共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 178 毫秒
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对虾塘立体混养贝类的养殖技术 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
虾池立体混养是应用生物学原理，根据“虾、贝、鱼”不同品种的不同饵料、栖息水层（位置）和底质要求及其相同（相近）的水温、ｐＨ值、环境因子等要素的共同特点，选择１～２个品种混合养殖在一起。达到充分利用水体的上、中、下及底（泥）层，充分利用虾（贝）类残饵（或粪便）和浮游底栖生物，有利调节生态平衡，促进各品种生长，从而提高虾塘生产力和综合经济效益。中国对虾可与坚、蚶、蛤、蛎类及海湾扇贝等贝类品种混养。１场地选择进行虾贝混养的虾池除具备一般对虾养殖地的基本要求外，还应具备以下条件：１．１虾池内（指混养穴居… 相似文献
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日本刺沙蚕的生态特性及在对虾养殖中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
日本刺沙蚕(Neathesjaponica)的生态分布、繁殖发育、摄食等习性非常适合对虾养殖的需要,是对虾养殖中较理想的大型活体生物饵料品种。将其移植到对虾养成池中,既能摄食对虾残饵、粪便等有机污染物,也能被对虾摄食。这样既净化水质,改善养殖环境,减轻养殖废水对海洋的污染,又能降低养虾成本,促进对虾生长,提高对虾自身抗病能力。具有明显的生态效益和经济效益。本文对日本刺沙蚕的生态分布、繁殖发育习性及其在中国对虾养殖中的应用进行了研究,以期对沙蚕资源的开发利用及水产养殖有所帮助。1 生态特性日本刺沙蚕个体较大,成体体长一般为1… 相似文献
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随着海水养殖的快速发展,养殖水体的自身污染和富营养化已成为严重的环境问题。作为生物滤器的大型海藻可以有效地吸收、利用养殖环境中多余的氮、磷等营养物质,从而减轻养殖废水对环境的影响,并提高养殖系统的经济输出,被广泛应用于鱼、虾和贝类等的综合养殖系统中,对富营养化海水养殖区进行生物修复。文章概述了大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区进行生物修复的原因、原理、优点、研究进展以及应用大型海藻产生的效益和需要注意的问题。并指出在富营养化海水养殖区养殖大型海藻进行生物修复的方法可以实现海水养殖业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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随着我国海水养殖规模的不断扩大,海水养殖污染已成为不可忽视的环境问题。文章综述了海水养殖过程中产生的营养盐污染、有机质污染、重金属污染、抗生素污染问题及其生态影响和生态修复对策措施。对于海水养殖污染,单纯的物理化学修复方法制约较大,以生物修复为基础的生态浮床修复技术、大型藻类修复技术及人工湿地修复技术,是较为有效的海水养殖污染防治措施。在未来研究中,还应加强养殖污染源头的治理,加强海水综合养殖理论方法研究,以实现海水养殖经济效益和环境效益双赢。 相似文献
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两种微藻对凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中细菌数量变化的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
往凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖水体中引入波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisbor gei)和微绿球藻(Nannochlorisoculata),检测对虾养殖水体及虾体中异养菌和弧菌数量的变化,研究这两种微藻对对虾养殖环境细菌数量变化的影响.结果表明:引入波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻能有效地抑制异养菌和弧菌的生长.实验组中养殖水体、凡纳滨对虾肌肉及肝胰脏中的异养菌和弧菌的数量都比对照组明显降低,特别是肝胰脏中弧菌数量在实验后期比前期降低了两个数量级;波吉卵囊藻实验组的抗弧菌作用最强.由此可见,采用选择优良藻种进行微藻生态调控对防治对虾疾病有着重要作用. 相似文献
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几种虾、贝、藻混养模式能量收支及转化效率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验采用围隔实验方法,对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、青蛤(Cyclina sinesis)、菊花心江蓠(Gracilarialichevoides)和活菌净水剂的不同单、混养生态系统的能量收支和转化效率进行了研究。实验结果表明,实验期间系统接受的总太阳光辐射能为1 983.2 MJ/m2。浮游植物对光能的利用效率在各处理间无差异(0.147±0.007)%,混养江蓠显著地提高了总利用效率(0.308±0.019)%。总能量的转化效率,虾藻混养(28.36%)和江蓠单养(27.65%)最高,其次是虾贝藻混养(26.70%),对虾单养(12.24%)最低。单位净产量对饲料能的消耗,对虾单养(21.24 MJ/kg)最多,虾菌、虾贝混养(18.76~18.97 MJ/kg)次之,而虾藻、虾贝藻混养(2.64~3.24 MJ/kg)则显著地降低了饲料消耗量。实验中投喂组都有较多的能量沉积,对虾单养沉积量达到1.10 MJ/m2,虾贝混养(1.30 MJ/m2)稍高,而虾贝藻、虾菌、虾藻混养平均为0.53 MJ/m2,显著地低于对照。结果表明,混养青蛤和菊花心江蓠显著地提高了对虾养殖中的光能利用率和能量转化效率,减少了能量沉积,从而大大地提高了能量的利用效率。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法, 在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明, 在135d的养殖期间, 处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1% (P<0.05), DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5% (P<0.01); 弧菌数极显著低于对照组66% (P<0.01), 细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6% (P<0.01), 藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70% (P<0.05); 生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109CFU/g, 而弧菌数为零; 虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150% (P<0.01), 饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8% (P<0.01), 处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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陆源排污和海水养殖等经常造成近海富营养化。选用大型海藻或大型海藻与贝类组成的复合生态系统开展富营养化海区生态修复,在介绍富营养化海区特征及治理方法的基础上,分析不同修复生物及其组合对不同富营养化海区的适宜性。结果表明,贝类不宜单独作为修复生物;大型海藻可以有效吸收水中的溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP),提高溶解氧(DO)浓度,是良好的富营养化海区修复生物。贝藻复合生态系统适宜在营养盐和颗粒物含量较高的海区开展生态修复。针对两种典型的富营养化海区(网箱养殖区、污水排放区),制定不同的生态修复技术和策略,介绍不同修复技术的修复生物品种选择、修复时间、养殖筏架、密度控制、操作方法与实施效果等,具有较好的应用前景,可为富营养化海区的生态修复研究与实践提供参考。 相似文献
