共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
利用牡蛎壳粉制备缓释氮肥的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前我国化肥当季利用率中，氮约为30％～35％．磷为10％～25％，钾为35％～50％远低于世界发达国家水平，造成肥料利用率低的主要原因是淋溶损失，尤以氮肥、钾肥为最。人们正在努力寻求提高肥料利用率的方法，其中之一是对肥料本身进行改性，开发适合于作物生长需求的新型肥料。研制缓／控释肥料是世界各国普遍采用的有效措施之一。缓释肥料的优点是利用率高，养分损失少，环境友好。但是，目前所用的作为缓释材料的高分子聚合物一般是难降解或不能降解，长期施用也会引起土壤污染。牡蛎壳为一种新型的天然材料， 相似文献
2.
为探索石油污染土壤的高效修复方法,从实验室保存的优势菌中筛选得到4株降油效果最佳菌,采用摇床和恒温培养箱培养,对含油量为5%的石油污染土壤进行微生物菌剂强化处理和环境强化实验.微生物菌剂强化结果表明:4种菌和除油效果最好的A、C、D混合菌3 d可将石油烃依次降解24%、19.81%、22.55%、26.46%、39.67%;并对该菌群的最佳投加配比进行确定,A、C、D菌群数量的最佳配比为NA∶NC∶ND=1∶2∶0.5,3 d内菌群A、C、D在最佳接种配比情况下可将石油烃降解44.2%.环境强化实验结果表明:A、C、D菌群在最佳修复条件营养物质C∶N∶P为75∶8∶3、表面活性剂为0.5%、通气条件为6层纱布、电子受体H2O2的加入量为1.5%下,3 d内石油烃降解61.46%,比自然条件下修复的除油率4.7%提高了56.76%,较只进行菌种强化时最高除油率44.2%提高了约17%. 相似文献
3.
钾是作物生长需要的大量元素之一,也是土壤中常因供应不足而影响作物产量的一个重要元素.在植物体内,钾分布很广,尤其是细胞分裂活跃部位的钾含量很高.钾能增进植物根系吸收土壤中必需的营养元素,促进光合作用,加速光合产物向贮藏器官(种子、根)输送,增进蛋白质的合成,增强植物的抗旱、耐冻、抗倒伏能力等[1] .钾对甘蔗细胞的结构、光合作用、碳水化合物的形成、蔗糖的积累等各种生理活动都有促进作用,能增加甘蔗产量,提高糖分[2] .甘蔗是我国重要的经济作物之一,在糖业中,其产糖量占很大的比重.甘蔗对钾的需要量大,并且十分敏感.据研究,每生产1 t甘蔗约从土壤中吸收钾(K2O)2.0～2.7 kg,因此,人们把增施钾肥作为提高蔗糖糖份的一个主要措施来抓. 相似文献
4.
《东北石油大学学报》2017,(6)
分析辽河油田某区块不同来源油泥中微生物种类多样性、优势菌群和分布特征,探讨功能微生物在含油污染物的生物修复及提高原油采收率的应用可行性。采集辽河油田某区块3个油泥样品,利用第二代高通量测序技术测定油泥样品内微生物的16SrDNA V3-V4可变区序列,整理和统计各分类水平的微生物类群数,分析微生物的丰度、分布和多样性,以及不同位置油泥微生物多样性丰度的差异。结果表明:辽河油田某区块油泥中3组样品属水平的微生物类群数分别为51、135和213,不同来源样品中微生物种类及所占比例差异显著;优势菌群中含有多种已报道可作用原油的功能微生物,如芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和诺卡氏土壤菌属(Nocardiopsis)等;从油泥中筛选的菌株LH-03发酵液表面张力为29.3mN/m,对煤油和液体石蜡乳化层高度分别为6.1和5.7cm,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),与Pseudomonas aeruginosa CB-01复配使用,油泥降解实验除油率达到51.9%,石蜡降解率达到38.9%,填砂管驱油实验可在水驱基础上提高采收率12.7%。辽河油田油泥含有较丰富的微生物修复物质基础,具备通过生物刺激和强化技术实现原位生物修复的可行性。 相似文献
5.
