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1.
雷达反演水汽在华南前汛期短时临近降水预报应用试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了改善数值预报模式短时临近降水预报能力,采用雷达水汽反演同化方案来提高模式初始水汽场质量。以华南精细预报模式对2013年5月进行了冷启动、热启动和热启动加雷达水汽同化等3个对比试验,并进一步详细分析2013年5月8—9日广东西南部到珠三角地区强降雨过程,探讨雷达反演水汽对短时临近降水预报的影响作用。分析结果显示3个试验结果反映精细模式冷启动不利于1~6 h的降水预报,模式热启动能较好预报前6 h的降水,但对随后预报效果不佳。在热启动的基础上,考虑同化雷达反演的水汽后,不仅较好模拟前6 h的降水,也可以预报出6~12 h的降雨带变化趋势。 相似文献
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A scheme of assimilating radar-retrieved water vapor is adopted to improve the quality of NWP initial field for improvement of the accuracy of short-range precipitation prediction. To reveal the impact of the assimilation of radar-retrieved water vapor on short-term precipitation forecast, three parallel experiments, cold start, hot start and hot start plus the assimilation of radar-retrieved water vapor, are designed to simulate the 31 days of May, 2013 with a fine numerical model for South China. Furthermore, a case of heavy rain that occurred from 8—9 May 2013 over the region from the southwest of Guangdong province to Pearl River Delta is analyzed in detail. Results show that the cold start experiment is not conducive to precipitation 12 hours ahead; the hot start experiment is able to reproduce well the first 6 hours of precipitation, but badly for subsequent prediction; the experiment of assimilating radar-retrieved water vapor is not only able to simulate well the precipitation 6 hours ahead, but also able to correctly predict the evolution of rain bands from 6 to 12 hours in advance. 相似文献
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Through a simple review of low-frequency variation of blocking pattern and diagnoses ofobservational data and combining some experience in forecast practice,we put forward somethought about the mechanism of formation and maintenance of the blocking flow pattern from thesynoptic/climatological point of view,It is emphasized that eastward moving and deepening oftroughs in the upstream of the blocking high,the SST anomalies and topography effect are themain factors of impelling the variation of the blocking high.During the maintenance of Uralblocking high wave-flow interactions are studied through disposition of baroclinic trough(transientwave)and the blocking flow.This study will offer a primary basis for the further theoretical studyon the formation mechanism of the blocking high. 相似文献
4.
Decadal circulation differences between more and less rainfall periods in the annually first rainy
season of Guangxi and their association with sea surface temperature (SST) of the austral Indian Ocean are
investigated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results are shown as follows. A pattern in
which there is uniform change of the Guangxi precipitation shows a 20-year decadal oscillation and a
3-year interannual change. In contrast, a pattern of reversed-phase change between the north and the south
of Guangxi has a 6-year interannual periodicity and quasi-biennial oscillation. In the period of more
precipitation, the surface temperature in Eurasia is positively anomalous so as to lead to stronger low
pressure systems on land and larger thermal contrast between land and ocean. Therefore, the air column is
more unstable and ascending flows over Guangxi are intensified while the Hadley cell is weakened.
Furthermore, the weaker western Pacific subtropical high and South Asia High, together with a stronger
cross-equatorial flow, result in the transportation of more humidity and the appearance of more
precipitation. The correlation analysis indicates that the Indian Ocean SST in Southern Hemisphere is
closely associated with the variation of the seasonal precipitation of Guangxi on the decadal scale by
influencing the Asian monsoon through the cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
5.
