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1990-2014年西藏季节冻土最大冻结深度的时空变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
最大冻结深度是季节冻土变化的主要指标,也是季节冻土地区工程设计、建设、运营的重要参数。通过斯蒂芬（Stefan）方法计算了1990-2014年西藏地区季节冻土的最大冻结深度,分析了其时空变化特征,结果表明：近25 a西藏地区季节冻土最大冻结深度在空间分布具有垂直分带性、纬度地带性和区域性等规律,基本上呈自西北向东南方向递减的空间分布特征;时间上,在全球气候变暖的背景下,最大冻结深度基本呈逐年减薄的特征。西藏地区季节冻土最大冻结深度与年平均气温和年降水量呈现负相关,随着年平均气温和年降水量的上升,最大冻结深度呈减小的趋势,且最大冻结深度对年平均气温的响应比对年降水量的响应显著。 相似文献
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亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度空间差异的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以亚洲高山区2001-2016年基于MODIS积雪产品提取的30 km格网融雪末期雪线高度数据集（744个格网）及气象再分析资料为主要数据源,采用克里金插值、空间变异函数、回归分析和相关分析等方法分析了亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的空间分布规律及空间异质性,并定量分析了其主要影响因素。结果表明：亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度空间分布存在较强的异质性,青藏高原内部雪线高度较高（5 967 m）且空间变化梯度较小,北部的阿尔泰山、天山雪线高度较低（< 4 500 m）,西部地区雪线高度等值线分布最为密集。在30 km格网尺度上,亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度具有明显的空间自相关性,空间自相关距离约为1 550 km。纬度、经度和海拔对亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的相对贡献率分别为60.5%、2.6%和36.9%,而在不同子区域其相对贡献率存在差异。夏季气温是影响亚洲高山区融雪末期雪线高度的主导因素,45.6%的格网主要受夏季气温的影响,而且在不同区域均有分布;以年降水量为主要影响因素的格网约占18%,主要分布在喀喇昆仑和帕米尔等区域;仅10%的格网主要受年辐射量的影响。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2021,4(3):389-401
Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China. In recent decades, glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario, thereby exerting tremendous influences on regional water resources. The primary role of understudying watershed scale glacier changes under changing climatic conditions is to ensure sustainable utilization of regional water resources, to prevent and mitigate glacier-related disasters. This study maps the current (2020) distribution of glacier boundaries across the Kaidu-Kongque river basin, south slope of Tianshan Mountains, and monitors the spatial evolution of glaciers over five time periods from 2000–2020 through thresholded band ratios approach, using 25 Landsat images at 30 m resolution. In addition, this study attempts to understand the role of climate characteristics for variable response of glacier area. The results show that the total area of glaciers was 398.21 km2 in 2020. The glaciers retreated by about 1.17 km2/a (0.26%/a) from 2000 to 2020. The glaciers were reducing at a significantly rapid rate between 2000 and 2005, a slow rate from 2005 to 2015, and an accelerated rate during 2015–2020. The meteorological data shows slight increasing trends of mean annual temperature (0.02°C/a) and annual precipitation (2.07 mm/a). The correlation analysis demonstrates that the role of temperature presents more significant correlation with glacier recession than precipitation. There is a temporal hysteresis in the response of glacier change to climate change. Increasing trend of temperature in summer proves to be the driving force behind the Kaidu-Kongque basin glacier recession during the recent 20 years.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on revealing the status quo and variation of glaciers in the western region of Tanggula Mountains. The ratio threshold, NIR water identification and visual interpretation were used to extract the boundary of glaciers based on Landsat data (TM/ETM+/OLI) from 1990 to 2015. In particular, the NIR water identification is a new method to extract glaciers from water, which is suitable to improve the traditional method of ratio threshold. This study used spatial interpolation method to evaluate temperature and precipitation changes. The kriging interpolation method was adapted to manipulate and to extract the appropriate data based on ten weather