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中国对虾病害防治新技术──口服多糖类免疫药物研制成功 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着对虾人工养殖企业化的发展，疾病特别是大规模暴发性流行疾病成了阻碍这一海洋水产养殖业发展的重要因素。如东南亚某些国家和地区以及台湾省，由于虾病的严重不得不转营其他养殖种类。因此，对虾病害的病因及防治成为我国乃至国际迫切需要解决的问题。早在80年代初，中科院海洋所以李光友研究员为主的课题组，面对方兴未艾的中国对虾养殖业，即以科学工作者应有的远见，提出如何提高养殖虾贝的品质，如何通过提高养殖生物自身抗病能力而达到预防病害的目的。正是基于这种认识，在国际上未见无脊椎动物免疫成功的情况下，确立从提高虾贝… 相似文献
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厦门潘涂虾池及其附近内湾各态氮的季节性变化特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
1996年6月至1997年2月，对厦门市潘涂垦区两口虾池及附近内湾不同形态氮的含量与动态进行调查。结果显示虾池的可溶性有机氮（DON）含量明显高于邻近内湾，颗粒有机氮（PN）多数时间也高于内湾，而邻近内湾可溶性无机氮（DIN）含量则明显比池内的高。虾池中的氮主要以DON形态存在（59．76％），DIN，PN含量较少（9．37％和20．87％）；邻近内湾则是以DIN为主（59．97％），其次为DON（29．55％），PN所占比例最小（10．48％）。吓池与邻近内湾不同形态氮的季节变化也存在一定差异。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2010,57(16):1494-1503
Keeling plots of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and Δ14C depth profiles imply rapid, diapycnal transport of DOC to the meso- and bathypelagic zones, but do not constrain the mechanism of redistribution. We review the 2-component Keeling plot model, and present an alternative formulation explicitly based on homogenization of water parcels. Applying this new model to DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) depth profiles suggests that the dominant controls on DOC redistribution differ throughout the water column. DOC concentration and Δ14C gradients were consistent with biogeochemical processing in the epipelagic and advection in the mesopelagic. Vertical gradients in DOC concentration and Δ14C were insufficient for further interpretation in the bathypelagic. Ultimately, additional concurrent measurements of DOC and DIC concentrations and Δ14C values throughout the water column at more locations are needed to constrain the applicability of two-component mixing models to marine DOC. 相似文献
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Z.-P. Mei L. Legendre J.-. Tremblay L.A. Miller Y. Gratton C. Lovejoy P.L. Yager M. Gosselin 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(12):2301-2314
The carbon to nitrogen (C:N) stoichiometry of phytoplankton production varied significantly during the spring–summer bloom in the North Water Polynya (NOW), from April through July 1998. The molar ratio of particulate organic carbon (POC) to nitrogen (PON) production by phytoplankton (ΔPOC:ΔPON) increased from 5.8 during April through early June to 8.9 in late June and July. The molar dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to nitrate+nitrite (NO3) drawdown ratio (ΔDIC: ΔNO3) increased from 6.7 in April and May, to 11.9 in June (no estimate for July because of ice melting). The discrepancy between ΔPOC:ΔPON and ΔDIC:ΔNO3 was likely due to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production. Increased ΔPOC:ΔPON of phytoplankton and surface water ΔDIC:ΔNO3 throughout the phytoplankton blooms resulted from changes in physical properties of the upper water column, such as reduced thickness of the surface mixed layer that exposed phytoplankton to increased photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), accompanied by NO3 depletion. This is expected to have significant effects on the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in pelagic ecosystems, as the increased C:N ratio of organic matter decreases its quality as