共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 877 毫秒
1.
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)是我国重要的渔业捕捞和水产养殖对象,但野生中华绒螯蟹溯河洄游过程中的摄食生态尚不明确。本论文以长江野生中华绒螯蟹为研究对象,沿其洄游路线设置3个采样区域,采集不同发育时期的幼体及其潜在的食物来源等样品。通过对比分析幼体及食源样品的碳、氮稳定同位素特征,对中华绒螯蟹溯河洄游期的食物组成及变化进行探讨。结果发现,从大眼幼体到幼蟹,碳稳定同位素(δ~(13)C)呈现逐渐变轻的趋势,氮稳定同位素(δ~(15)N)呈现逐渐变重的趋势。表明中华绒螯蟹从大眼幼体到幼蟹的发育过程中,随着幼体不断向上游江段回溯,食物中陆源物质的比例逐渐增大,食物来源由浮游性食物向底栖性食物转变,且营养级逐渐增高。综合分析证明,在生境多样化、食物来源复杂的河流生态系统中,δ~(13)C值呈现的是食物来源的区域性和特异性,可以识别中华绒螯蟹洄游过程中的食源变化。δ~(15)N值虽受到区域氮源以及生物地球化学过程的影响,仍能体现幼体发育过程中营养级的差异。 相似文献
2.
为了解东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunustrituberculatus)资源时空分布规律,探索更适合三疣梭子蟹资源量预测的模型方法,根据2006—2007年共四个季度在东海北部海域的底拖网调查数据,运用梯度提升回归树(gradientboostingregressiontree,GBRT)和支持向量机(supportvector machine,SVM)这两种机器学习方法,分析了三疣梭子蟹时空分布与环境因子之间的关系,同时使用方差解释率(VE)、相对均方根误差(RMSE)以及决定系数R2等指标对不同模型的拟合效果、预测性能以及稳定性等进行了比较,选择其中最佳模型对东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹资源分布进行预测。结果显示, GBRT模型的拟合效果相对优于SVM模型,两种模型的拟合结果均显示底层海水盐度(SBS)为影响三疣梭子蟹资源分布最为显著的环境因子。GBRT模型的预测性能较高且模型较为稳定,其预测结果显示夏季的资源量高于其他三个季节,且各季节所研究海域的东南部均存在一个资源分布的低值区。研究结果预期可为三疣梭子蟹资源分布及资源量预测新方法的探索和分析提供技术指导。 相似文献
3.
中华绒螯蟹幼体资源生态及养殖生态学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）俗称河蟹,属短尾类十足目甲类动物［１］,其幼体广泛分布于我国河口地区,主要生活在河口半咸水和海水中。亲蟹在河口区产卵,孵化后幼体营浮游生活,具有强烈的趋光性,并且表现为群聚特征,易被径流带离河口区。幼体发育到后期已基本到陆架区,大眼幼体变态为一期仔蟹后营底栖生活。营底栖生活的仔蟹背离陆架区往河口区移动而完成幼体的生长发育［２］。中华绒螯蟹在自然海域资源补充过程中主要采取ｒ－对策,一只亲蟹一般可产卵５～９００００粒,由于营浮游生活的幼体易被其他海洋… 相似文献
4.
5.
盐度对不同卤虫品系存活和生殖性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者采用中国渤海湾盐田固有的渤海湾孤雌生殖卤虫(Bohai Bay Artemia parthenogenetica,BHB)和分别源自美国旧金山湾盐田(SFB)与越南Vinh Chau 人工养殖(VSFB)的两性生殖卤虫(A. franciscana),研究盐度(分别为70, 125 和180)对上述品系卤虫存活和生殖力的影响。结果表明, 在实验盐度范围内, 所有品系卤虫存活率随盐度升高而显著降低, 但与BHB 卤虫相比, SFB 和VSFB 卤虫对高盐度的耐受力较强。盐度显著影响BHB 卤虫性成熟时间和产后代间隔时间, 并随盐度的升高而延长,但对SFB 和VSFB 卤虫没有显著影响。所有品系卤虫每窝产幼体或产卵数量均随盐度升高而有降低的趋势。较低盐度(70)下, BHB 卤虫以产幼体占绝对优势, VSFB 产幼体较多, SFB 产卵较多; 而在较高盐度(125 和180)下, VSFB 以产幼体占绝对优势, SFB 和BHB 也以产幼体居多。总之, 与SFB 和BHB 相比, VSFB 在高盐环境下存活率较高, 且以产幼体占绝对优势, 表明VSFB 卤虫更适应于高盐盐田环境,有利于该品系卤虫在盐场建立优势种群。 相似文献
6.
