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1.
两个凡纳滨对虾家系体重与体长的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
凡纳滨对虾Litopeneaus vannamei家系的培育是遗传选育种的基础,其生长特性包括生长速度、体重与体长的关系等,是家系的表型特征。报道了凡纳滨对虾2个家系的体长与体重的关系。通过回归分析,凡纳滨对虾家系1体重(W)与体长(L)的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2809(R2=0.9931);家系2体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2974(R2=0.9940),2个家系体重与体长的关系没有明显的变化,得出凡纳滨对虾体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2895(R2=0.9934)。 相似文献
2.
在实验室条件下,对初孵及培养一段时间的大海马幼鱼分别投喂不同的饵料,以观察不同饵料对幼鱼的生长与存活影响。刚孵出的大海马幼鱼[体长平均0.85±0.03(cm)]开口摄食时分别投喂卤虫幼体(A)、轮虫(B)、桡足类幼体(C)及桡足类幼体+蒙古裸腹蚤幼体(D),经20d培育,实验结果显示:投喂(B)、(C)和(D)3组饵料的幼鱼其体长、存活率方面差别不大,而投喂卤虫幼体(A)的幼鱼其体长最小、存活率最低,只有(2.53±0.07)cm和(67.0±5.0)%,多重分析比较还未达到显著性差异水平(P0.05)。20日龄的大海马幼鱼[平均体长(2.72±0.04)cm]分为E、F、G 3组,分别投喂凡纳滨对虾糠虾(仔虾)、冷冻糠虾、卤虫成体作为饵料。经60d培育后,结果表明,其中投喂凡纳滨对虾糠虾(仔虾)作饵料的这组效果最好,幼鱼的体长、存活率分别为(7.29±0.07)cm和(88.5±5.6)%,卤虫成体培育效果最差,体长、存活率只有(6.99±0.12)cm和(71.5±5.1)%。幼鱼体长3.0~5.5cm时,其体长日增长率达到最大,之后随着体长的增加,体长日增长率也随之下降,多重分析比较显示,差异水平显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
3.
为评估不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系间的生长和存活性能差异,本文利用10个凡纳滨对虾家系为材料,开展了在盐度为30、15和1条件下的60天养殖生长和存活,测试。研究显示:不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾平均体重存在一定差异,平均存活率存在显著差异(P0.05)。相同盐度下,凡纳滨对虾各家系收获体重存在显著差异,30、15和1盐度条件下增重最快家系比增重最慢家系的绝对增重率分别高出69.23%、35.29%和27.78%,但不同盐度梯度下各家系收获体重排序并不相同。盐度30、15和1下凡纳滨对虾平均存活率分别为86.67%、82.33%和52.67%,盐度1的存活率与其它2个盐度下的存活率存在显著差异(P0.05),不同盐度梯度下各家系存活率排序也不相同。不同盐度下各家系间生产性能存在较大差异,盐度30、15和1下家系产量最高值比最低值分别高出60.78%、61.70%和86.59%,家系2和家系8的产量在3个盐度中均排名在前三位,显示出良好的生产性能。本研究结果为凡纳滨对虾不同盐度下的家系选育提供了数据支撑。 相似文献
4.
2个凡纳滨对虾全同胞家系在不同盐度下的生长比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在1‰-40‰盐度范围内,设置9个盐度梯度(1‰、5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰),比较不同盐度对2个具有不同遗传背景凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei全同胞家系的影响.结果表明,盐度对2个凡纳滨对虾家系的影响存在较大差异.对虾家系B03在10‰-40‰盐度范围内,体长、体重差异不明显,成活率较高;对虾家系B08在1‰-40‰盐度范围内,体长、体重、增长率具有明显的变化规律,从盐度1‰到15‰逐渐升高,15‰以后逐渐减小.对虾家系B03的成活率整体高于B08的成活率,2个家系均难以适应盐度为1‰和5‰的水体.研究为凡纳滨对虾的家系选育提供一定的数据支持. 相似文献
5.
