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1.
电池的寿命和性能状态，通常是用充放电的方法判断。这种方法在时间和人力物力上都很不经济，难以为广大用户所采用。本文简要介绍了近年国外在这方面的研究概况，并对国内外进展情况进行了对比分析，提出了国内有关单位应协作研究的建议。 相似文献
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根据１９９０年现场调查及前期观察资料，论述了海南岛新海弧形海湾不同岸段由主要动力驱动过程和海滩地貌结构组成的４种海滩地貌状态，为Ⅰ．隐蔽段消散类型，Ⅱ．脊－沟体系与低潮台地类型，Ⅲ．韵律海滩与砂坝类型，Ⅳ．开敞段消散类型。应用泥沙粒级参数概率模型分析近岸泥沙纵向运动趋势，结果表明，常波况下，沿岸泥沙存在双向运动，湾顶海滩为汇集地带，泥沙纵向运动主趋势为西南向；高能条件下，海岸北段可出现北向泥沙运动 相似文献
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华南沿海海滩状态和演变 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据华南沿海不同区域和不同形态海滩的地形和碎波参数计算分析，得出本区存在着４种平均海滩状态：（１）消散优势型海滩；（２）沿岸坝－槽型海滩；（３）沿岸坝沟或低潮阶地型海滩；（４）反射优势型海滩。华南海滩状态除有长期的侵蚀趋势外，存在明显的季节演变，它与波浪作用的变化关系密切；此外，人为建造的海岸工程也可引起海滩状态的变化，今后在其开发利用中必须予以注意。 相似文献
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根据华南沿海不同区域和不同形态海滩的地形和碎波参数计算分析，得出本区存在着４种平均海滩状态：（１）消散优势型海滩；（２）沿岸坝－槽型海滩；（３）沿岸坝沟或低潮阶地型海滩；（４）反射优势型海滩。华南海滩状态除有长期的侵蚀趋势外，存在明显的季节演变，它与波浪作用的变化关系密切；此外，人为建造的海岸工程也可引起海滩状态的变化，今后在其开发利用中必须予以注意。 相似文献
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国外砂质海滩沙坝地貌动力学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从地貌动力学角度综述了沙坝时空变化、实地观测技术、形成机制和海滩状态，以及沙坝分类研究的成果。文中从三个方面介绍了沙坝的成因：（１）破波点－沙坝过程；（２）长周期驻立边缘波；（３）波流联合输沙。指出今后的重点和方向是探求沙坝的运动和形态特征与近岸环流模式的关系，以及与沙坝时空变化相联系的潲滩过程。海滩沙坝地貌动力学的研究有赖于运用先进的技术和长期的实地观测。 相似文献
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一、前言 海洋锰结核是当今举世瞩目的海底矿产资源，它的开发和利用不仅会改变世界金属供求的现状，而且对今后相当长的时期内人类物质文明的发展也将产生影响，锰结核的外部形态和宏观构造是人们早就知道的(图1A、B为两枚深海锰结核的外形)。但其内部的矿物晶体结构和元素存在状态则是一个很复杂的问题，在国外已经做了多年工作， 相似文献
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报道１９８９～１９９０年山东省３０多个大中型代表水库浮游动物的种类组成，种类频级、优势类群。主要种和生物量；统计分析掠食性与植食性浮游动物生物量，浮游动物与浮游植物生物量及浮游动物与代表水库营养状态指标的总磷，透明度和深度的关系。提出浮游动物个体越小，其生物量与水库营养水平关系越密切。 相似文献
8.
钦州湾内湾贝类养殖海区水环境特征及营养状况初探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据1998年10月和1999年5月的调查资料，阐述了钦州湾内湾水环境特征及N／P的变化，以DIN，DIP，COD和Chl-1为富营养化指标，用营养状态质量指数（NQI）分析探讨了该湾的营养状态，并从富营养角度讨论了该湾的污染程度。 相似文献
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波群的波向线方程 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
汪炳祥 《山东海洋学院学报》1986,16(3):1-14
海浪传入浅水域后发生的折射，是影响该海域的波动状态的重要因素之一，从而关系到船舰在大陆架航行的安全，关系到近海和近岸海洋工程的选址及其结构物的设计，关系到海岸线和海滩的演变，所以日益引起海洋学界和海洋工程学界的注意和讨论。 相似文献
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风浪宏观特征量是描述风浪场特征的重要物理量。作者基于风浪有停留在混乱运动状态的趋势的性质对风浪场特征量间的关系进行了研究。主频波频率附近的波动自风摄取能量,风浪吸收的能量通过非线性相互作用在谱中重新分配。谱中能量的重新分配产生多尺度波动,这导致风浪波面的混乱运动(风浪处于混乱运动状态)。在稳定状态,风浪运动最为混乱。当风浪状态偏离最混乱运动状态,谱中非线性相互作用引起的能量重新分配将使风浪回到该状态。基于线性海浪理论导出风浪场特征量间的关系。导出的关系与观测结果进行了对比,发现理论结果与观测结果很好地符合。风浪场宏观特征量间存在固有关系。尽管目前风浪场特征量关系的观测结果存在差异,但本文中证明,所导出的理论关系与实验结果很好地符合。 相似文献
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海浪破碎使得海面产生飞沫水滴,由于飞沫水滴的存在改变着大气和海洋之间的能量传输。飞沫生产函数一般认为是水滴初始半径和风速的函数,但海浪时刻存在于海-气界面,仅仅考虑海面风的作用,而忽略海浪的影响是不够完善的。白冠覆盖率是海浪破碎的重要特征参数,有研究者发现白冠覆盖率与海面风速和海浪均存在相关性。本文尝试从白冠覆盖率出发,构建飞沫水滴的生成函数参数化方案,将描述不同飞沫水滴半径的飞沫生成函数基于白冠覆盖率参数有机整合,然后结合白冠覆盖率和海浪状态的关系,利用实验室观测数据,分析不同海浪状态条件下海浪对飞沫生成函数的影响。研究结果表明,新的考虑波浪效应的飞沫生成函数可以合理地描述不同海浪状态条件下飞沫水滴的生成过程。 相似文献
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Data of a comprehensive laboratory study on the coexistent system of wind waves and opposing swell (Mitsuyasu and Yoshida, 1989) have been reanalyzed to clarify the air-sea interaction phenomena under the coexistence of wind waves and swell. It is shown that the magnitude of the decay rate of swell due to an opposing wind is almost the same as that of the growth rate of swell caused by a following wind, as measured by Mitsuyasu and Honda (1982). The decay rate is much smaller than that obtained recently by Peirson et al. (2003), but the reason for the disagreement is not clear at present. The effect of an opposing swell on wind waves is very different from that of a following swell; wind waves are intensified by an opposing swell while they are attenuated by a following one. The phenomenon contradicts the model of Phillips and Banner (1974), but the reason for this is not clear at this time. The high-frequency spectrum of wind waves shows a small increase of the spectral density. Wind shear stress increases a little due to the effect of opposing swell. The intensification of wind waves by opposing swell and the small increase of the spectral density in a high-frequency region can be attributed to the increase of wind shear stress. Such organized phenomena lead to the conclusion that the hypothesis of local equilibrium for pure wind waves (Toba, 1972) can also be satisfied for wind waves that coexist with opposing swell. The recent finding of Hanson and Phillips (1999) can be explained by this mechanism. 相似文献
