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1.
新疆北部中二叠统芦草沟组的一套重要致密含油岩类一直被误认为是泥岩、泥晶白云岩、粉砂岩或油页岩。经过详细而系统的X衍射研究发现,在这套所谓"泥岩"的岩石中,以泥晶级别(30μm)的火山灰为主要组分,主要矿物成分为长石、石英和自生硅质成分,还有少量方沸石和黄铁矿,黏土的含量极低(5%)或无,属于火山凝灰岩中最细的一级,可定性为沉火山尘凝灰岩。全岩X衍射分析还表明,随着芦草沟组中白云石含量的递变,沉火山尘凝灰岩呈现向白云岩的渐变序列。沉火山尘凝灰岩在镜下具有非常好的荧光显示,TOC含量达2%~20%,有机质具有似层状和分散状两种赋存状态。岩石中有几种重要的储集空间:泄水通道、泄气孔、构造缝、硅质岩的碎裂缝、火山灰方沸石化溶孔及藻类(?)溶孔等。与非火山成因类泥岩和页岩的岩石学特征对比表明,芦草沟组沉火山尘凝灰岩可成为重要的烃源岩,而沉火山尘凝灰岩生烃过程中,大量的黏土矿物并非是必需的。沉火山尘凝灰岩可以是一种很好的自生自储岩类。 相似文献
2.
玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组是近几年准噶尔盆地页岩油接替的主攻领域,但其页岩成岩改造强烈,原始岩性归属尚不明确。X射线粉晶衍射测得风城组页岩黏土矿物含量普遍较低（<10%）,长英质矿物含量较高（60%~80%）。薄片分析发现风城组长英质页岩存在三种类型：① 粉砂级（4~63 μm）长石和石英碎屑含量丰富,为典型的粉砂岩;② 燧石条带和团块发育,为富硅页岩;③ 长英质基质发育,呈非碎屑状,且火山尘及火山玻璃少见,其矿物组成和形态与典型的黏土岩、粉砂岩及沉凝灰岩明显不同。背散射图像和高精度扫描电镜测得该长英质基质由碎屑和自生石英、钾长石和钠长石共同组成,可见黏土矿物、碎屑钾长石和钠长石向自生石英转化,碎屑钾长石向自生钠长石转化。通过调研全球中新生代碱湖沉积中自生硅酸盐矿物组合特征和成岩演化规律,探讨了二叠系风城组“贫”黏土矿物和“富”自生长英质矿物的原因,并提出风城组发育一类“改造长英质页岩”,主要由原始黏土和长石碎屑矿物和火山物质经过多期成岩改造而成。早期高碱（pH>9）沉积和成岩环境增加了SiO2溶解度和元素铝的活性,导致黏土矿物、泥级—细粉砂级长英质碎屑、火山灰等在入湖后发生“溶解、转化”,形成次稳定的硅酸盐矿物,如沸石和含镁蒙皂石,在经历漫长埋藏成岩后进一步转化为更为稳定的石英、钾长石和钠长石。碱湖页岩的成岩改造过程消耗了黏土矿物和火山灰,极大增加了页岩脆性,同时伴生了大量基质溶孔和晶间孔,是一类优质的页岩储层。 相似文献
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为了弄清新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩层系中SiO_2对储集层物性、脆性等特性的影响,通过全岩和黏土矿物X衍射、岩石力学性质、阴极发光、扫描电镜及电子能谱等实验手段对其中SiO_2的赋存状态进行了研究,初步探讨了SiO_2不同形态赋存的机理,并在此基础上探究了石英含量对储层的影响。研究表明:凝灰岩、泥页岩和粉砂质泥岩中二氧化硅多以非晶态形式存在。二氧化硅在凝灰岩中多呈不规则球粒状,而在泥页岩和粉砂质页岩中无固定形态。凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质白云岩和白云岩中二氧化硅呈现一定的晶体形态。在凝灰质泥岩中,二氧化硅以自生石英形态聚集呈条带状,在凝灰质白云岩中则以自生石英形态发育于孤立的孔、洞之中,而白云岩中二氧化硅只能生长成Opal-A/Opal-CT阶段。凝灰质成分及其脱玻化作用为自生石英的生长提供了二氧化硅和生长空间,是控制SiO_2赋存状态的根本因素。此外,储集层孔隙度、渗透率和抗压强度都与石英含量呈一定正相关性,泊松比则与其呈负相关性。 相似文献
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吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油储层初步研究：岩性与孔隙特征分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电子探针观测,结合野外剖面及测井和地震等资料,分析吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油
储层岩性与孔隙特征。结果表明致密储层段由呈韵律互层产出的白云岩类/粉砂岩类与泥岩类构成,一般由3~5 个韵律组成,
