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基于GIS技术的江西德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿山开发必然对矿区及周边地区的生态环境造成危害。对矿山及其周边地区的生态环境进行现状调查和评价,为生态环境治理客观依据,显得极为重要。在江西德兴地区,系统采集该区域330个水系沉积物样品,并采用X荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪为主体的分析配套方案分析样品中重金属的含量基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法和GIS空间分析技术研究该地区的水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害。研究结果表明,德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害范围较大,强—很强的生态危害区主要集中德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区,而乐安河下游沿岸以及乐平附近与西北部景德镇附近的少数煤矿区、婺源县城附近和东南角玉山县北西的铜钼矿点附近地区主要为零星中等生态危害。 相似文献
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基于污染指数法和GIS技术评价江西德兴矿区土壤重金属污染 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以江西德兴大型矿区为例,进行大尺度的土壤环境调查和重金属污染评价。系统采集该区域919个土壤样品,在应用X荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪为主体的分析配套方案分析土壤样品中重金属含量的基础上,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法,分别从原始含量、污染指数以及基于GIS的污染空间分析3个方面进行该矿区的土壤重金属污染评价。结果表明,矿山开采对该区的土壤环境造成了不同程度的As、Cd、Zn、Cu重金属污染。污染区域主要分布在德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、乐安河下游乐平附近的煤矿区以及南部电化学厂附近。 相似文献
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在对德兴矿区可能存在重金属污染的地区进行取样、检测的基础之上,采用了不同方法对德兴矿区土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,德兴地区存在不同程度的砷、汞、铬、镉、锌、铜和铅重金属污染,尤其以德兴矿区为中心的区域污染最为严重。此外,乐安河中下游沿岸地区、西北方向的煤矿区均有不同程度的重金属污染。 相似文献
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大冶铁山地区河流水体及水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
矿产资源的长期勘探、开采和冶炼活动给大冶铁山地区的自然生态环境造成了严重破坏.对该区西港河、东港河河水和水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的研究结果表明,该区矿山开采和冶炼活动形成的重金属污染元素主要为Cd、As、Zn;其主要污染源为冶炼厂排放的废水,其次是采矿废弃物堆积渗漏水;重金属元素在河水与水系沉积物中的空间分布特征较相似,但水系沉积物中元素质量分数比河水中的普遍增高,元素变化的剧烈程度加剧. 相似文献
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贵州万山废弃矿区小流域系统沉积物及悬浮物重金属的空间分布特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
废弃矿山虽已不再开采,但废弃矿坑、旧冶炼场地、埋填的尾矿坝受雨水淋滤仍可通过地表径流对下游地区造成污染。研究废弃矿山水系沉积物及悬浮物中重金属的沿河道分布及相互关系具有重要的现实意义。本文以贵州万山汞矿区下溪河小流域系统作为研究区域,对沉积物及悬浮物中重金属元素进行初步调查,为监测和污染耕地进行修复提供基础资料。通过湿法消解的前处理方法,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子荧光光谱法测定了沉积物及悬浮物样品中Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Zn、Co含量,查明污染现状及空间分布特征,以获取矿区污染物向下游迁移、扩散的信息。结果表明:沉积物中Hg含量范围为0.10～16.0μg/g(干重),平均值为5.79μg/g,是《国家土壤环境质量标准》二级土壤Hg限值的几十倍;Cd在部分站点超标;Ni、Cu、Co含量平均值均不超标;Hg和Cd的变异系数较大,显示空间分布不均的特征。沉积物中Hg为高潜在生态风险级别。研究区沉积物及悬浮物中的Hg浓度与河段的水动力条件有关,最大值出现在河道宽阔、水流平缓的站点。由于万山汞矿早已停止开采和冶炼,本研究提出,自然条件下废弃矿区的风化淋滤引起颗粒物输送是造成河流下游Hg和Cd污染的原因。 相似文献
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通过辽宁铁岭地区柴河流域的多介质采样研究，系统阐述了铅锌矿开采对流域地球化学特征和生态地球化学特征的改变，揭示了元素迁移转化规律，以及对矿区居民的影响。矿山开采造成其下游土壤、水、水系沉积物中Ca、Mg、Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn和s等元素的高度积累，受河流沉积作用影响而表现出纵向和垂向上的有规律变化。土壤、水、水系沉积物等介质中的重金属积累通过河流活动对生态环境构成影响，造成不同种植区域农作物籽实中含量的差异性。重金属元素通过进食和饮水等生理活动进入人体，在头发中聚集，使矿区居民头发中cd等重金属含量高于辽宁其他地区。 相似文献
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长江上游是整个长江经济带的重要生态屏障。以长江上游攀西大梁子铅锌矿区水系沉积物为研究对象,查明了重金属元素含量的空间分布特征,分析了重金属来源,探讨了在不同pH条件下重金属的淋滤规律,并进行了生态风险评估。研究结果显示:攀西大桥河流域水系沉积物中重金属的空间分布极不均匀,其含量明显要高于长江水系沉积物中重金属的平均含量;重金属生态风险属于很强风险,Hg和Cd呈高度富集、严重污染;Pb和Zn呈中度富集、中等污染。淋滤实验结果表明Pb、Zn、Cd在酸性和中性条件下淋滤浓度先快速下降,后逐渐趋于平衡,而As在快速下降后又有缓慢升高的趋势。大桥河流域水系沉积物中As、Cd、Pb、Zn主要来源于大梁子铅锌矿的采选活动,Hg为岩石风化和土壤剥蚀来源,而Cu和Cr主要为农业和工业活动来源。综合对比发现,攀西成矿带铅锌矿周边土壤富Cd而贫Cr,此外Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg是主要潜在污染物,且生态风险程度较高。 相似文献
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An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree‘ , ‘geoaccumulation index‘ , and ‘biological absorption coefficient‘ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le‘an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future. 相似文献
12.