我国是一农业大国,对肥料的需求是巨大的。近年来,在众多种类的肥料中,液体肥料开始崭露头角,被越来越广泛地使用。就其原因,是由于在技术经济上具有突出的优点:一是生产过程比固体肥料简单,不需浓缩,造粒,干燥等工序,使基建投资及生产成本都比较低;二是容易实现机械化施肥,利用喷灌系统就可以直接进行大规模的叶面喷施,或者人工喷施,施肥均匀,用量少,提高了液肥的利用率,与一般施肥方式比较大大地降低了劳动强 相似文献
6.
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)广泛分布在22o～54o S的西南大西洋大陆架及其大陆坡海域,其中35 o～52 o S海域的资源尤为丰富[1]。它是鱿钓等的重要捕捞对象,最高年产量超过100万t,但产量年间波动非常大[2]。掌握阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学是合理开发和利用该资源的基础。各国学者对阿根廷 相似文献
7.
鱼类对植物提取液产生趋向行动（taxis或chemotaxis）属于生态生物化学的范围，这类研究具有广泛的科学和实践意义…。国内用动植物提取液或提取物研究过南方鲶幼鱼、鲤鲫鱼、草鱼鱼种、罗非鱼的摄食行为，国外用氨基酸作为诱食剂。丁[鱼岁]（Tincatinca）是欧洲各国的重要淡水养殖经济鱼类之一，近几年引进我国，并广泛推广，该鱼为底栖鱼类，以植物残渣及水生昆虫为食。目前国内正在大力开发丁[鱼岁]人工配合饲料。为探讨配合饲料生产应用效果，有必要研究丁[鱼岁]的摄食行为。本课题初步研究了丁[鱼岁]对15种植物水提取液的趋向行为特点，为深入研究丁[鱼岁]的引诱物质和人工配合饲料积累基础资料。 相似文献
8.
金属镁，21世纪的绿色金属材料 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
镁资源储量极为丰富镁是10种常用有色金属之一,其蕴藏量十分丰富,在地壳中的含量达到2.1%～2.7%,主要来自海水、天然盐湖水、白云岩、菱镁矿、水镁石等。据估计,目前全世界已探明菱镁矿储量约130亿吨,水镁石几百万吨,另外还有大量的白云石和盐湖镁资源。我国是世界上镁资源最为丰富的国家之一,镁资源矿石类型全,分布广,总储量占世界的22.5%,居世界第一。作为镁资源大国,菱镁矿、白云石矿和盐湖镁资源等优质炼镁原料在我国的储量十分丰富。其中,菱镁矿是我国的优势矿产资源之一,具有世界各国难以比拟的资源优势、质量优势和可规模经营优势,其… 相似文献
9.
我国土地总面积居世界第三位,但由于人口众多,土地资源人均占有量少,人均土地面积权有11.65亩,相当于世界平均的1/3,人均耕地1.59亩、人均林地2.79亩、人均牧草地3126亩,分别只相当于世界平均数的44%、18%和35%;耕地面积大量减少;可开发利用的土地资源不足;土地利用率和产出率低;土地退化、损坏严重. 相似文献
10.
Fe在地表环境中的生物利用率极低,为了适应低铁环境,微生物和植物会分泌一种低分子量有机化合物——铁载体来螯合环境中的Fe(Ⅲ),以满足自身生命活动需求。铁载体在地表环境中普遍存在,并广泛参与微生物、植物和环境中Fe的迁移和转化。系统总结了铁载体的类型、检测方法以及其在矿物溶解、污染修复、植物促生和生物防治等领域的作用研究进展。结果表明：细菌、真菌、蓝细菌和植物均能产生不同类型铁载体,通过螯合作用从环境中摄取和竞争Fe;依据铁载体中特定的官能团,可采用生物方法和化学方法对其进行定性和定量检测;铁载体可以加速铁硅酸盐矿物和铁氧化物/氢氧化物矿物溶解,推动地表环境中不同相态Fe的生物地球化学循环;铁载体能够螯合多种重金属离子并促进有机污染物降解,修复重金属和有机物污染的土壤,维持土壤良好的生态功能和农业生产能力;铁载体还可以捕获植物所需的营养元素并抑制植物病原菌的繁殖,促进植物生长与产量提高,有效进行生物防治。最后,在综述研究的基础上展望了铁载体的未来研究方向,以期为推动铁载体在环境地学领域的研究发挥积极作用。 相似文献
11.
