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1.
王安镇岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因探讨 总被引：14，自引：14，他引：14
王安镇岩体是我国东部太行山-大兴安岭中生代构造岩浆带中规模最大、岩石类型最多的代表性岩体之一,该岩体由早期、主期和晚期三期岩石组成。本文通过对王安镇岩体三期岩石主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的系统研究,发现该岩体主期岩石(花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和少量石英闪长岩)具有与埃达克岩类似的独持的岩石地球化学特征:SiO_2≥56％,Al_2O_3≥15％,低Y(4.20～12.68μg/g)而高Sr(518～861μg/g)和Sr/Y值(60.19～178.10),LREE强烈富集(La/Yb)_N=34.06～76.91,HREE强烈亏损Yb=0.44～1.00,Sr、Eu无明显异常,高场强元素(如Nb,Hf和Ti)相对亏损,I_(Sr)值为0.7060,ε_(Nd)(t)均为负值(-16.29～-14.27),ε_(Sr)(t)均为正值(+23.7～+25.0),应属于埃达克质岩,但又与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩的地球化学组成明显不同,推测可能是由于晚中生代区域内热地幔物质是“蘑菇云”状上涌,使热侵蚀面抬升到地壳底部,导致玄武质下地壳在高压下发生部分熔融的产物。而早期和晚期岩石则属于非埃达克质岩,早期为基-中性岩石(角闪石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩),富Mg、Fe,LREE富集,Eu呈正异常,富集相容元素而亏损不相容元素,I_(Sr)=为0.7056,ε_(Nd)(t)=-16.72～-10.92,推测是华北地台岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融的产物, 相似文献
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埃达克质岩的构造背景与岩石组合 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文介绍了埃达克质岩形成的构造背景与岩石组合。埃达克质岩可以形成于不同的构造背景并与不同类型的岩石同时出现：1）火山弧环境中常出现埃达克质岩一高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合,它的形成可能与板片熔融以及熔体一地幔橄榄岩的相互作用有关;2）大陆活动碰撞造山带环境（如羌塘）中埃达克质岩常与同期钾质或橄榄玄粗质岩共生,这可能与俯冲陆壳熔融和俯冲陆壳熔体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融有关;3）造山带伸展垮塌环境（如大别山）中埃达克质岩会伴随有镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆出露,增厚下地壳产生埃达克质岩浆后的榴辉岩质残留体拆沉进入地幔,与地幔橄榄岩的混合可能形成后期镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆的源区;4）大陆板内伸展环境中埃达克质岩常与同期橄榄玄粗质的岩石共生,增厚、拆沉下地壳,以及富集地幔的熔融或岩浆混合在岩石的成因中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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冈底斯朱诺地区中新世板内热隆伸展成矿 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于冈底斯构造成矿带中段西侧的朱诺地区具有良好的成矿前景,已发现有朱诺大型斑岩铜矿床和铁雅铁铜矿点。野外基础地质和矿床地质调查、构造分析和岩石化学的研究表明,朱诺斑岩铜矿床在构造上受近EW向和近SN向伸展断裂控制,时间上属于中新世青藏高原南部板内构造过程,含矿斑岩具有典型的埃达克质岩特征。朱诺及其所在的冈底斯构造成矿带在中新世处于板内构造环境,板内伸展构造—埃达克质岩—斑岩铜矿系统叠加在早期的俯冲—碰撞构造岩石组合之上。与埃达克质岩形成直接相关的下地壳流动导致冈底斯上地壳及下地壳显著加厚,发生部分熔融作用,下地壳物质可能源于地壳减薄的锡瓦利克盆地,流经喜马拉雅,穿过并改造了雅鲁藏布江缝合带中挤入地壳的洋壳地幔岩石,造成被混入洋壳地幔成分的冈底斯下地壳发生部分熔融,形成埃达克质岩浆,上升并顶托冈底斯上地壳,致使冈底斯上地壳先后发生近EW向和近SN向的伸展,在上地壳伸展扩容空间中含矿埃达克质岩浆沿伸展断裂上升、侵位,并富集成矿。 相似文献
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王安镇杂岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩、石英闪长岩、二长闪长岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩分别形成于129±2.7Ma和128.3±1.9Ma,说明该杂岩体形成于早白垩世。王安镇杂岩体具有高Sr/Y比值(3.63~83.5),和高Sr(373×10-6~821×10-6),及低Y(7.36×10-6~22.21×10-6)、Yb(0.95×10-6~1.27×10-6)含量的地球化学特征,这与埃达克岩相似。该杂岩体具有相对低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0.706538~0.709484)和明显偏低的εNd(128Ma)值(-18.4~-12.8)。结合太行山中生代中-基性侵入岩中地幔包体已有的研究成果,认为具有高Sr/Y特征的王安镇杂岩体是在下地壳发生大规模拆沉的基础上,随着软流圈上涌其所携带的热促使加厚基性下地壳发生部分熔融,之后熔融岩浆在上升的过程中发生了角闪石的结晶分异和岩浆混合作用形成。 相似文献
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湘东北中生代基性岩脉微量元素地球化学特征及岩石成因 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