substrate for grazers and microbial communities. Based on ΔPOC:ΔPON, the ratio of POC to chlorophyll a (Chl) production (ΔPOC:ΔChl) and the relationship between Chl yields and NO3 depletion, we estimate that 71±17% and 46±20% of the depleted NO3 went to PON production in the euphotic zone over the polynya from April to early June, and late June to July, respectively. The remaining NO3 was likely channelled to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and heterotrophic bacteria, which were not returned to the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pool through recycling during the course of the study. Hence, the autotrophic production of organic N and its recycling by the microbial food web were not coupled temporally. 相似文献
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During the first year of the Northeast Pacific GLOBEC program we examined the spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the surface waters off the Oregon and Washington coasts of North America. Eleven east–west transects were sampled from nearshore waters to 190 km offshore. Hydrographic data and the distribution of inorganic nutrients were used to characterize three distinct water sources: oligotrophic offshore water, the Columbia River plume, and the coastal upwelling region inshore of the California Current. Warm, high salinity offshore water had very low levels of inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Warm, low salinity water in the Columbia River plume was relatively low in nitrate, but showed a strong negative correlation between salinity and silicate. The river plume water had the highest levels of total organic carbon (TOC) (up to 180 μM) and DOC (up to 150 μM) observed anywhere in the sampling area. Cold, high salinity coastal waters had high nutrient levels, moderate to high levels of POC and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and low to moderate levels of DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Each of these regions has characteristic C:N ratios for particulate and dissolved organic material. The results are compared to concentrations and partitioning of particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in other regions of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. 相似文献
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Patrick Raimbault Wilfried Pouvesle Frdric Diaz Nicole Garcia Richard Sempr 《Marine Chemistry》1999,66(3-4)
We developed a simple and reliable method which allows simultaneous determination of organic forms of carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) dissolved in seawater. Conversion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to inorganic products (carbon dioxide, nitrate+nitrite and soluble reactive phosphate) is performed by a persulfate wet-oxidation in low alkaline condition. After oxidation, the concentration of the inorganic products dissolved in the sample was measured automatically by colorimetry using a 3-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer system. A number of pure organic compounds were tested in the concentration range encountered in coastal and open ocean, indicating a high efficiency of the digestion procedure. The recovery range is similar to that obtained by other wet-oxidation procedures and by high-temperature catalytic oxidation techniques. Direct comparisons with usual methods used for separate determination of DOC, DON and DOP indicated a high efficiency of the procedure. Reproducibility tests demonstrated a very good precision (around 5%) for lagoonal and coastal waters, while precision was sometimes around 10–25% in oligotrophic oceanic waters, especially for DOP where values approached limits of detection for measuring phosphate. This method is highly suitable for routine analysis and especially appropriate for shipboard work. 相似文献
