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1.
Tunisia is a marginal country hydrologically and it has adopted a number of distinctive methods of water management for agriculture. The central region supports modern dam irrigation, whilst traditional rainwater harvesting is practiced in the south. These contrasting techniques are described and evaluated in terms of sustainability using empirical field data and secondary literature for two study sites. Research focuses primarily on the physical environment, but socio-cultural and economic viability are also examined. Analysis indicates that traditional water management advantageously partitions the continuum dividing hazards and resources through subtle manipulation of the environment. A potentially hazardous environment is rendered secure by resourceful water management based on community action and cumulative knowledge. This practice minimizes community dependency and local economic imbalance. With dam irrigation, carrying capacity is established more forcibly by centralized control in order to place society within world markets. An almost total break from environmental variability is made in the short term, but this can lead to disequilibrium over longer durations. Additionally, the spatial and social distributions of development are uneven. In Tunisia, maintenance of traditional methods can reduce the negative impacts caused by modern programmes and support their positive characteristics. A mix of both methods offers a foundation to sustainable water supply in the new millennium. 相似文献
2.
Benjamin Adams Krzysztof Janowicz 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):556-579
There has been significant progress transforming semi-structured data about places into knowledge graphs that can be used in a wide variety of geographic information systems such as digital gazetteers or geographic information retrieval systems. For instance, in addition to information about events, actors, and objects, DBpedia contains data about hundreds of thousands of places from Wikipedia and publishes it as Linked Data. Repositories that store data about places are among the most interlinked hubs on the Linked Data cloud. However, most content about places resides in unstructured natural language text, and therefore it is not captured in these knowledge graphs. Instead, place representations are limited to facts such as their population counts, geographic locations, and relations to other entities, for example, headquarters of companies or historical figures. In this paper, we present a novel method to enrich the information stored about places in knowledge graphs using thematic signatures that are derived from unstructured text through the process of topic modeling. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that this enables the automatic categorization of articles into place types defined in the DBpedia ontology (e.g., mountain) and also provides a mechanism to infer relationships between place types that are not captured in existing ontologies. This method can also be used to uncover miscategorized places, which is a common problem arising from the automatic lifting of unstructured and semi-structured data. 相似文献
3.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):421-428