作为常见的肺螺亚纲生物,日本菊花螺Siphonaria japonica(Donovan,1824)会将卵带产于潮间带岩石上,因此会经常遭受降水的影响。为阐明降水对日本菊花螺胚胎发育和幼体孵化的影响,本研究通过实验室模拟和野外原位取样相结合的方式分析了降水对卵带内胚胎发育状态、幼体累积孵化数、单位时间幼体孵化最高值和最高值出现时间的影响。结果表明:实验室模拟降水会显著影响卵带胚胎发育和幼体孵化(P0.05);自然降水并不会影响幼体累积孵化数(P0.05),但会显著加快幼体孵化速率(P0.05)。 相似文献
7.
为探究长蛇鲻(Saurida elongate)的生态习性和分布规律,并为长蛇鲻资源的合理利用与养护提供科学依据,本文根据2016年秋季在山东南部近海进行的渔业资源与环境调查数据,分析了该海域长蛇鲻的分布特征,研究长蛇鲻成体、幼体的分布差异,并利用广义可加模型(GAM)研究其分布与生物因子和环境因子的关系。结果表明,长蛇鲻成体与幼体的分布存在差异,成体分布范围广,幼体主要分布在30 m等深线及以浅水域。GAM模型的结果表明,饵料生物、底层水温、水深和底层盐度是影响长蛇鲻相对资源量分布的主要因子。成体、幼体的分布与影响因子的关系差异极显著(P<0.01)。长蛇鲻成体的相对资源量随饵料生物和底层水温的增加表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而幼体呈现一致上升趋势;成体和幼体的相对资源量随水深增加均呈下降趋势;幼体相对资源量随底层盐度增加有明显上升趋势,而盐度对成体的影响不显著。本研究认为山东南部近海是长蛇鲻的重要栖息地,水温和盐度是成体和幼体分布差异的可能原因。 相似文献
8.
南极夏季南设得兰群岛周边海域浮游动物优势种群的分布、丰度及种群结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2013/2014年夏季在南极南设得兰群岛周边海域使用北太平洋网采样品及同步环境调查资料,分析了南极大磷虾(Euphausia superba)、拟长臂樱磷虾(Thysanoessa macrura)、尖角似哲水蚤(Calanoides acutus)和近缘哲水蚤(Calanus propinquus)这四种优势浮游动物的丰度和分布特征。结果表明,南极大磷虾和拟长臂樱磷虾在南设得兰海域均有较为广泛的分布,其中南极大磷虾丰度较高,且它们的水平分布存在一定程度的空间分离。在研究海域东部的南奥克尼群岛(South Orkneys)邻近海域发现了大量的南极大磷虾原蚤状C期幼体,表明大磷虾曾于1月中上旬左右产卵繁殖。研究海域的东部南极大磷虾种群结构以幼体前期为主,而西部的种群结构则以幼体后期、未成体和成体为主。尖角似哲水蚤和近缘哲水蚤的空间分布也较为广泛,且两者分布基本一致。东部南奥克尼群岛临近海域的浮游植物浓度较低,这可能是大量南极大磷虾幼体和桡足类摄食活动的结果。 相似文献
9.
10.
