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1.
地下水弥散系数的测定   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
宋树林  林泉 《海岸工程》1998,17(3):61-65
以大红染料为示踪剂,采用单井脉冲注入示踪剂的方法测定了主井和观测井中示踪剂的浓度变化,并用解析公式法计算了西小洞垃圾场地下水的纵向弥散系数。  相似文献   

2.
含聚污水的水质问题是目前聚驱注水油田最紧迫的问题之一,以渤海旅大10-1油田含聚污水为例,利用原子力显微镜、环境扫描电镜等微观分析手段,实验研究含聚污水中残余聚合物对悬浮物浓度和粒径中值,含油率以及结垢离子浓度的具体影响,并进行了含聚污水回注储层岩心动态损害实验。研究表明:当残余聚合物浓度由0 mg/L时逐级增加到150 mg/L时,注入水悬浮物浓度增加了近269.0%,粒径中值仅增加0.3μm,抽滤速度下降了99.3%,含油率下降了86.5%,镁钙离子浓度下降了18.0%。残余聚合物的絮凝作用以及对纤维滤膜的吸附作用是悬浮物增加、抽滤速度显著降低的主要原因,乳化作用使得常规含油率测定值偏低,且残余聚合物浓度及分子量越高,注入水水质变化趋势越明显。另外,单一残余聚合物对高渗透储层损害有限,其与悬浮物及含油的协同作用是主要伤害源。  相似文献   

3.
华莹  周香莲  张军 《海洋通报》2017,36(6):644-651
基于广义Biot动力理论和Longuet-Higgins线性叠加模型,构建波浪-海床-管线动态响应的有限元计算模型,求解随机波作用下,多层砂质海床中管线周围土体孔隙水压力和竖向有效应力的分布。采用基于超静孔隙水压力的液化判断准则,得出液化区的最大深度及横向范围,从而判断海床土体液化情况。考虑海洋波浪的随机性,将海床视为多孔介质,海床动态响应计算模型采用u-p模式,孔隙水压力和位移视为场变量。并考虑孔隙水的可压缩性、海床弹性变形、土体速度、土体加速度以及流体速度的影响,忽略孔隙流体惯性作用。参数研究表明:土体渗透系数、饱和度以及有效波高等参数对海床土体孔隙水压力、竖向有效应力和液化区域分布有显著影响。  相似文献   

4.
含水合物储层的宏观物性表现是由储层沉积物的微观孔隙特征所控制的。理解沉积物在水合物生成过程中微观孔隙结构特征变化对于其物性特征的预测和分析有重要意义。本文利用低场核磁共振(LFNMR)技术监测了不同砂样中氙气水合物的生成过程,利用横向弛豫时间(T2)谱对生成过程中的微观孔隙结构及水相渗透率演化规律进行了分析。研究表明,水合物优先生成于沉积物较大孔隙中,在半径较小的孔隙中水合物很难生成;生成前期水合物的生长速率较快,后期逐渐减缓;水合物的生成导致沉积物孔隙尺寸和分布的变化,表现为随着水合物的生成,沉积物水相孔隙空间的最大孔隙半径和平均孔隙半径逐渐减小,孔隙空间的分形系数逐渐增大;沉积物水相渗透率随水合物生成过程中水合物饱和度的增加,先迅速减小后缓慢减小;具有不同孔隙结构特征的样品水相渗透率变化规律存在差异;相较于SDR模型和Kozeny-Carman模型,分形方法能够更好地体现孔隙结构变化对渗透率的影响。  相似文献   

5.
对挡潮闸枢纽中矩形中孔、底孔鱼道中紊流结构进行了较为系统的试验研究,并做了放鱼试验。选择了一种鱼类偏爱流速所对应的流量作为典型流量,考虑了不同的孔口位置(中孔和底孔),用声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)量测了测点的三维瞬时流速及流向,分析了矩形孔口鱼道的三维时均流速分布特征、断面最大流速沿程变化规律、流速矢量场、紊动强度分布及雷诺应力分布。此外,还通过放鱼试验,利用在鱼体植入T形标签和高速摄影机观察了过鱼对象对中孔、底孔的反应情况,分析了过鱼对象与矩形孔口鱼道紊流结构的关系。试验结果表明:水流经中孔形成三维紊动自由射流,经底孔形成三维壁面射流,中孔纵向流速呈高斯分布,而底孔纵向流速则近似为高斯分布,流速由孔口向两侧逐渐减小;中孔和底孔横向流速在位于孔口范围内的纵剖面上沿程减小,孔口之外则变化较小;中孔和底孔垂向流速分布特征表现为在铅垂方向上均存在旋涡;在中孔水平面和纵剖面上,纵向最大流速均沿程衰减;中孔和底孔情形孔口处紊动强度和雷诺应力比非孔口处大得多,而非孔口处不同水深平面上紊动强度和雷诺应力变化趋于平缓;过鱼对象喜爱在紊动强度分布的峰值区和雷诺应力较大变幅区溯游。  相似文献   