基于全球集合预报系统(GEFS)资料,利用WRF中尺度模式及GEFS动力降尺度获取区域集合预报初值场,通过对同化后的分析场进行模式积分实现华南前汛期区域集合预报。对2019年6月10日的一次华南前汛期暴雨过程进行不同同化方案的试验:混合同化(Hybrid)、三维变分(3Dvar)、集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)和对比试验(Ctrl)四组试验的对比分析,探讨具有不同背景误差协方差矩阵的同化方案对区域集合预报集合扰动和集合离散随时间演变特征的影响,评估不同试验的降水模拟效果。(1) Hybrid对模式初始场有较好的改善作用,而3DVar和EnKF对初始场的改善作用不明显。(2) 对风场、温度场和湿度场,在前期预报中Hybrid的预报误差小于3DVar和EnKF,在中后期的预报中,3DVar和EnKF的预报误差得到改善,且好于Hybrid。同样,集合扰动能量,Hybrid和Ctrl在前期预报发展好于3DVar和EnKF,而在中后期的预报3DVar和EnKF好于Hybrid和Ctrl。(3) 从24 h累积降水评分中,整体上同化试验好于Ctrl,3DVar和EnKF好于Hybrid,且3DVar对大中雨级别的降水评分较好,而EnKF对暴雨以上级别的降水评分较好。(4) 对于集合统计检验分析,同化试验的AUC值都大于Ctrl的AUC值,24 h累积降水量阈值在10~100 mm的AUC值,3DVar最好;而125 mm阈值的AUC值,EnKF最好。 相似文献
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广西前汛期降水年代际变化与南半球印度洋海温的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料对广西前汛期降水年代际变化的环流差异及其与前期南半球印度洋海温的关系进行研究,结果表明:广西前汛期整体一致变化的降水分布型具有20年左右年代际振荡及3年左右的年际周期,桂南、桂北反相变化的降水空间型具有6年和准两年振荡.在前汛期降水偏多期,欧亚大陆地表温度偏高,热力作用增强,造成大陆热低压偏强,海陆差异加大,广西区域气柱不稳定性增强,上升气流显著增强,Hadley环流减弱,西太平洋副高及南亚高压减弱,南北半球越赤道气流增强,高原南侧南支槽气流加强,水汽输送增多,造成广西降水偏多;降水偏少期形势相反.相关分析表明前期2～3月南半球中纬度印度洋海温与广西前汛期降水年代际变化呈明显负相关,意味着南半球海温对广西前汛期降水年代际变化有调控作用,这种作用是通过海温异常影响越赤道气流从而影响亚洲季风的强弱而实现的. 相似文献
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1INTRODUCTIONLocatingatthesoutheasternpartofAsia,theSouthChinaSea(SCS)linkstheIndianOceanandwesternPacificandimmediatelyborderswiththeSouthAsiamonsoonregion.ItisanimportantlocationinwhichtheEastAsiamonsoonsysteminteractswiththeIndianOceanoneandamostdirectsourceofmoistureforthesubtropicalmonsoonsysteminEastAsia.TheSCSmonsoonanomaliescandirectlyaffectonthetemporal-spatialdistributionofprecipitationinthesouthofChinaandtheChangjiangRivervalleysothatseriousfloods/droughtsarecaused.Com… 相似文献
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鲍名 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):28-32
The different effects of anomalous convective activities in the tropical western Pacific on two persistent heavy rain events in South China in 2005 and 2006 have been compared in this study. The dataused consist of NOAA Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data, the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and precipitation from meteorological stations in South China. Results show that the persistent heavy rain in 2005 was related to the 10-25-day westward propagation of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific from about 150 °E. The physical mechanism is interpreted as a Gill-type response of subtropical anticyclone westward extension during weak convective activities period over the Philippine Sea. Our researches also show that the persistent heavy rain in 2006 has longer period than that in 2005, and the subtropical anticyclone persists westward in the earlier summer which is possibly related to the lasting anomalous strong convective motion in the southern branch of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the tropic western Pacific. The anomalous convective activities affect the local Hadley circulation over the western Pacific with anomalous ascending motion south of the equator and anomalous descend motion north of it, in favor of the westward extension of the subtropical anticyclone for a long time. Comparison between the two persistent heavy rain events indicates different physical effects of convective activities in the tropical western Pacific, though both effects are helpful to the subtropical anticyclone westward extension as a common character of large-scale circulation backgrounds for persistent heavy rain events in South China. 相似文献
9.
Through a simple review of low-frequency variation of blocking pattern and diagnoses of observational data and combining some experience in forecast practice,we put forward some thought about the mechanism of formation and maintenance of the blocking flow pattern from the synoptic/climatological point of view,It is emphasized that eastward moving and deepening of troughs in the upstream of the blocking high,the SST anomalies and topography effect are the main factors of impelling the variation of the blocking high.During the maintenance of Ural blocking high wave-flow interactions are studied through disposition of baroclinic trough(transient wave)and the blocking flow.This study will offer a primary basis for the further theoretical study on the formation mechanism of the blocking high. 相似文献