蓬莱19-3 油田事故溢油数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用FVCOM(Finite-volume coastal ocean numerical model)数值模型和MM5风场预报模式,在对渤海海域水动力场进行数值模拟的基础上,基于"油粒子"的欧拉-拉格朗日跟踪法和随机走动原理,并考虑风对溢油油膜漂移扩散的直接作用,建立了海洋溢油油膜漂移轨迹和扩散的数值预测模型。利用建立的模型对2011年6月蓬莱19-3油田事故溢油进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与RADARSAT卫星遥感监测数据相吻合。研究结果表明:在渤海中部地区夏季事故溢油模拟预测中,风漂移因子取0.024最为合理,模型可用于渤海蓬莱19-3油田附近事故溢油轨迹和扩散的快速预报,从而为该区域的溢油事故应急响应提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, is distributed along the east coast of the United States from Cape Cod, Mass., through the Gulf of Mexico, including both relatively unpolluted coastal areas and estuaries contaminated with trace metals. Cadmium is of particular concern because it is concentrated in the digestive glands of blue crabs and can be passed on to consumer organisms. Tissue concentrations and partitioning of trace metals from crabs exposed in the laboratory to 10 ppb dissolved cadmium for 40 days were compared with blue crabs collected from two locations on the Hudson River, NY, Foundry Cove and Haverstraw Bay, Foundry Cove and Haverstraw Bay, both of which have elevated trace metal levels relative to estuarine areas near Beaufort, NC. Crab digestive glands, gills and muscle were removed and analyzed for total cadmium, copper, zinc and nickel concentrations using acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and metal-binding (metallothionein-like) proteins were determined by gel-filtration chromatography. In crabs exposed to cadmium in the laboratory, the cytosolic partitioning was similar to previous investigations at our laboratory where higher levels of cadmium (100 ppb) and shorter exposure times (14 days) were used. The similarity in cadmium partitioning from these two separate experiments indicates dose independence. In crabs from polluted environments the digestive glands contained the highest concentrations of trace metals. Chromatograms of the cytosol from the digestive glands and gills from both field and laboratory exposed crabs showed similar distributions of cadmium, copper and zinc. The gills of both field and laboratory-exposed crabs had metal-binding proteins that contained mostly cadmium, and the digestive glands had metallothionein-like proteins that contained cadmium, copper and zinc. Estimated molecular weights for these proteins were similar to the metallothioneins found in other crustaceans and mammals. 相似文献
12.
采用FIASCO方法构建了中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)(CA)_n微卫星富集文库,对214个阳性克隆进行测序,筛选获得60条含有微卫星的序列,其中可设计引物的序列共38条。38对微卫星引物在37个中国鲎个体中PCR检测发现,只有9个位点具有多态性,其等位基因数为5—14个,每个位点平均具有8.1个等位基因。9个位点之间不存在连锁。利用该9个具有多态性微卫星标记分析了中国沿海9个中国鲎地理群体的种群遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明:中国沿海的中国鲎种群遗传多态性水平仍较高, 9个地方群体间无遗传差异,它们之间未见显著分化,且有着较高的基因流;推测人为的迁移是造成遗传无分化的主要原因。我们建议中国鲎已绝迹的海域可从其他海域引入中国鲎个体来恢复地方群体资源。 相似文献
13.
本研究依据2006—2007年与2016—2017年各个季节在厦门海域采样获得的蟹类样品数据,对比分析了其种类组成、资源密度及其多样性指数。结果表明：厦门海域蟹类的种类组成有较大变化,种类更替率为55.32%,伴随着在两次调查中扇蟹科、方蟹科和关公蟹科等物种的新出现及梭子蟹科和长脚蟹科物种的消失,同时蟹类丰度（d）有所减少;均匀度(J)、种类多样性指数（H′）和资源密度变化较小;蟹类的群落结构变得更单一,容易遭到破坏;研究期间拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramamosain）资源出现一定程度的恢复,蟹类资源的平均个体质量有所增加,其中秋季蟹类个数密度增长较为明显。本研究建议在保证严格禁渔等管理的同时,加强对其海洋栖息地的管理和恢复。 相似文献
14.