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关于Bretschneider风浪频谱的注记 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
依据作者提出的海浪能量外观分布，即外频谱的概念，重新推导了Ｂｒｅｔｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ风浪谱，极大地简化了Ｂｒｅｔｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ原来的推演过程，并对谱的系数予以订正，将订正后的Ｂｒｅｔｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ和Ｍｏｓｃｏｗｉｔｚ谱进行了比较，结果表明，两种风浪频谱在数学表述上是完全等价的。 相似文献
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两参量的海面阻力系数模式的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从风浪的能量平衡方程出发，引进若干风要素与波要素以及波要素之间的定性关系，经演算可导出海面阻力系数（Ｃｐ）或是风速（Ｕ）和波龄（β）或是Ｕ和波高（Ｈ）的函数，然后沿用最小二乘法，终将得出４组１２个回归方程。当β（或β）或Ｈ为某一给定值，惟有Ｕ为唯一参量时，所提各式均可简化为非线性方程：ＣＤ＝ａ＋ｂ，Ｕ＋ｃ．Ｕ＾２；式中ａ，ｂ和ｃ为三个经验系数，就所检验的例子而言，本文的结果与实际的符合前人的为好。 相似文献
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Subrata K. Chakrabarti 《Applied Ocean Research》1984,6(2):73-82
The contribution of the steady drift force on a floating structure may arise from waves, wind and current. The component of the wave drift force may be due to the second-order diffraction theory or potential effect and may be due to the velocity squared force or viscous effect. The presence of current in waves increases the effect of the viscous force. The expressions for these terms for a vertical cylinder are derived and their relative importance is investigated. Plots are presented showing the regions where the viscous or potential drift force predominates. Experiments were conducted with both small and large diameter cylinders. The mean drift forces obtained in these tests are compared with the theory. 相似文献
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Using all of the atmospheric patterns classified by Polyakova A.M., we accomplished calculations of the surface wind fields
over the North Pacific for wind waves observable 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after a storm and the swell waves observable 24,
48, and 72 hours after a storm. The considerable extension of the ocean creates quasi-unlimited speeding up of the wind waves
during continuous strong winds (over 20 meters per second). This determines the presence of wide areas of highly developed
wind waves with a 5% probability that the wave heights will exceed the 10–12 meter estimates. The swell waves decay faster:
their height reduces by half in 24 h, while, in 72 h, they achieve the background level of the ocean’s swell waves. 相似文献
19.
In this article, the authors study the influence of a constant wind on the displacement of a vortex. The well known Ekman current develops in the surface layer and is responsible for a transport perpendicular to the wind: the Ekman drift.An additional process is, however, evidenced, whose importance is as strong as the Ekman drift. There indeed exists a curl of the wind-driven acceleration along isopycnic surfaces when they are spatially variable (they enter and leave the depth where the wind stress acts), which generates potential vorticity anomalies. This diabatic effect is shown to generate potential vorticity anomalies which acts on the propagation of vortical waves and non linear vortices.It is shown that this effect drastically reduces the effect of the Ekman drift for linear waves and surface intensified vortices, while extending its effect to subsurface vortices. It also generates along wind propagation, whose sign depends on the vortex characteristics. 相似文献
20.
Investigated is the coupled response of a tension leg platform (TLP) for random waves. Inferred are the mass matrix, coupling stiffness matrix, damping matrix in the vibration differential equation and external load of TLP in moving coordinating system. Infinitesimal method is applied to divide columns and pontoons into small parts. Time domain motion equation is solved by Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Jonswap spectrum is simulated in the random wave, current is simulated by linear interpolation, and NPD spectrum is applied as wind spectrum. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate random waves and fluctuated wind. Coupling dynamic response, change of tendon tension and riser tension in different sea conditions are analyzed by power spectral density (PSD). The influence of approach angle on dynamic response of TLP and tendon tension is compared. 相似文献