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对分布在黄、渤海沿岸的单条胶黏藻Dumontia simplex Cotton的形态结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COI基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)10个采集地点的单条胶黏藻藻体直立、扁平或螺旋状,质地胶质黏滑,颜色为红色或紫红色。在大连黑石礁与付家庄采集到的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点;(2)藻体由皮层与髓部组成,皮层由4—8层细胞组成,髓部有疏松的根丝细胞。囊果散生,包埋于皮层内,刚发育的囊果较小,色淡,随着藻体生长囊果变大,颜色加深。四分孢子囊侧生在内皮层上,成熟的四分孢子囊呈十字形分裂;(3)4月生物量最大,平均生物量为4.384g/m2。12月至次年6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大,6月达到100%,且均为四分孢子体;(4)单条胶黏藻生长周期为12月至次年6月,属于一年生海藻,温度性质属于亚寒带性;(5)rbcL与COI基因序列分析表明,十个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异,与产自美国单条胶黏藻聚在一起,形成一个独立的分支,均确定为单条胶黏藻。 相似文献
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2015年5月至2016年7月在辽宁省大连市黑石礁海域发现红皮藻科入侵种具孔斯帕林藻Sparlingia pertusa(Postels et Ruprecht)G.W.Saunders,I.M.Strachan et G.T.Kraft,对其进行了详细的形态结构观察和分子系统分析。结果表明:(1)藻体直立;成熟藻体高0.2—0.8m;呈红色或暗红褐色;藻体表面分布着密集的孔洞;皮层由2—3层圆形细胞组成;髓部由3—5层椭圆形薄壁细胞组成。(2)rbc L基因序列分析结果显示本研究的6个具孔斯帕林藻样本之间无碱基差异,与产自日本的样本无碱基差异,与美国和加拿大产的样本之间的碱基序列差异为1bp(0.98%);COI基因序列分析结果显示本研究的6个具孔斯帕林藻样本之间无碱基差异,与产自加拿大的样本之间无碱基差异。具孔斯帕林藻在我国海域首次发现为中国新纪录种,同时发现斯帕林藻属Sparlingia G.W.Saunders,I.W.Strachan et G.T.Kraft为中国新纪录属,认为海洋经济物种太平洋牡蛎和虾夷扇贝的引进、船舶压舱水以及海水的流动等是该种入侵的主要原因。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,对大连蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao)的孢子早期发育、盘状体的形成和直立枝生长进行了详细研究,对其生活史进行了详细观察,并进行了温度和光照强度对孢子发育影响的研究。结果表明:(1)孢子发育类型为间接盘状体型;(2)生活史由雌、雄配子体、四分孢子体和果孢子体三相世代组成,配子体与孢子体形态相同,属于同型世代交替,与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致;(3)温度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适温度均为16℃;(4)光照强度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适光照强度分别为7 500 lx和10 000 lx。 相似文献
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在实验室培养条件下,详细观察了披针形蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia lanceolata)早期发育过程及生活史,研究了温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对其盘状体发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)披针形蜈蚣藻孢子发育类型为"间接盘状体"类型;(2)披针形蜈蚣藻生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,二倍体的果孢子体和四分孢子体组成,配子体与四分孢子体形态一致,为典型的同型世代交替;(3)温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对披针形蜈蚣藻盘状体发育及幼苗生长均有极显著影响(P0.01)。其中由温度与光周期交互实验得出:适宜披针形蜈蚣藻生长发育的温度范围为10—25°C,在温度15°C、光周期16L︰8D的条件下,盘状体相对生长速率最大[RGR=(9.902%±0.51%)/d],幼苗的相对生长速率最大[RGR=(9.569%±0.48%)/d]。温度与光照强度交互实验得出:在温度15°C、光照强度80μmol/(m~2·s)条件下,盘状体相对生长速率最大[RGR=(10.113%±0.51%)/d],幼苗的相对生长速率最大[RGR=(8.839%±0.44%)/d]。本研究为披针形蜈蚣藻的种质保存、人工育苗、规模化栽培以及可持续开发利用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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为全面了解栽培羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)成熟藻体假根、茎、叶(气囊)和生殖托(雌托和雄托)四类器官的组织形态特征,运用石蜡切片法,对栽培羊栖菜成熟藻体各器官进行了组织形态学观察和讨论分析。结果表明,不同器官横切组织的形态、结构和宽度差异显著;假根,茎,叶,雌、雄生殖托的横切面由外向内分别为表皮、近表皮、皮层和髓部组织,而气囊无髓部组织结构,但具有内皮层。此外,雌、雄生殖托还包括生殖窝、卵和精子结构。栽培羊栖菜各器官表皮细胞均呈栅栏状排列,宽度顺序为:雄生殖托茎雌生殖托气囊叶假根;表皮和近表皮细胞含淀粉粒最多,内含色素体;皮层和髓部细胞的淀粉粒含量相对较少;皮层组织的细胞腔最大,具有典型植物细胞形态和发达的胞间隙;髓部细胞致密,细胞腔多数较小。有关文献报道表明,羊栖菜不同器官响应光照、水温、干出与沉水及低盐胁迫等环境信号表达的生理生态学特征差异显著。研究结果可为深度解析栽培羊栖菜各器官之间的亚细胞结构差异,不同器官生理代谢响应环境信号表达差异,不同器官组织对微量元素或重金属离子的吸收、转运和储藏机制分析等研究提供基础数据和理论参考。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2016,(2)