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F. Delgadillo-Hinojosa A. Zirino O. Holm-Hansen J.M. Hernández-Ayón T.J. Boyd B. Chadwick I. Rivera-Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
The temporal and spatial variability of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), nitrogen (DIN), carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were studied in order to determine the net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) of San Diego Bay (SDB), a Mediterranean-climate lagoon. A series of four sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy (January 2000) and the dry (August 2000 and May and September 2001) seasons. During the dry season, temperature, salinity and DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations increased from oceanic values in the outer bay to higher values at the innermost end of the bay. DIP, DIC and DOC concentrations showed a clear offset from conservative mixing implying production of these dissolved materials inside the bay. During the rainy season, DIP and DOC increased to the head, whereas salinity decreased toward the mouth due to land runoff and river discharges. The distributions of DIP and DOC also showed a deviation from conservative mixing in this season, implying a net addition of these dissolved materials during estuarine mixing within the bay. Mass balance calculations showed that SDB consistently exported DIP (2.8–9.8 × 103 mol P d−1), DIC (263–352 × 103 mol C d−1) and DOC (198–1233 × 103 mol C d−1), whereas DIN (5.5–18.2 × 103 mol N d−1) was exported in all samplings except in May 2001 when it was imported (8.6 × 103 mol N d−1). The DIP, DIC and DOC export rates along with the strong relationship between DIP, DIC or DOC and salinity suggest that intense tidal mixing plays an important role in controlling their distributions and that SDB is a source of nutrients and DOC to the Southern California Bight. Furthermore, NEM ranged from −8.1 ± 1.8 mmol C m−2 d−1 in September to −13.5 ± 5.8 mmol C m−2 d−1 in January, highlighting the heterotrophic character of SDB. In order to explain the net heterotrophy of this system, we postulate that phytoplankton-derived particulate organic matter, stimulated by upwelling processes in the adjacent coastal waters, is transported into the bay, retained and then remineralized within the system. Our results were compared with those reported for the heterotrophic hypersaline coastal lagoons located in the semi-arid coast of California–Baja California, and with those autotrophic hypersaline systems found in the semi-arid areas of Australia. We point out that the balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy in inverse estuaries is dependent on net external inputs of either inorganic nutrients or organic matter as it has been indicated for positive estuaries. 相似文献
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海底地下水排放对典型红树林蓝碳收支的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底地下水排放(Submarine Groundwater Discharge，SGD)是陆海相互作用的重要表现形式之一，其携带的物质对近岸海域生源要素的收支有重要影响。本文利用222Rn示踪技术估算了我国典型红树林海湾—广西珍珠湾在2019年枯季(1月)SGD携带的碳通量。调查发现，地下水中222Rn活度、溶解无机碳(DIC)和溶解有机碳(DOC)的平均浓度均高于河水和湾内表层海水。利用222Rn质量平衡模型估算得到珍珠湾SGD速率为(0.36±0.36) m/d，SGD输入到珍珠湾的DIC和DOC通量分别为(2.41±2.63)×107 mol/d和(1.96±2.20)×106 mol/d。珍珠湾溶解碳的源汇收支表明，SGD携带的DIC和DOC分别占珍珠湾总DIC和总DOC来源的91%和89%。因此，SGD携带的DIC和DOC是珍珠湾DIC和DOC的主要来源，是海岸带蓝碳收支和生物地球化学循环过程中的重要组成。 相似文献