选择来自75个家系的6000尾凡纳滨对虾个体进行为期96h的耐低溶氧试验,测定其生长性状和耐低溶氧性状。利用线性动物模型估计了凡纳滨对虾收获时期生长和耐低溶氧性状的方差组分和遗传参数。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾收获体长和收获体质量的遗传力分别为0.35±0.11和0.48±0.15,表现为中高遗传力水平,且统计检验显著(P0.05)。收获体长和收获体质量间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.89和0.95,表现为高度线性正相关(P0.05)。凡纳滨对虾耐低溶氧性状的遗传力为0.07±0.03,表现为低遗传力水平。生长性状(收获体长和收获体质量)和耐低溶氧性状间的表型相关和遗传相关分别为0.14—0.18和0.11—0.13,表现为低度线性正相关,但统计检验不显著(P0.05)。耐低溶氧性状的选择反应和遗传获得的估计值较低,分别为0.02±0.02和4.87%。体长的选择反应和遗传获得分别为0.65±0.18和7.22%;体质量的选择反应和遗传获得分别为1.13±0.31和11.07%,表明第一代对生长性状的选育达到了良好的效果。 相似文献
6.
通过设计交配组合,建立中度近交组GM(近交系数大于0.25,家系G1,G2,G3,G4)、轻度近交组GL(近交系数0.0625—0.25,家系Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4),非近交组GN(近交系数为0,家系F1,F2,F3,F4),比较共同环境养殖90d不同近交程度凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系体质量(BW)、存活率(SR)、高氨氮耐受存活率(SRA)及低溶氧耐受存活率间(SRH)的差异性,计算近交家系相关性状的近交衰退系数,评价近交对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活和抗逆性的影响。结果显示:GN组BW为7.66±2.86g,显著高于GM组BW(P0.05);GL组SR、SRA、SRH间差异近交衰退系数为–6.41%、–13.63%、–11.84%;GM组的SR、SRA、SRH的近交衰退系数为5.30%、–4.73%、–4.77%;Z2的BW最大为8.59±3.85g,G3的BW高于GN组均值;G2家系SR为84.81%±10.37%,显著高于其它家系(P0.05);75%的近交家系表现出SR近交衰退,62.5%的近交家系表现出SRH近交衰退。结果表明:近交导致凡纳滨对虾生长、高氨氮耐受性及低溶氧耐受性的衰退普遍存在,应避免高度近交个体的产生,近交系数应控制在0.25以下;少数近交家系的生长、存活、高氨氮耐受性或低溶氧耐受性优于非近交家系,推测选择合理亲缘选配方案可加快凡纳滨对虾遗传改良进程。 相似文献
7.
为模拟夏季水分蒸发水体盐度快速升高对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能及理化调节的影响,试验设置盐度从30突变至35、40、45、50、55及60,以盐度30为对照,突变盐度下养殖28d,每7d检测凡纳滨对虾的存活率、相对增重率、体长增长率,试验结束时检测血清Na+/K+-ATP酶、总ATP酶、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果表明,高盐突变显著抑制凡纳滨对虾的存活率和相对增重率(P0.05),随着突变盐度的升高,凡纳滨对虾的相对增重率逐渐降低,60盐度组仅为对照组的15.53%。盐度突变至50后,凡纳滨对虾存活率显著下降。随着高盐突变幅度的增加,Na+/K+-ATP酶和ACP酶活力受到显著影响(P0.05),其中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力逐渐上升,在突变60盐度时表现为最高;ACP酶表现为先上升再下降的单峰变化趋势。总ATP酶、SOD酶、AKP酶受影响不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,高盐突变幅度越大,凡纳滨对虾存活率越低、生长越缓慢,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力升高,渗透调节能力增强,ACP酶活力升高,说明高盐突变激发凡纳滨对虾机体代谢活力。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