Abstract The topographic map can successfully supplement the geographical textbook and the field trip in aiding the teacher in the illustration of the cultural character of a place. Interpretation of cultural features on topographic maps requires a knowledge of map symbolization and some familiarity with the area or topic under study. An example of the type of cultural features that are well-illustrated by topographic maps is specialized agricultural settlement such as the gentleman horse farm. The student can formulate an interpretation key of the characteristic features of each settlement type. This will allow the successful interpretation of maps from distant or unfamiliar areas through comparison and even allow the map reader to “travel,” although vicariously, to distant areas. 相似文献
4.
面对全球化所带来的地方与无地方现象，现有研究更多地关注资本、权力所代表的强权阶级，忽视了普通大众弱势群体的作用。针对这一问题，文章采用质性研究方法围绕中外游客对香港地方饮食在线评论文本展开内容分析。研究发现：1）游客的体验评价显示，无论是饮食产品的推陈出新、就餐环境的多元装饰，还是餐厅服务的内容形式，香港饮食文化都表现出中西融合的全球化特征，在保留传统特质的基础上也吸纳了外部文化形成创新，甚至衍生为新的地方特色产品，两者的共存与转换不仅说明地方和无地方的互相包容与促进，还呈现出两者对于全球化的反作用，地方性从而在内外不断的互动过程中呈现出新的文化内涵。2）人的主体因素在全球化过程中扮演着重要角色，不同于强权阶级借助资本、权力等因素施加影响，以游客为代表的普通大众弱势群体通过消费选择对资本、权力产生主体凝视的力量作用，引发其对地方与无地方元素的营造，这是“全球意义的地方”得以形成的关键。 相似文献
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旅游作为一种社会实践在政治经济发展和社会文化变迁中起着重要的作用。中国改革开放40年在见证旅游蓬勃发展的同时,也产生出了诸多令人担忧的自然环境和社会问题。新时代背景下,党的十九大对中国旅游发展提出了新的要求,需要我们重新反思当前的旅游发展模式和未来发展理念。鉴此,本文在考查西方当前旅游发展和研究趋势特点的基础上,结合中国旅游发展和研究的现状,针对旅游研究理念亟待创新的要求,提出“地方场域”这一理论框架。文章基于重构地方本体论的讨论,将旅游、邂逅与地方整合进相互关联的框架中,旅游可以概念化为：人与人以及人与非人等流动性主体通过邂逅和相遇的过程,所形塑的不断变化的有关经验性的、体验性的、反思性的以及实践性的地方场域（个体旅游场域）。旅游场域是一个不断变动的过程,也是一个交织着权力关系的政治化实践过程,是不同旅游主体所建构的地方场域之间冲突和融合的总体（总体旅游场域）。研究强调了有意义的时空相遇过程,不期而遇（邂逅）和平常的遇见（相遇）二者结合在一起才能共同反映旅游的日常生活化真谛。最后,本文从旅游发展自身的改变和旅游研究的改变入手,提出基于地方实践、基于批判反思、基于技术变革、基于参与共建和基于跨学科研究这五种知识生产模式抑或称之为未来的研究方向,以期打开未来旅游研究的本体论政治议程的对话窗口,并为新时代旅游发展和学术研究提供借鉴参考。 相似文献
7.
从旅游地居民视角出发,选取湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州为调研地,通过问卷调查和结构方程模型分析方法,探讨民族旅游地当地居民文化原真性感知与地方依恋之间的关系。研究表明:文化原真性是民族旅游地居民地方依恋的重要影响因素;地方依恋由地方依赖与地方认同两个维度构成,地方依赖是地方认同的前因变量;居民文化原真性感知对地方依赖与地方认同均产生直接影响,其中对地方依赖的直接影响更显著,对地方认同的影响主要是通过地方依赖间接产生。提升民族旅游地居民文化原真性感知水平有利于建构居民地方依赖和地方认同。 相似文献
8.
排放强度目标下中国最优研发及经济增长路径 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以研发投资为减排手段,在最优经济增长模型框架下构建碳排放强度目标约束下的最优控制模型,并针对中国2009年提出的排放强度目标“2020年排放强度降低到2005年的40%~45%”,研究了同时满足减排目标和社会福利最大化目标下的最优研发投资路径以及经济平稳增长路线。模拟发现: 前轻后重的研发投资路径有利于最大化社会成员的效用,而为了完成减排目标,中国需从2014年开始大幅提高研发投资到2.85%,随后每年都要保持在3%的水平;受此影响,经济平稳增长速度在2014年出现明显回落;排放强度路径呈现从缓慢下降到迅速下降而后降速趋缓的走势;能源消费量和碳排放量总体呈增长趋势,但在2014年继一个小高峰后出现短暂的下调。 相似文献
9.
广义地名及其本体研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
提出广义地名的概念(指可以与地球表面特定位置或范围相关联的一段文本),基于广义地名组织的文本形式的空间信息通常更符合人们对于地理空间知识的表达。探讨广义地名的本体,并给出相应的概念模型和逻辑模型,从而有助于广义地名数据库以及智能化广义地名服务的实现。该研究主要从广义地名的发生学、描述对象、地理范围、信息团体和语境引起的二义性等方面描述广义地名本体,并用UML语言建立便于在信息系统中实现的逻辑模型。 相似文献
10.
Karen Heikkilä 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2014,35(3):362-381
The forest realm of the Gòòl‐War watershed of southeast Perak, Malaysia holds much socio‐cultural significance to the Semai Orang Asli communities living along these rivers. Notwithstanding its present‐day location within the Bukit Tapah Forest Reserve, the forest continues to be where Semai conceptions of history and lore are encoded in the geographical particulars of the landscape. A thriving forest‐dependent lifestyle maintains and transmits Semai place knowledge, observed in this research through people's command of ancestral place‐names. This paper provides an introduction to Semai toponymy and considers the implications of indigenous place‐names on the protection of indigenous homelands and ways of life. 相似文献
11.