6.
利用X射线计算机断层扫描系统(CT)获得不同饱和度下含水合物石英砂内部气、水、水合物各相态分布特征,通过有限元方法计算了不同水合物饱和度下石英砂液相渗透率变化,并模拟了流体在孔隙内的流动情况,获得了假定边界条件下孔隙流体的三维流速分布。研究结果表明,随着水合物饱和度的降低,渗透率逐渐增大,其中当水合物饱和度从56%下降到39%时,液相渗透率值增速最大;水合物分解末期,液相渗透率并未随着有效孔隙度的增大而快速升高,通过CT扫描图像显示,部分石英砂孔隙和喉道可见甲烷气泡滞留,由于气体的贾敏效应在一定程度上阻碍了液体的流动,从而导致液相渗透率增速降低。本研究建立了一种基于石英砂内部真实孔隙特征的液相渗透率和液体流速计算方法,可为水合物开采过程中储层微观渗流演化机理研究提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
位于南卡罗来纳近海的布莱克海台的海洋地震数据及测井表明:含有气体水合物的沉积层覆盖于含游离气的沉积层之上,造成了明显的地震似海底反射(BSRs)。我们将一个理论的岩石物理模型应用到二维的布莱克海台海洋地震数据,以确定气体水合物与游离气的饱和度。高孔隙度的海洋沉积物可以模拟为一个颗粒状的系统,其弹性波速度与孔隙度、有效压力、矿物成分、孔隙充填物的弹性属性以及孔隙空间中水、气体及气体水合物的饱和度相关。将此模型应用到地震数据时,我们首先通过叠加速度分析获得层速度。其次,除孔隙度,水、气和气体水合物的饱和度等参数外,通过地质信息获得岩石物理模型的其他输入参数。为了从层速度信息中估算孔隙度和饱和度,我们首先假定整个沉积物中不含气体水合物或游离气,然后,根据岩石物理模型由层速度直接计算孔隙度。在气体水合物与游离气出现的区域,这些孔隙度的数据特征出现异常(无气体水合物或游离气的沉积物中期望的标准数据特征与获得的数据特征相比较而言),低估水合物区域中的孔隙度,而高估含游离气区域的孔隙度。我们用带有异常值的孔隙度数据减去标准的孔隙度特征数据(不含气体水合物和气体)来计算剩余孔隙度。然后,我们应用岩石物理模型剔除气体水合物或气体饱和度引起的异常,最终获得理想的二维饱和度图。因此,这样得到的气体水合物最大饱和度占孔隙空间的13-18%之间(取决于所用模式的型式)。在布莱克海台钻井中(不在地震测线上)测量的饱和度大约为12%,这与计算结果一致,游离气体的饱和度在1-2%之间变化。饱和度的估算值对于输入的速度值相当敏感,因此,采用准确的速度对得到合理的储层特性相当关键。  相似文献   

8.
沉积物含天然气水合物后通常会引起速度的增加,与周围地层形成较大的波阻抗差异,利用地震波阻抗反演技术可识别出这种差异,从而预测天然气水合物的分布。测井资料具有较高的纵向分辨率,而地震资料横向分辨率较高,通过井震联合反演可获得天然气水合物准确的空间展布形态。利用井震联合反演技术对南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物储层进行了精细刻画,研究表明,该矿区天然气水合物储层表现为高波阻抗特征,其值域范围为3 450~4 500m/s·g/cm3,同时根据有效介质模型建立了岩石物理量版,预测了天然气水合物储层的孔隙度和饱和度数据,预测结果与测井解释结果吻合度较高,为天然气水合物的资源评价提供了比较准确的物性数据。  相似文献   

9.
利用在胶州湾采集的47组同站位多介质样品,进行了痕量金属Pb、Zn及其它环境因子的化学成分测试,讨论了胶州湾水-沉积物-生物系统中Pb、Zn的生物地球化学总体特征及其在各介质平面上的分布,揭示了胶州湾水-沉积物-生物系统对陆源物质输入的响应.垂向上表层沉积物是Pb、Zn组分的富集带,该系统中的生物相对于其所处水环境具有显著的富集作用,生物体中Pb、Zn生物浓缩系数分别为36、935;横向上,Pb、Zn在底层水和沉积物介质中的分布主要受控于河口,即高值区分布于胶州湾的各个主要河口区,特别是在沉积物中金属组分浓度的高值区主要集中分布于胶州湾的东部.而孔隙水中Pb、Zn的高值主要分布于水交替较弱的海域,如红岛前缘.但生物体中的痕量金属组分化学场空间分布规律与上述各介质的化学场均不吻合,亦即是生物体中痕量金属组分的浓度与其所处环境中的同名金属组分浓度无关.作者认为,生物对痕量金属组分的富集并不简单地取决于它所处环境介质中同名金属组分的总量,而存在形态上的选择性.通过回归分析揭示了孔隙水对生物体中Pb、Zn的富集贡献较大.  相似文献   

