ago) have migrated to both reservoirs, while the second migrated gases have only mixed with Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir gases. The studied data suggesting that economic accumulations of natural gas/shale gases deeper than Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir would be unlikely. 相似文献
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Natural marine gas hydrate was discovered in Korean territorial waters during a 2007 KIGAM cruise to the central/southwestern
Ulleung Basin, East Sea. The first data on the geochemical characterization of hydrate-bound water and gas are presented here
for cold seep site 07GHP-10 in the central basin sector, together with analogous data for four sites (07GHP-01, 07GHP-02,
07GHP-03, and 07GHP-14) where no hydrates were detected in other cores from the central/southwestern sectors. Hydrate-bound
water displayed very low concentrations of major ions (Cl−, SO42−, Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+), and more positive δD (15.5‰) and δ18O (2.3‰) signatures compared to seawater. Cl– freshening and more positive isotopic values were also observed in the pore water at gas hydrate site 07GHP-10. The inferred
sulfate–methane interface (SMI) was very shallow (<5 mbsf) at least at four sites, suggesting the widespread occurrence of
anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at shallow sediment depths, and possibly high methane flux. Around the SMI, pore water
alkalinity was very high (>40 mM), but the carbon isotopic ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) did not show minimum values typical of AOM. Moreover, macroscopic authigenic carbonates were not observed at any of the
core sites. This can plausibly be explained by carbon with high δ13C values diffusing upward from below the SMI, increasing alkalinity via deep methanogenesis and eventually escaping as alkalinity
into the water column, with minor precipitation as solid phase. This contrasts, but is not inconsistent with recent reports
of methane-fuelled carbonate formation at other sites in the southwestern basin sector. Methane was the main hydrocarbon component
(>99.85%) of headspace, void, and hydrate-bound gases, C1/C2+ ratios were at least 1,000, and δ13CCH4 and δDCH4 values were in the typical range of methane generated by microbial reduction of CO2. This is supported by the δ13CC2H6 signatures of void and hydrate-bound gases, and helps clarify some contradictory interpretations existing for the Ulleung
Basin as a whole. In combination, these findings suggest that deep biogenic gas and pore waters migrate upward through pathways
such as hydrofractures, and measurably influence the shallow carbon cycle. As a result, cation-adjusted alkalinity/removed
sulfate diagrams cannot always serve to estimate the degree of alkalinity produced by sulfate reduction and AOM in high methane
flux areas. 相似文献
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The molecular composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes and light hydrocarbons of the Upper Paleozoic tight gas in the Daniudi gas field in the Ordos Basin were investigated to study the geochemical characteristics. Tight gas in the Daniudi gas field displays a dryness coefficient (C1/C1–5) of 0.845–0.977 with generally positive carbon and hydrogen isotopic series, and the C7 and C5–7 light hydrocarbons of tight gas are dominated by methylcyclohexane and iso-alkanes, respectively. The identification of gas origin and gas-source correlation indicate that tight gas is coal-type gas, and the gases reservoired in the Lower Permian Shanxi Fm. (P1s) and Lower Shihezi Fm. (P1x) had a good affinity and were derived from the P1s coal-measure source rocks, whereas the gas reservoired in the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Fm. (C3t) was derived from the C3t coal-measure source rocks. The molecular and methane carbon isotopic fractionations of natural gas support that the P1x gas was derived from the P1s source rocks. The differences of geochemical characteristics of the C3t gas from different areas in the field suggest the effect of maturity difference of the source rocks rather than the diffusive migration, and the large-scale lateral migration of the C3t gas seems unlikely. Comparative study indicates that the differences of the geochemical characteristics of the P1s gases from the Yulin and Daniudi gas fields originated likely from the maturity difference of the in-situ source rocks, rather than the effect of large-scale lateral migration of the P1s gases. 相似文献