新白云机场周边地区产业发展研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新白云国际机场周边地区是广州市北部的开敞空间,担负着重要的景观生态功能。然而,新机场的带动效应将使大批产业向此集结,使生态环境的负荷不断增加,不利于广州市建设“山水型生态城市”目标的实现。因此必须作出合理的产业选择与发展思路,才能协调控制与发展的矛盾冲突。借鉴国内外机场周边区发展的经验,本文提出应发展生态农业、绿色物流业、住宅业和会展业,并对工业的发展提出了一些思路。 相似文献
12.
试论公众防灾意识教育及其在城市安全中的作用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
大多数城市灾害的发生都具有典型的突发性和不确定性,当特大灾害发生时,现有的工程措施已不能有效地避免灾害造成的危害,人们面对灾害的行为及反应成为减灾中一个决定性因素。从一定程度上讲,对公众的环境教育的不够是导致中国每年灾害损失较大的主要原因之一。通过探讨环境教育在灾害发生过程中对救灾、减灾的影响及其社会效应,对公共环境教育的途径提出了建议。 相似文献
13.
Eoin O'Mahony 《Geographical review》2019,109(1):3-26
Postsecular geographies seek to examine how place is linked with identity and how religious identities in turn can be accommodated in public space. Postsecular practices in urban contexts have been researched extensively, but they do not always fully engage with a relational approach to place‐making. This paper argues that through the place‐making practices seen at Virgin Mary statues in Dublin city, Ireland, a relational approach to examining postsecular practices and representations provides a more productive way to understand how the secular and the religious coexist in cities. The paper uses archival and contemporary data gathered from a sample of Marian statues in Dublin city to locate the relational geographies of the religious and the secular. By focussing on the ways that the statues remain uncontested within a changing urban landscape, the paper re‐examines the political significance of religious place‐making practices. It concludes that if geographies of religion in the postsecular city are to have a broader relevance to geography, they need a relational approach to place‐making. 相似文献
14.
Jen Jack Gieseking 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(1):150-156
How can we recognize those whose lives and data become attached to the far-from-groundbreaking framework of “small data”? Specifically, how can marginalized people who do not have the resources to produce, self-categorize, analyze, or store “big data” claim their place in the big data debates? I examine the place of lesbians and queer women in the big data debates through the Lesbian Herstory Archive's not “big” enough lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) organizing history data set—perhaps the largest data set known to exist on LGBTQ activist history—as one such alternative. In a contribution to critical data studies, I take a queer feminist approach to the scale of big data by reading for the imbricated scales and situated knowledge of data. 相似文献
15.
具身实践下的地方认知:非表征理论与南京马拉松 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2016南京马拉松为例,从非表征理论出发,调查跑者身体在时空间中的具身实践,分析身体的瞬间潜力如何与生命经历共同作用于个体对地方的认知。研究发现：具身实践下的地方认知是运动与感觉的产物,它与自我认知相继出现、相互促成,并呈现为褶皱式渗透、交错过程;情感在实践的当下时刻作用于身体,造成瞬间的身体强度变化和心理情绪波动,影响个体对地方的认知能力;瞬间触发的地方认知以原先身体经验为基础,并为将来的实践与认知提供新的原料。研究借助马拉松这一极限运动,详细刻画情感触发所建构的身体-空间关系,强调具身实践中瞬间与经验的辨证关系及二者共同作用下的地方认知,丰富有关身体与地方的地理学研究。 相似文献
16.
知识经济时代的地理综合研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
２１世纪科学技术和知识将取代资本与劳动成为经济增长和社会发展的主导因子。知识经济时代所需求的经济增长方式，资本、信息、资源的配置格局，以及生命支撑系统的服务功能将与工业时代有很大的不同。这些变化对地理学综合研究大发展既是挑战又是机遇。本文从地理学综合研究的迫切性入手，分析了在知识经济时代综合研究的不同层次及可能涉及的领域。在此基础上，提出了地理学综合研究应在四个方面进一步深化和革新以适应知识经济时代的需求：①拓展地理综合研究的空间；②构建要素综合的非均衡观；③充分考虑科技和知识对自然和社会经济系统的强势作用；④逐步整合社会经济系统和自然环境系统。 相似文献
17.
