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气候变化对滑坡的影响关系研究是近年来滑坡灾害研究的热点问题之一。本研究以我国中更新世早中期以来黄河上游和三峡库区的滑坡为研究对象,分析了其发育期与气候变化的对应关系以及气候演变对滑坡发育的作用机理。研究认为: 1）大型古滑坡在时空分布上具有明显的多期性和时段性,大区域滑坡的广泛发育与全球古环境变化的暖湿间冰期之间呈现良好的对应关系。2）黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡段干流区内共发育有3期滑坡,其中早期滑坡多披覆于黄河Ⅲ～Ⅳ级阶地,光释光年龄显示其发生于MIS3时期; 晚期滑坡多披覆于黄河Ⅱ级阶地,发育于MIS1时期; 现代滑坡披覆于黄河Ⅰ级阶地,多为早期滑坡前缘因人类工程活动诱发的次级滑坡。3）三峡库区中更新世早中期以来主要发育了3期古滑坡,并以深海氧同位素的MIS5和MIS3为最多,尤其是中更新世晚期以来,滑坡数量明显增加,延续时间明显增长。 相似文献
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晚更新世以来黄河上游巨型滑坡特征及形成机理初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
滑坡发育与气候变化关系研究是近年来滑坡灾害研究的热点问题之一。本研究以我国晚更新世以来黄河上游的巨型滑坡为研究对象,分析了其时空分布特征、发育期与气候变化的关系以及气候演变对巨型滑坡发育的作用机理。研究认为: （1）大型古滑坡在时空分布上具有明显的多期性和时段性,大区域滑坡的广泛发育与全球古环境变化的暖湿间冰期之间呈现良好的一致性关系。（2）黄河上游龙羊峡刘家峡380km的干流河段内发育有大小滑坡205个,滑坡堆积物的残留总方量为781108 m3,其中巨型滑坡15个,占滑坡总数的73%。（3）干流区内发育有3期滑坡,其中早期滑坡多披覆于黄河Ⅲ～Ⅳ级阶地,光释光年龄显示其发生于MIS 3时期; 晚期滑坡多披覆于黄河Ⅱ级阶地,发育于距今约5kaBP.左右的全新世暖期,现代滑坡披覆于黄河Ⅰ级阶地,多为早期滑坡前缘因人类工程活动诱发的次级滑坡。 相似文献
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通过样品采集和室内分析,研究了成都平原区土壤中Cd高含量区的区域分布特征和第四纪分布的空间响应关联。在绵远河、石亭江流域冲积物中存在Cd含量高值区。在同一流域Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阶地→Ⅲ级阶地→Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级阶地冲积物中Cd含量逐渐降低。发育于龙门山的河流(绵远河、石亭江)沉积物Cd含量显著高于其他水系沉积物。Cd高含量分布区与不同级次的阶地相吻合的特征表明其控制因素显著,属于地质作用的产物。这一结论与多数研究者认为的人为因素引起的具有根本区别。 相似文献
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冀西北坝上高原是河北省的三大地貌单元之一,新构造活动强烈,间歇性断块升降十分明显,主要表现为多级层状地貌、强烈的火山活动、盆地迁移、断裂活动及地震等。区内发育北台期及唐县期两期夷平面,其海拔高度分别为1 700 m、1 500 m左右,其形成时代分别为晚白垩纪—始新世初和中新世未—上新世初。区内发育Ⅰ~Ⅲ级阶地,Ⅰ级阶地河拔高度为1~2 m,形成于晚全新世早期;Ⅱ级阶地河拔高度为6~12 m,形成于早全新世初期;Ⅲ级阶地河拔高度为25~30 m,形成于晚更新世晚期。 相似文献