湘东北中生代基性岩脉可以分为煌斑岩和辉绿岩两类，前者形成于136.61Ma，后者形成于86.18Ma,与华南中生代主要拉张时期相对应。岩石富集LREE，Eu负异常不明显，其形成主要受地幔部分熔融作用制约。早期煌斑岩类微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素总体上具有富集地幔（EMⅡ型）洋岛玄武岩（OIB）特征，富集Nd、P、Cs，而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显，Ta、Nb略有富集，具有软流圈地幔上涌地幔热柱玄武岩岩浆源区性质，表现出软流圈地幔上涌部分熔融的成岩特点。晚期辉绿岩类表现出Ta、Nb、Ti亏损，但LILE并不富集，反映地壳混染程度的增强，具有大陆拉张带（裂谷初期）形成的玄武岩岩浆源区性质，为岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成。二者具有不同的岩浆源区性质，从早期到晚期岩浆源区向上迁移并致使部分陆 物质混入，反映由热点式拉张到岩石圈伸展－减薄的作用过程。 相似文献
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闽西南地区中生代花岗闪长质岩石的同位素年代学、地球化学及其构造演化 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
闽西南地区存在两期中生代花岗闪长质岩石.早、晚两期花岗闪长质岩石分别以汤泉和四方岩体为代表,其形成年龄分别为183～157 Ma和108～105 Ma.汤泉和四方岩体都为A/CNK＜1.0的准铝质花岗岩类,均属板内钙碱型岩石.汤泉岩体因富Na2O、Ba、Sr,贫HREE、Y、Yb有别于四方岩体而具高Sr-Ba低Y的埃达克质岩石特征,是地幔起源的基性岩浆底侵作用,促使加厚的元古代下地壳基性岩部分熔融所形成;四方岩体是地幔起源的基性岩浆与中下地壳物质部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆混合作用的结果.汤泉岩体的形成指示研究区自中侏罗世(180 Ma)以来已有岩石圈伸展的岩石学记录,随时间推移,岩石圈伸展减薄作用愈加强烈,壳幔作用愈加明显,越至晚期岩石中地幔组分含量越高. 相似文献
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拉萨地体中北部革吉县尕尔穷矿区出露一套具有埃达克质岩特征的高镁闪长玢岩。野外观察表明,闪长玢岩与含矿斑岩（闪长玢岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩）在岩性上呈渐变关系,且共同侵位于石炭纪—二叠纪变沉积岩地层,因此它们很可能为同一岩浆事件的产物。尕尔穷埃达克质岩高镁闪长玢岩的地球化学特征显示,它们可能是拆沉下地壳部分熔融的结果。结合区域地质背景认为,在晚白垩世早期（90~86Ma）,拉萨地体中北部可能因地壳加厚而发生拆沉,拆沉的下地壳部分熔融体在上升过程中与周围地幔橄榄岩发生反应,致使岩浆中的MgO、Cr及Ni含量增加,从而形成尕尔穷高镁闪长玢岩的母岩浆。尕尔穷地区具有埃达克质岩特征的高镁闪长玢岩的岩浆作用进一步表明,在印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞之前青藏高原南部中北拉萨地体已经加厚并抬升。 相似文献
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对华北克拉通东北缘、辽东黄泥岭岩体锆石U--Pb年代学和岩石地球化学的测试研究表明,黄泥岭岩体岩性为似斑状含辉石石英二长岩,锆石U--Pb加权平均年龄为174±0. 4 Ma,成岩时代为中侏罗世早期;岩石主量元素具有高Al、Ca、Na、Fe,低Mg特征;δEu弱-无负异常;富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、HREE和相容元素V、Cr、Co、Ni,为"高Sr低Yb型"花岗岩。黄泥岭岩体为C型埃达克质岩,其岩浆来自于加厚基性下地壳的部分熔融。黄泥岭石英二长岩等中侏罗世早期C型埃达克质岩在华北克拉通东缘的大量分布表明,至少从中侏罗世初开始,古亚洲洋构造体系对本区的控制已经结束,环太平洋构造体系主导了本区的构造岩浆活动。 相似文献
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天山北部石炭纪埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb岛弧玄武质岩：对中亚造山带显生宙地壳增生与铜金成矿的意义 总被引：28，自引：30，他引：28
新疆天山北部地区存在有石炭纪的埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合，并且其中许多岩石与铜（金）矿床伴生（如达巴特、阿希、土屋-延东、赤湖，等等）。埃达克岩富钠、高Sr但亏损Y与Yb，无明显Eu-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常与Nb、Ti亏损。高镁安山（闪长）岩是本次研究首次报道的，这些岩石无明显Eu-正Eu异常以及Nb、Ti亏损，普遍具有高的MgO和Cr、Ni含量，其中阿希金矿区一些样品类似于日本西南新生代Setouchi弧火山岩带中的赞岐岩类。富Nb玄武质岩富钠贫钾，具有微弱负．正Ba、Nb和Ti异常以及高的Nb／La比值，不同于大多数正常岛弧玄武岩。天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩具有高的8Nd（t）（＋3．4-＋9．0）和低的（^87Sr／^86Sr）i（0．7032—0．7043）。富Nb玄武质岩具有变化的εNd（t）（＋3．6-＋11．6）和（^87Sr／^86Sr）；（0．7007—0．7067）。我们的研究表明，天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合可能是“埃达克岩交代的岛弧岩浆岩系列”。埃达克岩最有可能由石炭纪北天山洋的年轻洋壳在俯冲过程中熔融形成。另外，俯冲板片产生的熔体以及所释放的少量流体在上升过程中可能交代地幔楔橄榄岩或与其发生反应：一方面，触发地幔楔橄榄岩发生熔融形成富Nb岛弧玄武质岩；另一方面，地幔组分迅速进入到板片熔体中，导致其地幔组分增加，乃至形成高镁安山岩。因此，天山北部地区石炭纪埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合表明：（1）天山北部地区石炭纪可能为岛弧环境而非裂谷环境；（2）天山地区石炭纪的地壳生长可能以侧向增生为主；（3）除了亏损地幔之外，俯冲洋壳的熔融可能也在地壳的生长中发挥了重要的作用；（4）俯冲板片产生的埃达克质岩浆具有高的氧逸度，而其与地幔楔橄榄岩的强烈相互作用将导致地幔中的金属硫化物分解，成矿金属元素进入到岩浆中。这可能是新疆北部铜金矿化与一些埃达克岩、高镁安山（闪长）岩或富Nb岛弧玄武质岩密切共生的基本原因。 相似文献
