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1.
微动探测：地层分层和隐伏断裂构造探测的新方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
微动探测作为地层分层和隐伏断裂构造探测的物探新方法,已成为盆地结构调查、地热井位选址和隐伏地质构造探测的重要物探手段.微动测深确定岩性差异较大的地质界面,如新生界地层底界、侏罗系与二叠系地层分界面、二叠系-石炭系灰岩顶界面等,深度误差可控制在5％左右.断层破碎带/隐伏断裂构造在微动视S波速度剖面上显示为低速异常或明显的速度差异,易于识别、解释.二维微动剖面技术已在探测隐伏地质构造(断层、陷落柱等)方面取得较好地质效果.本文介绍其原理、方法和应用实例. 相似文献
2.
松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"两井四孔"之一的松科二井东孔(简称松科二井),位于黑龙江省安达市境内,于2018年5月26日正式完井。松科二井的科学目标涵盖古气候研究、资源能源探索、基础地质研究和发展深部探测技术四个方面。自2014年正式开钻以来,松科二井科学钻探工程组织实施了钻井取芯、原位测井、岩芯元素化学分析以及井周边深部结构探测等工作,目前已取得初步科研进展:获取长4134.81 m原位岩芯资料,完成了对白垩纪最完整最连续陆相地层厘米级高分辨率的精细刻画,初步建立起陆相地层标准剖面;发现了松辽盆地深部非常规天然气资源与盆地型干热岩良好的勘探开发前景;首次重建了白垩纪陆相百万年至十万年尺度气候演化历史,并发现白垩纪气候波动重大事件;揭示了古大洋板块俯冲、聚合的深部证据,为松辽盆地成因再认识及深层油气勘探提供了理论依据。松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程的实施,对探索地球奥秘、解决深部能源环境等重大问题,具有重要意义,是"向地球深部进军"道路上迈出的坚实一步。 相似文献
3.
松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井获取了白垩纪陆相沉积资料, 其中连续、多参数、高分辨率的地球物理测井资料为研究松辽盆地地层的沉积速率变化规律提供了机会。本文利用GR、Th、K、Th/K多种测井数据, 采用天文旋回的方法来计算松科二井登娄库组地层的沉积速率, 并探讨影响地层沉积的主控因素。多种测井数据的频谱分析结果表明了登娄库组地层记录着米兰科维奇旋回信息, 这说明登娄库组沉积过程受天文轨道驱动力影响。Th测井数据对天文旋回信息的敏感性强, 综合考虑多种测井数据的测试结果获得了连续、相对准确的地层沉积速率。登娄库组地层沉积速率从下往上整体呈现为由高到低的趋势。 登二段至登三段时期地层沉积主要受盆地断陷活动控制, 地层整体具有高沉积速率特征, 最高达到 16.2 cm/ka。随后至登四段时期由于断陷活动逐渐减弱, 盆地向区域坳陷的构造格局转化, 登四段整体具有沉积速率较低的特征, 最低为5.9 cm/ka。该研究建立了松科二井登娄库组地层连续的沉积速率剖面, 为揭示松辽盆地由断陷活动过渡到坳陷活动的地质规律提供了测井证据。 相似文献
4.
松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景。为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应。结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件。 相似文献
5.
岩溶塌陷研究目前主要关注100 m以浅的浅部岩溶,埋深大于100 m的深层隐伏岩溶塌陷的研究较少,也未形成成熟的调查方法和标准。深埋岩溶区存在岩溶塌陷的风险,以往资料表明,断裂构造、覆盖层结构等对深埋岩溶塌陷具有重要控制作用。要评价深层隐伏岩溶塌陷的危险性,查明各主控因子的发育特征是前提条件。文章以北京平原区东部深层隐伏岩溶塌陷为例,分析对比了重力测量、电阻率测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、高密度电法及微动测量等5种方法在调查断裂构造、碳酸盐岩地层顶板破碎程度、覆盖层厚度以及覆盖层底部土层结构等4个主控因子的适用性。结果表明:在平原区调查深层隐伏岩溶塌陷主控因子,断裂构造特征建议选择重力测量法和CSAMT;碳酸盐岩地层顶板破碎程度以电阻率测深和CSAMT为好;适用于覆盖层厚度探测的方法为CSAMT、微动测量法和电阻率测深法;覆盖层底部土层结构的探测可优先选择微动测量法和电阻率测深法。 相似文献
6.