stations. Comparing to the variations and characteristics of glaciers and climate change from 1990 to 2015, we concluded that glacial retreat in the western region of Tanggula Mountains was serious. The glacier area reduced from 1 693.65 km2 to 1 490.81 km2, respectively, in 1990 and 2015, in general, approximately 202.84 km2 (11.98%) of glacier area has been retreated in the last 25 years. Moreover, the rate of glacier decline after 2000 was much faster than the last decade of the 20th century. In addition, the decreased area of glaciers in the lower altitude basins below 5 000 meters occupied 94.84% of the total change area while the glacier above 5 000 meters almost had no change. The kriging interpolation of the meteorological data indicated that the southeast of the study area was damp and hot while the northwest was cold and dry. The characteristic of temperature distribution from the northwest to the southeast presented from low to high, and precipitation increased in the first of the study period and then decreased but both of them were not very significant. In short, the temperature of study area was increased more prominently since 2000, while the precipitation change was very weak. The mean annual temperature and precipitation of 1980-1989a, 1990-1999a, and 2000-2013a were -3.53 ℃, -3.20 ℃, -2.22 ℃, and 384.49 mm, 354.27 mm, 428.13 mm, respectively. The study found that the glacier change was consistent with temperature variation in spite of the adverse effects of increased precipitation. Therefore, the research concluded that the precipitation change was not more significant comparing to temperature change. In other words, the main reason of the rapid decrease of glaciers in study area was likely due to the rise of temperature. 相似文献
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基于MODIS数据的青藏高原冰川反照率时空分布及变化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰川反照率对冰川融化具有重要影响,以2000-2013年MODIS的MOD10A1逐日积雪反照率数据资料为基础,分析了青藏高原冰川反照率的时空分布及变化。结果表明：冰川年平均反照率变化范围是0.42（枪勇冰川）~0.75（PT5冰川）,其中夏季平均反照率变化范围是0.45（来古冰川）~0.69（东绒布冰川和古里雅冰川）。冰川反照率空间分布并没有明显的规律性,而冰川反照率的变化速率空间分布规律明显——南部较大往北减小,北部反照率出现增大现象。研究区内大部分冰川反照率呈波动降低的趋势,年平均反照率和夏季平均反照率变化速率最大值都出现在枪勇冰川,分别是-0.015 a-1和-0.019 a-1。木吉和木孜塔格冰川年平均和夏季平均冰川反照率都增大,木吉冰川是由于2012年的高反照率引起的,而木孜塔格冰川主要与该地区气温降低、降水增多有关。 相似文献
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西藏藏东南地区地处青藏高原东南部,地势陡峭。多期次板块构造运动、岩体间相互挤压运动导致地质灾害频繁发生且规模大。针对该区域的地质灾害调查与监测研究工作对防灾减灾具有重要意义。文章以藏东南然乌地区为研究区,分别利用升降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据对该区域隐患灾害点进行识别,并分析了SAR影像几何畸变对地质灾害识别的影响。通过对InSAR监测结果进行分析,文章最终共圈定了区域内的滑坡、冰川隐患灾害点67处。同时,为了更好的分析灾害体的形变特征和规律,选取了然乌区域安目错北岸三处典型冰川灾害体,利用多维小基线子集（MSBAS）技术获取了坡体的二维(水平东西向和垂直向)形变速率和时间序列。通过对吉穷隆冰川、迫弄冰川和瓦巴村冰川三处典型冰川的形变时间序列结果进行分析,发现从2018年1月到2020年10月,三个冰川水平东西方向上的最大累计位移量分别达到了202 mm、283 mm、194 mm,垂直方向上最大累计位移量分别达到了97 mm、?155 mm、?163 mm。水平方向上三处典型冰川表现为加速变形趋势,垂直方向上表现为缓慢蠕滑变形趋势。同时分析了瓦巴村冰川二维形变时间序列与降雨量和温度相关性,结果表明降雨和温度的变化对坡体冰川形变具有一定的影响。研究成果对高山峡谷区地质灾害隐患点的识别具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
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青藏高原冰川对气候变化的响应及趋势预测 总被引：49，自引：3，他引：46
青藏高原是世界上中低纬度地区最大的现代冰川分布区,这里冰川末端在近百年来总的进退变化趋势是退缩,但在本世纪初至20～30年代和70～80年代间多数冰川曾出现过稳定甚至前进。对比近百年来气候变化,冰川变化虽然滞后于温度变化,但它们之间存在着很好的对应关系,多数冰川对温度变化滞后时间在10～20年间。根据80年代以来平均物质净平衡值,大致将青藏高原划分为:内部为平衡或正平衡区;向外为负平衡区;边缘为强负平衡区。以冰川对气候响应滞后关系预测,在今后10～20年间,青藏高原边缘冰川末端仍继续处于后退,而高原内部冰川末端位置变化不大。 相似文献
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中国西部末次冰期以来冰川、环境及其变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
晚更新世以来,由于青藏高原及其周围山地的上升,中国西部的气候愈来愈干冷,冰川发育受到抑制。末次冰期最盛时,雪线比今日低300—1500m,古冰缘下限比今日低300—1400m,高山带的气温比今日低3—7℃,高原外围地区低8—10℃。青藏高原从13000aB.P.开始气候变暖,6000aB.P.高温期时冰川强烈退缩或消失,4000—3000aB.P.气候又再次变冷进入全新世新冰期和现代小冰期。目前气候又开始变暖,大部冰川又转入后退时期。 相似文献