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甘肃红石山地区印支期花岗岩地球化学特征及成因讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
红石山地区印支期花岗岩位于甘肃北山地区的红石山蛇绿混杂岩带中,由马鞍山北岩体、小草湖岩体和红石山岩体组成,岩性主要为英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,含角闪质和镁铁质暗色深源包体。同位素年龄为237.8-240 M a,是中三叠世侵位的。通过对其岩石化学、稀土和微量元素的研究表明,红石山地区印支期中酸性侵入岩大体可划分为两类：一类为高S r低Y型岩体（马鞍山岩体）,具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,推测可能是加厚的下地壳部分熔融形成的,其残留相为榴辉岩或角闪榴辉岩;另一类为低S r低Y型岩体（小草湖岩体和红石山岩体）,以较低的S r、A l和具明显的负铕异常而区别于埃达克质岩,又因其低Y和HREE而类似于埃达克质岩,推测源岩残留相中有斜长石存在,相当于高压麻粒岩相环境,可能也形成于加厚下地壳底部。 相似文献
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根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。 相似文献
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青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化, 相似文献
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E. M. Korobova 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(13):1205-1282
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature. 相似文献
- — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
- — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
- — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.
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铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
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The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries. 相似文献
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N. P. Laverov L. I. Lobkovsky M. V. Kononov N. L. Dobretsov V. A. Vernikovsky S. D. Sokolov E. V. Shipilov 《Geotectonics》2013,47(1):1-30
The tectonic evolution of the Arctic Region in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic is considered with allowance for the Paleozoic stage of evolution of the ancient Arctida continent. A new geodynamic model of the evolution of the Arctic is based on the idea of the development of upper mantle convection beneath the continent caused by subduction of the Pacific lithosphere under the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates. The structure of the Amerasia and Eurasia basins of the Arctic is shown to have formed progressively due to destruction of the ancient Arctida continent, a retained fragment of which comprises the structural units of the central segment of the Arctic Ocean, including the Lomonosov Ridge, the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise, and the Podvodnikov and Makarov basins. The proposed model is considered to be a scientific substantiation of the updated Russian territorial claim to the UN Commission on the determination of the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Region. 相似文献
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B. K. Maloney 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):355-362
While botanists, archaeologists, historians and linguists have contributed to the debate on the origin of the coconut pollen analysts have been silent. This article attempts to integrate the results of recent palaeoecological research with findings from the other disciplines. 相似文献