10.
南海陆坡天然气水合物饱和度估计   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
基于双相介质理论和热弹性理论,建立了沉积层纵波速度与天然气水合物饱和度、弹性性质及地层孔隙度之间的关系。通过对比饱和水的理论P波速度与实际P波速度,可以得到天然气水合物饱和度。根据ODP184航次的电阻率、声波速度、密度等测井资料以及地质资料,初步推断南海陆坡存在天然气水合物。根据声波测井的纵波速度估算出南海1146和1148井天然气水合物饱和度分别为孔隙空间的25%~30%和10%~20%,1148井个别沉积层天然气水合物饱和度可达40%~50%。沉积层的纵波速度与饱和水速度差值越大,天然气水合物饱和度越高。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, modeling results are presented demonstrating that, using an ensemble of forward-scattering measurements from a rippled sand/water interface, it is possible to accurately estimate the plane wave, flat surface reflection coefficient. The modeling effort was carried out in preparation for a sediment acoustics experiment in 2004 (SAX04). Guided by the modeling results, forward-scattering measurements were made during SAX04. The measurement instrumentation and procedure are presented. The plane wave reflection coefficients derived from these measurements are given and compared to reflection coefficients calculated using a fluid model and an approximation to the Biot porous medium model for the sand known as the effective density fluid model (EDFM). The model reflection coefficients were calculated using acoustic parameters determined from environmental measurements carried out by other researchers involved in SAX04. The reflection coefficient data/model comparison indicates that the sand at the SAX04 site is most accurately viewed as a porous medium for acoustic modeling purposes.   相似文献   

12.
A second-order solution of waves passing porous structures   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Only linear theoretical analyses of wave interaction with porous structures exist, mainly due to both the complexities of flows inside the porous medium, and the mathematical inhomogeneous boundary-value problem. Since the hydrodynamic flow mechanism is non-linear a non-linear analysis can better describe the characteristic nature of the problem. In this paper, a generalized potential theory is used to describe both the internal and external water flows. An implicit non-linear model is used to describe flow mechanism inside the porous medium. The perturbation method is used to solve the problem analytically up to the second order. The second-order solution is decomposed into time-dependent and time-independent parts. And, correspondingly, the inhomogeneous boundary-value problems are solved analytically. In the analysis, the second-order characteristics of the problem, including the dispersion equation, wave numbers and friction coefficient, as well as wave reflection and transmission, are investigated in detail. It is shown that the mode swapping of the second-order wave numbers only occurs among the evanescent modes. The second-order friction effects become important in shallow-water cases. The comparison of the results of present theory with experimental results shows that the second-order solution is good correction to the linear theory.  相似文献   

13.
Incompressible SPH flow model for wave interactions with porous media   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The paper presents an Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method to simulate wave interactions with a porous medium. The SPH method is a mesh free particle modeling approach that is capable of tracking the large deformation of free surfaces in an easy and accurate manner. The ISPH method employs a strict incompressible hydrodynamic formulation to solve the fluid pressure and the numerical solution is obtained by using a two-step semi-implicit scheme. The ISPH flow model solves the unsteady 2D Navier–Stokes (NS) equations for the flows outside the porous media and the NS type model equations for the flows inside the porous media. The presence of porous media is considered by including additional friction forces into the equations. The developed ISPH model is first validated by the solitary and regular waves damping over a porous bed and the solitary wave interacting with a submerged porous breakwater. The convergence of the method and the sensitivity of relevant model parameters are discussed. Then the model is applied to the breaking wave interacting with a breakwater covered with a layer of porous materials. The computational results demonstrate that the ISPH flow model could provide a promising simulation tool in coastal hydrodynamic applications.  相似文献   

14.
多孔介质中两相可压缩可混溶驱动问题由一对耦合的非线性方程来描述.Douglas在忽略弥散效应的情况下,讨论了该方程的半离散Galerkin求解方法,并得到了解的最优的L2模误差估计.文章讨论了在考虑弥散效应的情况下该方程的半离散Galerkin方法,并得到了饱和度方程解的最优L2模误差估计.  相似文献   