Tin mining carried out on the Jos Plateau since the beginning of the last century has disturbed some 320 km2 of agricultural land. Formal attempts at reclamation of this land failed, but local farmers have developed a successful informal strategy for reclamation. This paper reports on a study undertaken to comprehend the farmers'informal' approach to soil fertility management. Their soil fertility management practices centre on the use of a complex combination of traditional organic manures and 'modern' inorganic fertilizers that they have developed entirely on the basis of experimentation. A central focus of this paper is therefore the empirical knowledge base of the farmers and an assessment of any underlying scientific explanations for their strategies, including an analysis of their assertion that different brands of NPK fertilizers differ in their nutrient value. This discussion is followed by a consideration of the difficulties in accessing and understanding empirical knowledge. It is concluded that farmers' knowledge and understanding of the values of different fertilizers and manures does have a scientific basis. It is argued that for further agricultural development to take place on the Jos Plateau, there must be synergy between farmers' empirical knowledge (which has led to the development of successful and effective soil fertility management strategies, unlike the attempts of the local 'scientific' communities) and scientific knowledge (which can identify health and environmental hazards which may not be immediately visible to farmers). 相似文献
18.
The Theses on Feuerbach as a political ecology of the possible 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alex Loftus 《Area》2009,41(2):157-166
This paper argues that Marx's Theses on Feuerbach offer a tremendous and yet neglected resource for work in political ecology and the production of nature. Whilst not calling for a dramatic shift in the way in which such work is conducted, the paper shows how the Theses offer a firm and concise foundation on which to base the ontological and epistemological claims of work on the politicised environment. Ontologically, nature is a differentiated unity, best understood as sensuous activity or practice. This fits well with Smith's claims that nature is produced, whilst not limiting production to capitalist activity. Environments are thereby made up of everyday activity. Subverting the apparent anthropocentrism of this claim, the paper shows how (as Gramsci recognised) the Theses on Feuerbach have an incipient sense of the socio-natural. Post-humanist critiques of Smith's (humanist) production of nature thesis are thereby disrupted. Production realises a differentiated unity of socio-natural relations. Epistemologically, the paper demonstrates how the Theses push political ecologists to construct knowledge claims from practical activity. An ecological politics thereby emerges from the situated knowledges of different actors. Building on this, the paper argues that Marx's 'notes to himself' give us a sense of possible worlds and possible ecologies beyond the topsy-turvy one we have made in the present. Through the concept of praxis evinced in the Theses , a vision of the engaged scholar activist, committed to learning about the world through changing it (and vice-versa), emerges . 相似文献
19.
ALAN B DIXON 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(4):306-323
Much research in recent years has addressed the contribution of indigenous knowledge (IK) to development initiatives in developing countries. An IK system that continuously evolves and adapts in response to environmental and socio-economic change is often considered to be at the core of sustainable natural resource management practices and rural livelihoods. In the context of indigenous wetland management in western Ethiopia, this paper examines the relationship between IK and wetland sustainability, focusing on the mechanisms through which IK evolves and how local adaptive capacity is built up. A series of participatory research activities undertaken in four wetland communities revealed spatial variations in the degree of innovation and communication taking place. The paper argues that these mechanisms are key factors influencing adaptive capacity, suggesting a key link between wetland sustainability and the occurrence of innovation and communication among communities. 相似文献
20.
Oil Spills and Community Resilience: Uneven Impacts and Protection in Historical Perspective 
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下载免费PDF全文 Louisiana's coastal residents have endured centuries of hurricanes and decades of oil spills. Locally based, inherent resilient practices have enabled them to persist in place. This paper documents the evolution of actions taken by Louisiana's coastal residents that constitute effective resilient activities in the aftermath of disruptive events. It compares the efforts that arose from coastal communities that were rooted in local environmental knowledge with generic external programs designed to enable hazard mitigation, emergency response, and recovery form damaging hurricanes and oil spills. Additionally, it will identify points of opportunity to fortify resilience by integrating inherent and formal resilience. 相似文献