2014年3—4月间,在西沙群岛鸭公岛海藻资源调查中采集到一种石花菜类海藻,经鉴定为匍匐石花菜扁平变种Gelidium pusillum var.pacificum Taylor。其主要特征为:1.藻体紫红色,丛生;2.藻体高约1~2cm,由匍匐茎和直立枝构成,直立枝基部圆柱形或扁压,上部扁平,具有不规则或羽状分枝,匍匐茎近圆柱形,其下生有不规则或尖锥状固着器;3.皮层细胞2~3层,根丝细胞数量较多,集中分布在髓层;4.四分孢子囊生于小枝顶端,形成囊群,四分孢子囊横切面观长卵圆形,埋于皮层细胞中,十字形分裂;5.枝顶端轴细胞形态为穹形,突出于皮层外。上述特征1~3可将匍匐石花菜扁平变种区别于我国产的匍匐石花菜其他变种,特征5可将该变种区别于个体较小的蓝色拟鸡毛菜,特征4不能有效地区分近缘种。综合如上特征,利用营养生长特征鉴定我国分布的个体较小的石花菜和拟鸡毛菜类群是一种可行的方法。该变种为我国三沙市西沙群岛首次记录,丰富了南海诸岛海藻区系的植物地理成分,也为进一步分析该区系的植物地理全貌提供了技术资料。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,以细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis Wang et Luan)为材料,进行了不同温度和光照强度等主要环境因子对其发育影响的研究,同时对其生活史进行了详细观察。结果表明:(1)在4—30°C范围内,盘状体形成与直立枝生长的最适温度为24°C;(2)在光照强度10—200μmol范围内,盘状体形成和直立枝生长的最适光照强度为120μmol/(m2s);(3)孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育类型为间接盘状体类型;(4)生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,双倍体的果孢子体(囊果)及四分孢子体构成,四分孢子体和配子体在形态上完全相同,属于典型的同型世代交替;与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致。 相似文献
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冈村石叶藻（Lithophyllum okamurae）是一种重要的壳状珊瑚藻，在海洋生态系统中具有提供初级生产力、产生碳酸盐沉积物以及为海洋生物提供栖息环境等功能。本文于三亚的热带海岸采集L. okamurae，首次基于形态解剖学特征和分子生物学方法对其进行了详细的描述。研究表明，L. okamurae的藻体为二组织性的拟薄壁组织结构，被分成三部分，包括：由1-3层呈扁平状正方形或长方形表皮细胞组成的表层，由一层正方形或长方形细胞组成的基层，以及由多层正方形或狭长形细胞组成的围层。在围层中可观察到栅状细胞，相邻藻丝细胞间通过次生纹孔相连，未见细胞融合。本文观察到L. okamurae的四种单孔生殖窠，即果孢子囊生殖窠、精子囊生殖窠、二分孢子囊生殖窠以及四分孢子囊生殖窠。其中，精子囊生殖窠通常浅埋于藻体中并微凸于藻体表面，果孢子囊生殖窠和无性生殖窠呈突出的圆锥形。基于18S rDNA、COI、rbcL和psbA基因序列的系统发育研究表明，L. okamurae和L. atlanticum在同一个进化枝上，亲缘关系最近。本文基于形态解剖学特征和分子生物学数据详细地对L. okamurae进行了描述，为海洋生态系统中藻类资源的利用和保护工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
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那屿藻属(新拟名)Yonagunia Kawaguchi et Masuda隶属于红藻门海膜科, 本研究通过对该属的台湾那屿藻(新拟名)Yonagunia formosana (Okamura) Kawaguchi et Masuda进行了形态学和基于rbcL序列的系统发育分析, 证实台湾那屿藻存在于我国海南省东南部地区, 并较为详细地描述了该物种的分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等营养结构以及生殖结构, 发现藻体的枝端形状比最初报道的模式种更加多样化, 且藻体各部分结构(分枝形式、小育枝、皮层细胞等)的大小与最初报道的模式种也存在一定的差异。本研究是我国海南省东南部地区台湾那屿藻的首次分子系统发育学研究报道。 相似文献
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2021年7月末至10月初,位于黄海沿岸的青岛市西海岸新区琅琊台湾贡口拦海坝处出现大量悬浮生长的大型红藻。为明确该类群的分类地位,探究其生物学特征,对该处红藻群体展开了实地调研,并采集相关样本开展了形态鉴定和分子系统发育分析。该群体主要由一种红藻组成,藻体紫红色、圆柱形,质软多肉,高度可达20cm,不规则互生分枝,分枝基部强烈缢缩、顶端尖细;藻体主轴横截面观可见较小的含色素外皮层细胞以及较大的近圆形假薄壁细胞和分布在髓层中央的散乱、疏松的丝状细胞。结合分子标记rbc L和cox I基因的系统发育分析结果,该物种被鉴定为细弱红翎菜(Solieria tenuis Zhang et Xia)。与历史研究记录不同,贡口拦海坝处的细弱红翎菜群体缺乏固着器和繁殖结构,悬浮性营养生长,所在海域丰富的氮磷营养可能为其快速生长提供了物质基础,在生长高峰期该群体总生物量约6 t (干重),是一次局部区域性小规模“藻华”。细弱红翎菜的悬浮生态型和暴发性增殖现象表明该物种可能具有较强的环境适应性,其生理特征和潜在的生态风险需进一步关注。 相似文献
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针对国际上海洋绿藻束生刚毛藻Cladophorafascicularis与C.vagabunda的同物异名争议,本文对采集于海南岛莺歌海的束生刚毛藻进行了形态学观察。从55个样品的形态特征观测及分析中获得了用于其物种鉴定的主要特征为:藻体丛生,黄绿色,往往纠缠在一起,高3—23cm;基部为不规则分枝的假根状,往往多个植株的假根粘连在一起;直立部分叉状或多不规则叉状分枝,主枝可产生多个分枝或产生分级的分枝;上部枝多个密集成束,偏生于一侧,末位小枝侧生,多向内侧弯曲,略呈栉状排列,枝端钝尖;主轴细胞长宽比为3—6.5,侧枝细胞长宽比为3—5,小枝细胞长宽比为1.5—5,末位细胞长宽比为1.2—5。结合形态特征比较以及分子数据分析,本文探讨了束生刚毛藻与C. vagabunda的同物异名问题,认为束生刚毛藻可作为独立种存在。 相似文献
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CHI Shan QIAN Hao LI Tianyong WANG Xumin LIU Cui REN Lei TANG Xuexi LIU Tao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):139-151
In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina. 相似文献
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Barik Tapan K. Swain Surya N. Sahu Bijayalaxmi Tripathy Bibarani Acharya Usha R. 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(6):26-35
Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem. 相似文献
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Codium, one of the largest marine green algal genera, is difficult to delimit species boundary accurately based on morphological identification only. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for discriminating species of seaweeds. The plastid elongation factor TU(tuf A) is considered as maker to perform DNA barcoding of green algal species than rbc L gene due to universality and rapid evolution rate. We conducted DNA barcoding application to Codium specimens from the Jeju Island, Korea to overcome the limit of morphological identification and to confirm the species diversity. As a result of applying tuf A marker, we newly generated fifty-five tuf A barcodes to resolve eight species. Tuf A marker exhibited 6.1%–21.8% interspecific divergences, wider than the gap of rbc L exon 1,3.5%–11.5%. Molecular analysis of rbc L exon 1 sequences of Codium revealed eight distinct species like tuf A analysis separated in five phylogenetic groups. DNA barcoding of the genus Codium using tuf A marker is more helpful to overcome the limit of morphological identification, and this is more potential to reveal cryptic species and to resolve the relationships among subspecies than rbc L analysis alone. The complement of tuf A barcoding and rbc L analyses including morphology for the genus Codium in the northwestern Pacific will give much more reliable achievement for discovering species diversity and resolving the phylogenetic relationships. 相似文献
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近来的研究表明，一些所谓的环球或环极地分布的广布种实际上包含着一些局限性分布的隐存种，物种多样性可能被低估。本文采用形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合的方式，对印度洋和西北太平洋海域的龟螺属(Cavolinia)和小龟螺属(Diacavolinia)的种类进行了分类学研究和物种鉴定。结果表明，线粒体16S rRNA基因数据不支持小龟螺属形态种的划分，分布于西北太平洋的D. grayi、D. vanutrechti、D. pacifica、D. elegans、D. angulosa等多个形态种可能属同一个种，即长吻小龟螺(D. longirostris)。COI基因数据也不支持钩龟螺(C. uncinata)亚种和变形的划分。许多形态特征不能作为种或种下分类单元的区分依据。钩龟螺、球龟螺(C. globulosa)和长吻小龟螺在COI系统树中均形成2个地理支系，其内部可能存在隐存种。西北太平洋海域长吻小龟螺的核基因组中存在线粒体假基因，对DNA条形码分析产生严重干扰。 相似文献
17.
A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana. 相似文献
18.
Due to morphological plasticity and paucity of diagnostic morphological characters, the taxonomy of Kappaphycus gets more and more confused with the expanding of commercial cultivation. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of 13 strains of introduced Kappaphycus species in China was defined using DNA molecular markers, such as 18S rDNA, rbcL and cox2-cox3 spacer region. The resolutions obtained by three different molecular markers were compared: both cox2-cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences are eligible in interspecies identification of Kappaphycus, whereas cox2-cox3 spacer region is more variable than rbcL sequence. There is several basepairs’ discrepancy among 18S rDNA sequences, while it is 100% identical among both cox2-cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences of the ten strains of K. alvarezii. We suppose that 18S rDNA sequence can provide more information in biogeography study of Kappaphycus than other two DNA sequences. 相似文献