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青藏高原贵德盆地东部的松坝峡峡谷区分布有多处特大型和巨型岩质古滑坡,其滑动后曾堵塞黄河干流形成巨大堰塞湖。文章在野外调查、样品测试和高分影像解译的基础上,分析了松坝峡特大型和巨型滑坡的空间特征、滑坡堰塞湖地貌形态及湖泊溃决后的环境效应,主要取得了以下认识:(1)贵德盆地东部晚更新世以来至少发育了7处特大型-巨型古滑坡,其中松坝峡左岸和右岸滑坡发生后堵塞黄河形成面积达150 km~2的古滑坡堰塞湖;(2)该堰塞湖湖相纹泥层厚约14 m,湖相层底部和顶部14C年代分别为4 030+/-30 BP和1 090+/-30 BP,指示堰塞湖持续了约3 000 a;(3)贵德盆地东部晚更新世以来地貌演化时间顺序:松坝峡左右岸滑坡发生→堰塞湖形成→古洪积扇发育→堰塞湖溃决→革匝滑坡发生→古河道摆动和近百年泥石流扇发育。 相似文献
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藏南帕里地区发育有2级湖积阶地,前人对其Ⅱ级湖积阶地的形成时代存在争议.热释光测年结果表明,湖积Ⅱ级阶地形成于89～58 kaBP,Ⅰ级阶地形成于约4kaBP.根据湖相地层的分布、沉积物特征和测年结果,将帕里地区湖泊发育划分为帕里湖期(89～58kaBP)、外流湖期(23～10kaBP)和多庆错湖期(10～2.5kaBP)3个演化阶段.Ⅱ级湖积阶地对应于帕里湖期发育阶段;外流湖期发育于末次冰期晚冰阶,以冰碛为主要特征,此时喜马拉雅山主脊带分水岭北移至现今荡拉山的位置;多庆错湖期形成了大型冲积扇(5.7～5.15kaBP)和湖积Ⅰ级阶地,湖面面积大幅度萎缩.2.5kaBP后藏南局部地区开始沙化,帕里地区湖体减少,呈现今天的面貌. 相似文献
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2017年3月24日,受冰雪消融影响,新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇乡喀拉亚尕奇村发生滑坡灾害,滑坡堵塞皮里青河,形成堰塞湖,未造成人员伤亡。通过现场调查分析和数值模拟,结果表明:(1)皮里青河滑坡成灾过程为:河流冲刷坡脚,前缘局部滑动→发生蠕滑-拉裂,坡体强烈变形→在冰雪融水入渗作用下发生整体滑动→堵塞河道,形成堰塞湖→堰塞体溃决;(2)因气温升高,冰雪消融入渗是滑坡形成的直接诱因,雪水入渗后并转化为地下水,黄土含水达到饱和,孔隙水压力增高,滑坡稳定性系数降低,在重力作用下发生整体高速下滑;(3)分析了新疆地区冰雪消融引起滑坡灾害链的成灾模式,为进一步科学地指导防灾减灾提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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通过样品采集和室内分析,研究了成都平原区土壤中Cd高含量区的区域分布特征和形成原因。在绵远河、石亭江流域冲积物中存在Cd含量高值区。Cd高含量区域分布Ⅰ、Ⅱ级阶地-Ⅲ级-Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级阶地冲击物中Cd含量逐渐降低。发育与龙门山的河流(绵远河、石亭江)沉积物Cd含量显著高于其他水系沉积物。Cd高含量分布区与不同级次的阶地相吻合的特征表明其控制因素显著,属于地质作用的产物。这一结论与多数研究者认为的人为因素引起的具有根本区别。 相似文献
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百色盆地位于广西壮族自治区西部,右江穿过盆地中间流向南东。笔者在前人研究的基础上,通过野外地质调查,得出了百色盆地西部地区普遍发育Ⅰ-Ⅲ级阶地,其中Ⅲ级阶地遭受断裂活动改造破坏,呈阶梯状台地,在百色市东富联村可见Ⅳ级阶地发育。总结了百色盆地右江阶地各级阶地特征,并通过TL热释光测年,得出了Ⅱ级阶地河流阶地底部堆积物的年龄为距今(16.736±1.422)×104～(17.712±1.506)×104a,Ⅲ级阶地河流阶地堆积物的年龄为距今(21.097±1.793)×104～(29.365±2.496)×104a。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献