JIANG Guoliang ) * YANG Dong ) LIU Yun ) ZHANG Guanghua ) LI Zhongjun ) ZHANG Xinhua ) ) College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China) Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China) Agriculture bureau of Anqiu Anqiu P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1):62-64
1 Introduction Chinaisboththelargestproducerandthelargestconsumerofchemicalfertilizersintheworld .Since1984 ,Chineseconsumptionofchemicalfertilizerhasincreasedmorethanonetimes ,fromabout 17millionmetrictonsto 35millionmetrictons .However ,dur ingthesameperiod ,theyieldoffoodproductionhasincreasedonlyabout 10 % .Thediscrepancybetweenfertilizerconsumptionandyieldincreasehasindicatedthedrasticdecreaseofthebenefitsofchemicalfertiliz ers .Infact ,theutilizationefficiencyofnitrogenfer tilizerinC… 相似文献
12.
The effect of four bottom substrates, oyster shell powder (OP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), a mixture of OP and SB (OS) and fresh soil (FS), on the water quality and bacterial and zooplankton density of intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture tanks without water change and the growth performance of cultured shrimp were compared in this study. At the end of a 110 days culturing trial, the total ammonium-N (TAN) of the water on SB and the nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) on OS was significantly lower than that on the other substrates (P<0.05), which coincided with the high density of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the water on SB and OS, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased slowly on OP, SB and OS but remained low on FS. The density of total bacteria on OP, SB and OS was one order of magnitude higher than that on FS, and the density of zooplankton on SB and OS was significantly higher than that on FS or OP (P<0.05). The improved water quality and increased density of bacteria and zooplankton on SB and OS may have had a synergistic effect on shrimp culture, improving its growth performance (high survival rate and yield and low feed conversion rate). SB and OS were more effective for improving the growth performance of intensively cultured L. vannamei without water change than OP and FS. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence regarding the effect of different bottom substrates on intensive shrimp culture. 相似文献
13.
We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) and blood cockle(Arca inflata Reeve).The larvae were reared at pH 8.2(control),7.9,7.6,or 7.3beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization.Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species.Compared with the control,larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3.Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3.However,when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization,shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3.Thus,the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions.Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves.Although the effects appear subtle,they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
14.
We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development. 相似文献
15.
Oyster peptides were produced from Crassostrea hongkongensis and used as a new protein source for the preparation of an oyster peptide-based enteral nutrition formula (OPENF). Reserpine-induced malabsorption mice and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice were used in this study. OPENF powder is light yellow green and has a protein-fat-carbohydrate ratio of 16:9:75 with good solubility in water. A pilot study investigating immune functional impacts of the OPENF on mice show that the OPENF enhanced spleen lymphocyte proliferation and the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, OPENF can improve intestinal absorption, increase food utilization ratio, and maintain the normal physiological function of mice. These results suggest that oyster peptides could serve as a new protein source for use in enteral nutrition formula, but more importantly, also indicate that OPENF has an immunostimulating effect in mice. 相似文献
16.
17.
马氏珠母贝选系F_2早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对马氏珠母贝基础群体进行持续选择建立选系F2,比较了选系F2与对照群体早期生长差别,并估计了选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明,在第8、14、21和35天,选系F2的平均壳长显著大于对照群体(P<0.05)。在第8、14、21和35天,选择反应和现实遗传力变化范围分别为0.63～0.89和0.36～0.51。本研究表明利用群体选择可以明显改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状。 相似文献
18.
An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities. 相似文献
19.
A new identification method for five species of oysters in genus Crassostrea from China based on high-resolution melting analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The high phenotypic plasticity in the shell of oysters presents a challenge during taxonomic and phylogenetie studies of these economically important bivalves. However, because DNA can exhibit marked differences among morphologically similar species, DNA barcoding offers a potential means for oyster identification. We analyzed the complete sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I （COI） of five common Crassostrea species in China （including Hong Kong oyster C. hongkongensis, Jinjiang oyster C. ariakensis, Portuguese oyster C. angulata, Kumamoto oyster C. sikamea, and Pacific oyster C. gigas） and screened for distinct fragments. Using these distinct fragments on a high-resolution melting analysis platform, we developed an identification method that does not rely on species-specific PCR or fragment length polymorphism and is efficient, reliable, and easy to visualize. Using a single pair of primers （Oyster- COI-1）, we were able to successfully distinguish among the five oyster species. This new method provides a simple and powerful tool for the identification of oyster species. 相似文献