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科学有效地评价胶州湾生态安全程度,是胶州湾地区可持续发展的前提。文章基于PSR模型建立评价指标体系,利用AHP-熵权法确立指标权重,对2007—2016年胶州湾生态安全的发展状况进行了综合评价,并从压力、状态、响应3个方面对影响胶州湾生态安全的主要因素进行系统分析。研究结果表明:胶州湾生态安全指数整体呈波动上升态势,但在2010—2013年略有下降,并在2014年有大幅度的回升直至2016年。生态安全指数在0.4～0.6间波动,整体处于"一般"的生态安全状态。最后,文章提出通过坚持控制入海污水排放量和环境污染,加强海洋生态保护修复与海洋保护区建设,进一步完善胶州湾生态安全保护相关法律制度,注重海洋科技人才培养等方式来促进胶州湾地区生态安全水平的提高。 相似文献
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“智慧胶州湾”是以服务胶州湾综合整治修复为目标,以信息化应用为手段,以信息采集、传输网络和大数据为基础,以物联网、智能化和移动互联技术为核心的海洋综合管理平台。通过搭建胶州湾基础数据服务平台,可基本实现海洋数据监测采集设备、数据传输网络以及数据计算和存储设施的虚拟化和资源池化,为智慧胶州湾综合管理平台及其应用提供大数据支撑,推进业务和数据的协同与共享。平台主要包括海洋环境立体实时在线监测系统、海洋智慧分析评价系统、海洋保护与管理信息系统、海洋功能区管控信息系统、海洋经济管理系统和虚拟胶州湾系统。通过平台的建设和应用,可掌握胶州湾海洋生态环境状况、保障胶州湾生态环境安全以及提高政府服务水平和效率。 相似文献
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文章构建了辽宁省海洋经济可持续发展状况的评价指标体系,包括海洋经济生产可持续发展、海洋科技可持续发展和海洋生态可持续发展3个子系统及21项指标。运用主成分分析方法分析了1999—2008年辽宁省海洋经济发展状况及3个系统协调度的发展趋势。分析结果是:经济生产系统对海洋经济可持续发展促进作用显著;科技支撑系统及生态系统的薄弱严重制约了海洋经济可持续发展。据此提出对策建议,以保证辽宁省海洋经济可持续发展能力的提升。 相似文献
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随着人类活动的加剧与社会经济的持续发展,对海岛的开发日益剧烈.动态评价海岛开发建设过程中的生态安全状况是提出生态环境保护对策的前提;深入分析影响海岛生态安全的主要影响因子是准确调整海岛发展政策的客观依据,对缓解海岛开发建设与生态安全的矛盾,实现海岛建设与生态环境相互协调具有重要意义.本研究依据平潭岛的实际情况筛选出34个评价因子构建生态安全评价指标体系,指标涵盖社会、经济、环境3个方面.采用熵权法计算各评价指标权重提高了评价的客观性与准确性,通过主成分投影法对平潭岛2005—2015年的生态安全状况进行动态评价,探讨了平潭岛生态安全的变化状况.其中生态安全状况最差与最好的年份分别为2006、2011年,2006年的生态安全投影值最小,只有0. 004 1; 2011年的生态安全投影值最高,为0. 178 1.绘制生态安全状况趋势图发现2009—2011年生态安全投影值的变化最为明显.通过灰色关联法进行驱动力分析发现社会消费品零售总额增长率、财政总支出、固定资产投资额增长率、工业总值增长率、接待旅游人数、城镇人口失业率、水产品总产量、生活垃圾无害化处理率、耕地年均损失率等9个社会经济指标对平潭岛的生态安全状况起到关键影响. 相似文献
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文章基于“压力-状态-响应”（PSR）模型构建海岛发展的指标评价体系,选取21个代表性指标评价该地区生态安全状况,对珠海市大万山岛的生态安全进行了分析研究。结果表明,2010—2017年珠海市大万山岛的生态安全指数总体呈上升趋势,2016年安全指数为0.679,达到生态安全Ⅱ级“较安全”等级。2010—2017年,压力指数从0.038升至0.162;由于废水、废气和固体废弃物排放增加,状态指数在2012—2016年呈现下滑趋势,从0.194降至0.074;响应指数明显上升,在2016年达到最高值0.496,而在2017年又下降至0.352。状态指数结果表明,经济增长与海岛生态环境承受能力之间的矛盾突出,大万山海岛资源的过度开发与生态环境的破坏导致各子系统协调度失稳下滑。 相似文献
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基于近海生态环境健康状况“双核”评价框架,文章综合评估近40年来胶州湾海洋环境健康状况,梳理胶州湾生态环境伴随青岛市经济社会发展的演变历程。以每10年为1个区间,近40年来胶州湾海洋生态环境健康状况的“双核”评价结果为：1981-1990年为“良+0.22”、1991-2000年为“优+0.53”、2001-2010年为“良+0.87”以及2011-2020年为“优+0.90”。随着青岛市经济社会的发展,人类对胶州湾海洋资源环境开发利用的力度不断加大,胶州湾生态环境也出现各种问题：20世纪80年代水质恶化,90年代生物群落健康状况下滑,2000年后富营养化问题严重。2010年以来,青岛市加大生态保护和环境治理力度,胶州湾的海洋生态环境得到显著改善,而伴随着新旧动能转化提速和产业结构不断优化升级,经济开发活动对胶州湾海洋生态环境的扰动不断降低,最终实现胶州湾海洋经济与环境良性、健康的绿色发展模式。 相似文献
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海岸带是陆海协调发展的核心区域,进行陆海系统耦合协调发展评价对推动陆海统筹战略的实施至关重要。本文通过构建陆海耦合协调发展评价指标体系,对胶州湾地区陆海耦合协调发展程度进行定量评价,结果表明：2007-2021年,胶州湾地区陆海两系统综合得分均呈上升趋势,至2015年,海域系统综合得分赶超陆域系统成为陆海耦合协调发展的主要力量;区域陆海耦合协调发展等级从“勉强协调发展类”过渡到“良好协调发展类”,由“陆域主导型”过渡到“海域主导型”;统筹陆海资源环境承载力和发展潜力有助于陆海复合系统耦合协调发展能力的提升。同时,运用系统动力学建立陆海复合系统仿真模型,模拟陆海统筹背景下胶州湾陆海系统中各变量的发展态势。以上研究结果可为海岸带地区探索陆海统筹背景下可持续发展新途径提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献