Recruitment variation of eastern Bering Sea crabs: Climate-forcing or top-down effects? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the last three decades, population abundances of eastern Bering Sea (EBS) crab stocks fluctuated greatly, driven by highly variable recruitment. In recent years, abundances of these stocks have been very low compared to historical levels. This study aims to understand recruitment variation of six stocks of red king (Paralithodes camtschaticus), blue king (P. platypus), Tanner (Chionoecetes bairdi), and snow (C. opilio) crabs in the EBS. Most crab recruitment time series are not significantly correlated with each other. Spatial distributions of three broadly distributed crab stocks (EBS snow and Tanner crabs and Bristol Bay red king crab) have changed considerably over time, possibly related in part to the regime shift in climate and physical oceanography in 1976–1977. Three climate-forcing hypotheses on larval survival have been proposed to explain crab recruitment variation of Bristol Bay red king crab and EBS Tanner and snow crabs. Some empirical evidence supports speculation that groundfish predation may play an important role in crab recruitment success in the EBS. However, spatial dynamics in the geographic distributions of groundfish and crabs over time make it difficult to relate crab recruitment strength to groundfish biomass. Comprehensive field and spatially explicit modeling studies are needed to test the hypotheses and better understand the relative importance and compound effects of bottom-up and top-down controls on crab recruitment. 相似文献
15.
Stephen R. Wing Louis W. Botsford Lance E. Morgan Jennifer M. Diehl Carolyn J. Lundquist 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):859-872
We investigated sources of inter-annual variability in larval supply to crab and sea urchin populations at Bodega Head and Point Reyes in northern California. During the spring and summer upwelling seasons of the years 1992 through 1997 we monitored the weekly settlement rates of nine species of crabs and two species of sea urchins. As observed in previous studies, daily values of alongshore windstress, temperature and salinity provided evidence for the poleward flow of relatively warm, low salinity water from south of Point Reyes, an apparent retention zone, during upwelling relaxation events. In years dominated by these events (1992, 1993, 1995 and 1996) we observed that alongshore windstress, temperature and salinity were coherent and temperature was significantly correlated with cancrid crab settlement. During these years the magnitude of cancrid crab settlement and the fraction of cancrid crabs relative to other crab species settling were high. Over four years of concurrent sampling there was consistently greater cancrid crab settlement at the Point Reyes site, within the retention zone, than at Bodega Head. Settlement of non-cancrid crabs (porcellanids, grapsids, pagurids and majids) was not as closely linked to intra-annual patterns of upwelling and relaxation, possibly due to the shorter seasonal availability of larvae allowing for the influence of fewer relaxation events. Settlement of this group among years was positively correlated with environmental indicators of strong seasonal upwelling; high salinity, Bakun upwelling index and low temperature. Sea urchin settlement events were observed in June and July of 1992, 1994 and 1997 during warming periods when salinity and temperature were increasing and alongshore windstress was low. Across the six years of the study, we found that cancrid crab larvae had a more even seasonal availability than larvae of non-cancrid species, which settled in greatest numbers during the early portion of the upwelling season. Sea urchins settled in greatest numbers during the later part of the upwelling season. Together these patterns demonstrate the taxon-specific way that inter-annual variability in larval supply is forced by the coincidence of larval availability with favorable physical transport mechanisms. 相似文献
16.
Charles E. Tilburg Ana I. Dittel Charles E. Epifanio 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):570-578
Alongshelf transport in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight is forced by buoyancy-driven currents originating in three large estuaries along the bight. These currents are strongest in the coastal ocean near the southern terminus of each estuary, while the analogous region on the northern side is characterized by weak subtidal flow. We used a combination of field observations and numerical modeling to test the hypothesis that these regions of weak subtidal flow are coastal null zones that serve as retention areas for larvae. The field study consisted of a four-day, shipboard investigation of the distribution of blue crab larvae (Callinectes sapidus) near the mouth of Delaware Bay (39°N, 75°W) in late summer, 2004. Hydrographic surveys of the study site were conducted with a hull-mounted, surface-measuring system. Results showed a sharp boundary between the null zone and the buoyancy-driven current to the south. Blue crab larvae were collected in surface plankton tows along a 30-km transect that encompassed these two areas. Stations with higher densities of larvae were clustered in the null zone during both ebb and flood tides. A numerical model was used to examine the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed distribution. Model results agreed with the field survey and showed that simulated larvae are aggregated in the null zone. The simulations also demonstrated that larvae spawned within the null zone have a much greater probability of settling in juvenile nursery habitat within the bay. The close agreement between field and model results provides consistent support for the hypothesis that coastal null zones associated with the buoyancy-driven circulation of large estuaries may allow retention of larvae in the vicinity of the natal spawning population. 相似文献
17.