循环水养殖系统在凡纳滨对虾种虾养殖中应用较少,本研究应用循环水养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾种虾,设定4个不同的养殖密度(30、40、50、65尾/m2),初始体重:(0.102±0.008)g,研究凡纳滨对虾种虾在循环水养殖系统中的生长情况。养殖期间定时对对虾体重和水体指标(氨氮、亚硝酸氮、pH、水温、微生物)进行分析测定。通过对各项数据分析表明:低密度组(30、40、50尾/m2)凡纳滨对虾体重增长较快,各组特定生长率分别为(3.83±0.03)%、(3.87±0.01)%、(3.81±0.03)%,绝对增重率分别为(0.201±0.009)、(0.214±0.004)、(0.194±0.009)g/d,但均无显著性差异(P0.05);高密度组(65尾/m2)的凡纳滨对虾体重增长较慢,特定生长率和绝对增重率分别为(3.41±0.02)%和(0.107±0.004)g/d,该结果与低密度组间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。低密度组中凡纳滨对虾养殖水体的水质指标要优于高密度组,4个密度组中氨氮、亚硝酸氮、绿菌均维持在安全浓度范围内,仅仅黄菌数量略高。综合分析,采用该养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾的最优密度为50尾/m2。因此,本研究可为循环水养殖系统养殖凡纳滨对虾种虾提供参考。 相似文献
9.
为分析高盐胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、代谢和抗氧化酶活力的影响,实验以平均体重(3.0±0.4)g,平均体长(7.6±0.2)cm的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置25(对照组)、35、45、55四个盐度梯度,分别于实验开始后0d、10d、20d、30d取样,检测对虾体重、体长、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的含量以及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力,计算增重率、增长率、特定生长率和成活率。结果表明,随着盐度升高,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、增长率、特定生长率和存活率均逐渐降低, 55盐度组各生长指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);10d时TG含量随着盐度的增加逐渐降低,55盐度组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。20d和30d时逐渐升高, 55盐度组显著高于对照组(P0.05); 55盐度组的TC含量最高,且30d时显著高于其他组(P0.05); 45盐度组、55盐度组MDH活力在10d时显著低于对照组(P0.05),但20d和30d时显著高于对照组(P0.05);35盐度组、45盐度组ATP含量在10d和20d时升高,且显著高于对照组(P0.05);各处理组T-SOD和CAT的活力整体高于对照组,且随着实验时间的延长,呈上升趋势。研究结果表明,高盐胁迫不利于凡纳滨对虾的生长和存活,但可以激活凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化能力,使抗氧化酶活力升高,并显著影响对虾的脂类代谢。 相似文献
10.
凡纳滨对虾不同家系间繁殖性状的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在相同的养殖条件下,从15个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)留种家系中各筛选30尾雌虾,记录60 d内每尾雌虾的产卵时体质量(SW)、产卵量(EN)、卵径(ED)、受精率(FR)、受精卵孵化率(HR)、连续两次产卵间隔时间(SI),分析各家系繁殖性状的差异性和各繁殖性状间的相关性。结果显示,各家系间繁殖相关性状差异显著(P<0.05),其中F415家系SW为55.36 g,显著大于其他家系(P<0.05),F413家系EN最高为26.52万粒,F402家系雌虾产卵FR和HR率均最高分别为83.19%和84.68%,F407、F401家系SI最短分别为5.03 d和5.06 d,以EN>20万粒、SI<9 d、FR>60%、HR>60%为选择标准,筛选出F401、F405、F407、F409、F413、F415六个家系雌虾作为凡纳滨对虾高繁殖力品系培育的亲虾;各繁殖性状中SW与EN间的相关系数为0.260呈极显著相关(P<0.01),EN与FR和HR间的相关系数分别为0.155和0.239呈极显著相关(P<0.01),SI与EN和HR间的相关系数分别为-0.121和-0.078分别呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾雌虾繁殖性能具有较大的家系选择潜力;在高繁殖力凡纳滨对虾品系培育的过程中应以雌虾平均单次产卵量和连续两次产卵间隔时间作为的选育的目标性状。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献