国际上公认的上、下白垩统界线绝对年龄为100.5 Ma,该界线的“金钉子”位于海相地层中,而陆相层序中有关该地层界线的“金钉子”迄今尚无报道。陆相上、下白垩统界线的研究对于了解白垩纪中期温室条件下陆地上所经历的古地理、古环境、古气候的演化过程具有重要价值。我国东北地区的松辽盆地发育完整的白垩纪陆相地层,可能为陆相的上、下白垩统地层界线的研究提供连续的地质记录。本文基于松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探松辽盆地南部松科3井全取心资料,通过对岩石类型、岩性序列和沉积相研究,于井深1 191.6 m处的泉头组二段上部滨浅湖相沉积序列中发现灰色、灰绿色流纹质岩屑晶屑沉凝灰岩。通过同沉积期岩浆锆石U-Pb测年获得年龄(96.8±2.9) Ma,时代属于塞诺曼中期。结合前人资料得到研究区登娄库组—泉头组沉积速率为90.54～110 m/Ma,由此确定出上、下白垩统界线位于松科3井泉一段中部(井段1 526.6～1 598.6 m)。本文在考虑测年结果误差的情况下,另外计算出松科3井上、下白垩统界线介于泉二段中部至登四段上部(井段1 279.6～1 917.6 m)。其他学者基于松辽盆地北部松科1井和松科2井... 相似文献
7.
松辽盆地徐家围子断陷沙河子组顶界面特征研究——基于松辽盆地大陆科学钻探松科2井 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为精确划分松辽盆地沙河子组层序地层,限定断陷期沙河子组与营城组地层时代,进而研究断陷期盆地的演化,笔者利用松辽盆地大陆科学钻探松科2井获取的下白垩统地层岩芯资料,从岩芯尺度对沙河子组与营城组界面进行揭示,结合过松科2井地震剖面解释、松科2井及邻井测井响应特征分析和岩芯精细描述,总结出沙河子组顶界面在不同尺度的具体特征:(1)在地震剖面尺度,其表现为明显上超的特征;(2)在测井曲线上,界面附近表现为由下到上自然伽马曲线变化幅度增大,双侧向电阻率曲线由低值变为中高值的特征;(3)岩芯尺度上,表现为细粒沉积的砂泥岩突变为砾岩或火山岩。 相似文献
8.
《地学前缘》2017,(1):257-264
松辽盆地白垩系大陆科学钻探松科2井设计井深达6 400m,是东亚地区最深的科学探井。松辽盆地地温梯度高,深层孔隙流体压力组成与分布十分复杂,因此准确预测地层温度和压力,对整个钻探工程至关重要。通过对松科2井井区探井测温、试油数据的整理分析,探索目的层地温、地温梯度、地层压力与深度规律,对井底温度进行预测,并对主要目的层地层压力和地层破裂压力进行分段预测。利用深度与地温关系、深度与地温梯度关系和深井对比等方法,综合预测6 400m井底温度为238.83~265.11℃。利用松科2井井区地层压力与深度关系,破裂压力系数平均值和DrillWorks软件计算结果,综合预测营城组、沙河子组、火石岭组-井底地层压力分别为30.54~37.72、33.22~59.52和59.52~67.18 MPa,地层破裂压力分别为52.35~58.62,61.88~105.68和104.57~118.03 MPa。 相似文献
9.
松科1井南孔是松辽盆地白垩系科学钻探工程两个钻孔中的一个,位于松辽盆地北部中央坳陷区齐家古龙凹陷敖南鼻状构造的翼部。通过对松科1井南孔嫩二段底部到泉三段顶部连续取心资料的详细描述,建立松科1井南孔岩心剖面,识别出5种常见岩性（泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩）和8种特殊岩性（白云岩、火山灰、油页岩、灰质泥岩、泥灰岩、重结晶灰岩、介形虫碎屑灰岩和介形虫灰岩）。特殊岩性出现的总层数为172层,总厚度为14.516m,分布在青一段,青二、三段,姚二、三段,嫩一段和嫩二段地层中。对松科1井的精细岩心描述和对特殊岩性的识别是后续研究工作开展的基础。 相似文献
10.
威宁-水城断裂近年来地震较为频繁,历史地震最大震级为5.5级,为贵州地震发育较为频繁的一条较大断裂。本文为探查该断裂的隐伏部位的延续,进而判定该断裂隐伏段的位置、走向、倾向、断距等特征,利用微动和浅层地震反射两种物探方法对威宁-水城断裂重点位置进行精确定位。由于面波干扰的影响,根据地震反射剖面很难准确判定浅地表断层的精确位置。本文根据浅地表地层的错断往往会引起地层横向的速度变化的原理,利用微动方法提取2-5Hz频率范围的瑞雷面波相速度频散曲线,再利用面波层析成像方法反演获取面波二维相速度图像,从而反映出浅地表地层速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅地表地层断层的精确位置。将这两种方法同时应用于威宁-水城断层勘探中,可在一定程度上弥补浅层地震反射勘探方法上判定断层浅地表地层精确位置上的不足。同时根据两种物探方法判断断层深浅位置不同,使两种方法能够相互验证。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
15.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
20.
正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献