15.
崇明东滩沉积环境探讨   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
为探讨崇明东滩的沉积环境,了解崇明东滩的植被、水动力等对沉积的影响,对崇明进行了为期一年的实地观测和采样实验分析研究,研究结果表明:①沉积物中含有细砂、粉砂、黏土,其中粉砂是主要组分。塑造滩地的动力以潮汐作用为主,波浪作用居于次要地位;②沉积物的平均粒径自北线断面向南线断面、自高潮向低潮滩有逐渐变粗、分选变差的趋势,且平均粒径具有明显的季节变化;③潮滩季节性冲淤变化主要是与不同季节水文条件的差异性、潮滩植被季节变化及风暴天气等有关。  相似文献   

16.
Asymptotics for the mass concentration of finely dispersed aerosol are obtained on the basis of in situ measurements in a desert in the Caspian region and estimates of hydrodynamic parameters in the viscous thermal boundary layer near the soil surface. In the problem under consideration, the dynamic velocity (friction speed) and the temperature drop in the thermal boundary layer are external parameters. The model of a porous soil layer, in which the air dynamics is described with the use of the Darcy equation, is considered a possible mechanism of aerosol export. The estimates of the critical parameters at which sand particles thermally roll over in soil pores are obtained.  相似文献   

17.
Hydrodynamic performance of solid and porous heave plates   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Heave plates have been widely utilized in floating offshore structures as they can provide additional damping and added mass to improve the hydrodynamic response of the system. This study investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics (added mass and damping) of oscillatory solid or porous disks using model scale experiments. All experiments were conducted via forced oscillation model tests using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). The hydrodynamic coefficients of the solid or porous disk obtained from the force measurements are analysed and presented. The sensitivities of the damping and added mass coefficients to both motion amplitude and the disk porosity are examined.  相似文献   

18.
Recent extensive and important studies have provided detailed information and compelling evidence on how the presence of waves influences the vertical diffusivity/dispersivity in the coastal environment, which can affect various water quality considerations such as the distribution of suspended sediments in the water column as well as the potential of eutrophication. Comparatively, how the presence of waves influences the horizontal diffusivity/dispersivity has received only scant attention in the literature. Our previous works investigated the role played by the Taylor mechanism due to the wave-induced drift profile which leads to the longitudinal dispersion of contaminants in the horizontal direction, under regular sinusoidal waves and random waves with single-peak spectra.Natural waves in the coastal environment, however, often possess dual-peak spectra, comprising both higher frequency wind waves and lower frequency swells. In this study, the Taylor dispersion of contaminants under random waves with dual-peak spectra is examined through analytical derivation and numerical calculations. The effects of various dual-peak spectral parameters on the horizontal dispersion, including the proportion of lower frequency energy, peak frequency ratio and spectral shape parameter, are investigated. The results show that the relative energy distribution between the dual peaks has the most significant effect. Compared with single-peak spectra with equivalent energy, the Taylor dispersion with dual-peak spectra is stronger when the lower frequency is close to the peak frequency of the single-peak spectrum, and weaker with the higher frequency instead. Thus, it can be concluded that with a dual-peak wave spectrum, wind-dominated seas with higher frequency lead to stronger dispersion in the horizontal direction than swell-dominated seas with lower frequency.  相似文献   

19.
苏北陆区古潮成沙体沉积动力环境及物源   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
苏北陆区古潮成沙体和海域辐射沙洲共同构成了统一的苏北南黄海潮成沙洲体系.在众多钻孔资料和地质雷达探测基础上,重点对苏北陆区古潮成沙体进行了沉积磁组构和重矿物分析,证明古潮成沙体属海退层序,是在南、北两侧三角洲发育过程中,以长江、黄河泥沙为主的沉积物质通过沿岸搬运进入早已存在的辐聚辐散潮流场后经潮流沉积和塑造形成的.早期沉积物质主要来自长江,晚期则主要为长江和黄河的联合供沙.认为苏北古潮成沙体是全新世中后期海陆相互作用的产物.  相似文献   

20.
江苏岸外辐射沙脊群东沙稳定性研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
陈君  王义刚  张忍顺  林祥 《海洋工程》2007,25(1):105-113
东沙是江苏岸外辐射沙脊群中的第二大沙洲,具有独特的地形地貌和水动力条件,对它进行稳定性研究为揭示整个辐射沙洲及其邻近岸滩的动态演变都非常有益。通过利用多年遥感卫片资料、1998年取得的现场水文泥沙观测资料和东沙滩面表层沉积物资料等,对东沙的地形地貌特征、沉积特征和东沙两侧潮汐通道的水流泥沙特征等进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,东沙的沙脊偏于西侧,西侧滩面较窄、高程较高且岸线较为顺直,东侧滩面较宽、高程较低且岸线较为破碎;西洋和陈家坞槽均处于冲刷状态,净输沙的主要方向为输向槽外或输向条子泥;东沙近三十年来面积有所缩小且有外围向中央收缩的趋势,尤其以向东、向南方向的迁移最为明显。  相似文献   

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