为深入认识深海溢油输运过程和提高深海溢油事故的应急响应能力,文章以2010年墨西哥湾“深水地平线”事故为例,采用深海溢油输移扩散模型,以三维流场和海面风场为主要环境动力,数值模拟溢油深海泄漏后的浮射扩散、水体中输移扩散以及在风场和流场共同作用下在海面上输移扩散的全过程,同时模拟实施海底消油剂喷注处理措施后溢油输移轨迹和扩散范围的变化。研究结果表明：数值模拟结果与相关报道的悬浮油带实际观测结果以及美国国家海洋与大气管理局的海水异常遥感监测结果总体相符,可为更加全面和精细的深海溢油输移扩散数值模拟研究奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
18.
Wind-driven circulation is a mechanism that may be involved in the shoreward transport of invertebrate larvae. This study investigated the temporal variability of the supply of crab megalopae to an estuary located in the northwest coast of Portugal, which is affected by seasonal upwelling, and related variations in supply to several upwelling indices. Megalopae of the European common shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.). were collected daily, using artificial settlement substrates, during a 3-month period, from March 15 to June 15, 2000. Two settlement episodes were detected, which were consistent with the variation in abundance and size of juvenile crabs. Variations in subtidal sea level and sea surface temperature anomaly were correlated with the strength of along-shore wind stress and consistent with upwelling theory. Contingency analyses showed positive significant associations between increasing intensity of southerly winds and megalopal supply, for time lags of 0–6 d, indicating that shoreward transport occurred during relaxation or reversal of upwelling favourable winds. Associations between megalopal supply and tidal range or the duration of nocturnal flood were not detected. Compared to other studies of the supply of crab megalopae to coastal habitats that used a similar methodology, very low numbers of megalopae were collected during this study. The paucity of C. maenas megalopae in the Ria de Aveiro is in agreement with the low densities of this larval stage in the plankton, and indicates that maintenance of the population is achieved despite a low supply of megalopae. 相似文献
19.
The Gulf of Nicoya, an estuary on the Pacific coast of Central America, contains a large population of the portunid crab Callinectes arcuatus. Results of a 12 month survey indicated that spawning activity occurs throughout the year, but with a distinct peak during the five-month dry season (December-April). Mature females were most prevalent in the upper regions of the gulf during the rainy season and appeared to migrate to the lower gulf to spawn during the dry season. Patterns of spawning and apparent migration differed from those reported in an earlier study of C. arcuatus along the Pacific coast of Mexico. 相似文献
20.
Spatio-temporal variability in faunal assemblages surrounding the discharge of secondary treated sewage 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Macrofaunal assemblages inhabiting the intertidal zone surrounding an input of secondary treated effluent were sampled in order to determine how the pollution impact varied temporally and spatially. Assemblages varied along the pollution gradient formed by the Bolivar Wastewater Treatment Plant outfall in Gulf St Vincent, South Australia. While the abundance of some species did not vary, the abundance of juvenile western king prawns (Melicertus latisulcatus) and blue crabs (Portunus pelagicus) progressively decreased with proximity to the outfall. Species richness and diversity also decreased towards the outfall. An increase in nutrient content in the water adjacent to the outfall is likely to explain these changes. At distances of 4 and 5 km away, species diversity increased and the abundance of M. latisulcatus decreased, possibly due to a change in habitat from sand to seagrass. The occurrence of a storm prior to sampling on one occasion masked the effects of pollution and habitat changes. The results of this study suggest that the disposal of treated effluent into Gulf St Vincent is having a localised effect on the faunal assemblages surrounding the discharge point. 相似文献