10.
针对华南前汛期降水过程,基于全球集合预报系统（GEFS）资料,利用WRF中尺度模式以及GEFS动力降尺度获取的区域集合预报初值场,通过多物理过程参数化方案组合和模式积分方法实现华南前汛期降水的区域集合预报。对2019年5月15日—6月15日共32天的华南前汛期降水过程进行了单一物理过程区域集合预报（REFS_SINGLE）和多物理过程区域集合预报（REFS_MULTI）的数值模拟批量敏感性试验,通过GEFS、REFS_SINGLE和REFS_MULTI的对比分析,探讨多物理过程参数化方案组合对华南前汛期降水的影响,同时利用一次华南前汛期暴雨过程进一步探讨集合预报试验的预报效果。结果表明:（1）REFS集合平均的预报效果明显好于控制性预报。（2）REFS降水集合离散度与预报误差的对应关系好于GEFS。（3）积分48小时后,REFS_MULTI和REFS_SINGLE的扰动能量分别是GEFS的4.7倍和6.3倍。（4）降水级别越大,REFS的TS评分效果就越好于GEFS;REFS_MULTI略微好于REFS_SINGLE。（5）基于32天的批量试验,REFS的AUC值有28天大于GEFS,REFS_MULTI有22天大于REFS_SINGLE,表明REFS的预报技巧好于GEFS,且REFS_MULTI的预报技巧好于REFS_SINGLE。 相似文献
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华南前汛期起止日期的确定及降水年际变化特征分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用国家气候中心提供的华南地区74测站1957—2001年的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对华南前汛期雨季开始期与结束期的定义标准作了改进;研究了华南前汛期降水雨量、雨日的年际变化特征以及变化趋势的空间分布特征;用小波分析法分析华南前汛期降水的周期分布特征。分析结果发现：45年来前汛期开始期总体上呈现偏早趋势,而结束期具有偏晚的趋势,两者的年际变化十分显著;45年来华南全区总雨量、雨日呈正趋势变化,且两者的空间分布特征非常相似。华南前汛期内雨量、雨日总体上呈现增长趋势并且具有明显的年际变化特征,存在准2年、3～5年、6～8年的振荡周期。 相似文献
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广州市空气污染的变化特征及预报 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
利用2002年11月-2004年9月广州市空气污染指数（API）和PM10、NO2、SO2等污染物逐日浓度资料，采用小波分析、相关分析等方法对广州市空气污染的变化特征及与同期地面气象要素的关系进行了分析。并采用最优子集回归方法分别建立冬、夏季API指数及污染物浓度的预报方程。结果表明。PM10是广州市的主要污染物。其次为NO2、SO2。除SO2外，广州市API指数、NO2、PM10等污染物浓度具有冬半年（11-4月）偏高，夏半年（5-10月）偏低的变化规律。API指数及各种污染物浓度均具有明显的年周期振荡及5-7天的准单周、10-20天准双周、30-60天左右的季节内振荡，且30-60天的季节内振荡在冬半年较强而在夏半年较弱。冬半年API指数和PM10、NO2、SO2浓度与气压、风速、降水呈稳定负相关，与温度、相对湿度等呈稳定的正相关，而夏半年主要与风速、降水具有较好且稳定的负相关。增加前一天的污染物浓度作为预报因子后，所建的最优子集回归方程比单选用气象因子要稳定。具有较强的预测能力。 相似文献
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根据１９９１年５－８月江淮特大暴雨资料，使用功率谱和带通滤波结合的方法，研究了１９９１年夏季风和江淮梅雨的准周期振荡，探索季风对异常梅雨的影响。分析指出，１９９１年北半球夏季风活动，江淮流域湿度场和降雨量变化均存在显著的准２４天周期振荡，夏季风的周期振荡，主要表现在西南季风（东南季风不明显），它的位相比降雨量提前２－４左右，其振幅大小较好地反映了降雨量的大小。 相似文献
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热带大气低频振荡强度年际异常对中国东部冬季降水的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用NOAA的逐日向外长波辐射（OLR）资料、NCAR/NCEP资料和中国台站降水资料,以低频振荡的能量与总能量的百分比作为低频振荡强度指数,初步研究了热带地区低频振荡强度的年际变化及其对中国东部冬季降水的影响。结果表明:冬季热带地区低频振荡强度高（低）,则我国东部冬季降水多（少）。热带低频振荡强度的年际变化与欧洲西北部到我国南部的波列及东亚冬季风的年际变化密切相关。在热带低频振荡强度高值年,冬季北非槽和孟加拉湾槽加深,东亚大槽减弱,东亚冬季风减弱,我国东部地区南风异常,水汽输送强,导致降水偏多;反之,在热带低频振荡强度低值年,北非槽和孟加拉湾槽减弱,东亚大槽加深,东亚冬季风加强,我国东部地区北风异常,水汽输送减弱,导致降水偏少。 相似文献
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An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result. 相似文献
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MJO对华南前汛期降水的影响及其可能机制 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
利用站点降水资料、实时多变量MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)指数、向外长波辐射(OLR)资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成分析方法研究了MJO对华南前汛期降水的影响,并讨论其可能机制。结果表明,(1)在MJO不同位相,华南前汛期降水异常有明显的差异,并且这种差异随滞后时长而发生变化。第2~3位相和第6~7位相分别是影响华南前汛期降水的典型"湿位相"和"干位相"。(2)华南前汛期降水对MJO的响应需要一定时间,滞后时长约为1~2候。(3)MJO活跃(受抑)对流可通过激发Rossby波影响华南前汛期降水。当MJO活跃(受抑)对流中心位于赤道印度洋附近时,非绝热加热作用激发的Rossby波到达并影响华南地区,华南地区出现水汽供应的增强(减弱),从而促进(抑制)华南前汛期降水。 相似文献
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THE EFFECTS OF VERTICAL VARIATION OF BASIC FLOW AND HORIZONTAL GRADIENT OF TEMPERATURE ON LINEAR AND NONLINEAR GRAVITY WAVES 
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下载免费PDF全文 By using two-dimensional dynamical equations in x-z plane with Boussinesq approximation,the effects of the second-order vertical shear of the basic flow uzz and the horizontal gradient of temperature (M) on the gravity wave and the isolated gravity wave are discussed.The magnitudes of uzz and M corresponding to the linear and nonlinear stabilities of the gravity waves are worked out,respectively.The results show that amplitude and width of the isolate dgravity wave are closely related to uzz and M.It is indicated that the isolated gravity wave with a width of about 10 km can be motivated by the disturbance of sub-synoptic scale in the certain ranges of flow field shear and temperature gradient,while the motivated waves may be associated with the cold surge ahead of a cold front and the other mesoscale synoptic systems. 相似文献