云蒙湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解云蒙湖表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,选取云蒙湖沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As)作为研究对象,测定并分析其在云蒙湖表层沉积物中的分布、来源及生态风险,以期为云蒙湖沉积物中重金属污染治理及饮用水安全保障提供依据。采用富集系数法、相关性分析及聚类分析对重金属来源进行分析,并选用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:云蒙湖表层沉积物中6种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As平均含量分别为20.9、73.1、23.1、62.0、0.4和4.5 mg/kg;与临沂市土壤背景比较,Cd、Zn和Cr的含量超过临沂市土壤背景值,Cd污染最严重。重金属来源分析结果显示:Cd受人类活动影响较大,可能与区域农业和林业施肥有关;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 As这几种重金属以自然来源为主。综合富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法3种评价方法的结果得出,云蒙湖表层沉积物中Cd 为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害。 相似文献
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Heavy metals in freshly deposited sediments of the Gomati River (a tributary of the Ganga River): effects of human activities 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The concentrations of various metals (Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were determined in recently deposited surface
sediments of the Gomati River in the Lucknow urban area. Markedly elevated concentrations (milligrams per kilogram) of some
of the metals, Cd (0.26–3.62), Cu (33–147), Ni (45–86), Pb (25–77), and Zn (90–389) were observed. Profiles of these metals
across the Lucknow urban stretch show a progressive downstream increase due to additions from 4 major drainage networks discharging
the urban effluents into the river. The degree of metal contamination is compared with the local background and global standards.
The geoaccumulation index order for the river sediments is Cd>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb. Significant correlations were observed between
Cr and Zn, Cr and Cu, Cu and Zn and total sediment carbon with Cr and Zn. This study reveals that the urbanization process
is associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn in the Gomati River sediments. To
keep the river clean for the future, it is strongly recommended that urban effluents should not be overlooked before their
discharge into the river.
Received: 16 February 1996 · Accepted: 29 February 1996 相似文献
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Lan Wang Yaping Wang Wenzhao Zhang Chunxue Xu Ziyi An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1183-1193
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment. 相似文献
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以2004年和2011年江西德兴铜矿开采区影响的大坞河流域共计140件水、土、底泥及种植物样品中Cu的含量为研究对象,参考国家标准对大坞河流域不同河段Cu污染进行评价,研究不同环境介质中Cu含量随时间变化的规律,并且探讨种植物中Cu元素的来源。研究表明,从空间上看大坞河源区和上游的样品超标率最高,分别达到70.3%和90.9%。7年间研究区环境介质中的Cu元素总体是趋于恶化的,除地表水和土壤中Cu含量有所降低外,其他环境介质中的Cu含量都有所增加,最明显的是2011年小白菜中的Cu元素含量是2004年的11.68倍。与种植物密切相关的地表水和对应土壤中Cu元素的变化规律存在较大差异,据此推断其Cu元素来源与元素形态、大气干湿沉降等因素有关。 相似文献
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The chemical forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in the Huanghe River sediments have been studied by sequential extraction techniques and the comparison with data from the Rhine River sediments has been made. In the Huanghe River sediments the average contents of metals, without exception, are below their respective contents in average shales and very close to their levels in Ca-poor granites. The major portion of metals is combined with the detrital and moderately reducible phases. Both in the Huanghe River and in the Rhine River sediments the distribution ratios of metals between the moderately reducible and the easily reducible phases are generally more than unity. However, the distribution ratios of Mn, Zn and Cd are obviously lower than those of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb. As a result of contamination, the ratios of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb show an apparent increase, but no remarkable ratio variation is observed for Mn, Zn and Cd. Metals in the Huanghe River sediments, especially Cu and Zn, show a tendency to be associated with the organic phase. The effect of carbonate on metal association preference seems to be less important than that in the Rhine River although there is higher content of carbonate in the Huanghe River sediments. Cd has a greater percentage of the exchangeable phase, which is similar to the result from the Rhine River sediments. 相似文献
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湘江岳阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其初步生态风险评估 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
分析了湘江岳阳段表层沉积物样品中10种典型重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Tl、V、Mn、Co和Ni)的含量水平和分布规律,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了沉积物中重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:(1)湘江岳阳段沉积物中重金属Cd、Zn、Mn和Cu等污染较为严重,其含量范围分别为8.56～19.4 mg/kg、250～367 mg/kg、1489～2258 mg/kg和40.5～64.7 mg/kg;(2)研究区域中多种重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)为369～698,表明研究区域沉积物重金属污染导致的潜在生态风险高,且主要风险污染物为Cd和Tl;(3)湘江岳阳段沉积物呈现出以Cd为主的多种重金属复合污染特征。 相似文献
18.
The distribution, accumulation, and ecological risk of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As) in the surface sediment were investigated in the upper reaches of Hunhe River, Northeast China. Sediment samples from 51 points throughout the upper reaches of Hunhe River were collected and measured for heavy metal concentrations, TN content, and TP content. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations at the vicinity of mines and towns were higher than those at other locations. According to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), Cd and Zn were enriched in the sediments. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to assess the heavy metal sources. Close correlations between metal distribution and TP indicated that the sediments may be affected by application of phosphate fertilizer. Elements, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and As, were grouped together, reflecting they were released from the same sources. PCA suggested that their primary sources were anthropogenic, namely mining and extensive use of fertilizers. Therefore, heavy metal pollution due to mining and agricultural intensification in the upper Hunhe River basin should be taken into account during the formation of regional management strategies for the water environment. 相似文献