具有一定的非均质性。储层岩石类型主要为白云质粉砂岩/粉砂质白云岩、砂屑白云岩以及泥晶白云岩。其中白云质粉砂岩
/ 粉砂质白云岩分布最广,为芦草沟组上、下储层段（“甜点”）最主要储集岩,砂屑白云岩只分布于上储层段,泥晶白云岩
以薄的夹层形式分布于上、下储层段。电子探针微区观测表明,储集空间以溶蚀型孔隙为主,孔径大小从几μm 到30 μm,
可分为粒间/ 晶间溶孔、粒内溶孔以及部分裂缝型孔隙,发生溶蚀作用的矿物以钠长石为主,白云石次之。定量分析表明,
白云质粉砂岩/ 粉砂质白云岩主要由钠长石、白云石以及少量钾长石等矿物组成,砂屑白云岩主要由微晶白云石和少量钠长
石等矿物组成,泥晶白云岩主要由微晶白云石和少量石英、钠长石等矿物组成。 相似文献
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二连盆地下白垩统烃源岩中普遍发育一套粒度偏细的富凝灰质的复杂岩性段,包括(沉)凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩及凝灰质砂岩。以阿南凹陷腾格尔组一段为研究对象,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光及X衍射矿物分析等手段,讨论凝灰岩及凝灰质岩储层的岩石学特征及成岩作用。研究区凝灰岩主要呈薄层状夹于厚层泥岩中,分布在深湖-半深湖亚相,储层物性较好,以脱玻化孔为主,局部见隐晶、微晶的长英质或白云石充填脱玻孔或粒间孔。沉凝灰岩和凝灰质泥岩主要分布于扇三角洲前缘席状砂远端和滨浅湖亚相,处于中成岩阶段A2亚期,以凝灰质蚀变作用为主,生成的黏土矿物易充填孔隙,导致储层物性较差,以微孔和构造微裂隙为主。凝灰质砂岩主要分布于扇三角洲前缘,处于中成岩阶段A1亚期,溶蚀作用强烈,导致储层物性较好,以长石和方解石胶结物溶孔为主。研究表明,阿南凹陷腾一段的有利储层主要为分布在半深湖-深湖亚相的凝灰岩及扇三角洲前缘的凝灰质砂岩。 相似文献
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火山活动与辽西四合屯脊椎动物群死亡关系的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
近年来在辽西北票四合屯发现了大量的早期岛类及“长毛”的小型兽脚类恐龙化石层,完美的化石形态表明本区发生过多次非正常生物集群死亡事件。化石层与火山凝灰岩层（或火山灰）密切共生在一起。本文选择了其中四个化石数量巨大的脊椎动物化石层,对其中凝灰岩（或火山灰）中的火山玻璃及五晶矿物内原生岩包裹体的挥发分成分进行了电子探针测定。研究结果表明,号世界相同成分的其它火山相比,本区火山喷出气体的含量较高;火山喷出的各种气体（HCl、HF、H2S、SO2、SO3和H2O蒸汽）的组成比例不同,对应着化层内脊椎动物化石组合也存在差异。作者认为,火山喷山的气体及火山灰（尘）的综合气体效应是造成本区生物集群死亡的重要原因。 相似文献
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为了探讨储层微观孔隙特征及产能规律,给火山岩油气开发提供有利依据,通过对松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩进行岩心描述,结合测井、地震资料,X 衍射、扫描电镜、物性、含气性等数据进行构造背景分析,开展了凝灰岩储层地质特征综合研究.结果表明:研究区营城组凝灰岩矿物成分主要为石英、长石和黏土矿物,凝灰岩发生了风化蚀变作用,火山灰偏中性;区内凝灰岩在横向上分布广泛,在纵向上由多个叠合单元构成,测井曲线具“三高两低”的特征.按照凝灰岩的发育规模和含气性特征将火山机构分成小规模、中规模和大规模凝灰岩火山机构３类.凝灰岩储层为中孔低渗型储层,为低产储层,其低产因素有两个:一是黏土矿物(尤其是伊蒙混层)质量分数较高,二是受深部压实作用影响.凝灰岩储层次生孔隙所占比例大于８０％,主要储集空间类型为溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝,溶蚀孔主要以长石溶蚀孔和基质溶蚀孔为主,裂缝发育是形成凝灰岩优质储层的关键因素,在中浅部(尤其是构造高部位)地区易形成高产气层,利用测井曲线(补偿中子＋密度)可有效预测凝灰岩储层. 相似文献
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新疆三塘湖盆地中二叠统芦草沟组发育湖泊背景下的白云岩、灰岩、黑色泥岩、页岩及碎屑岩的互层沉积。白云岩主要有两类：一类为粉—泥晶白云岩,主要由含量约70％的泥晶白云石和含量约30％的粉晶白云石构成,白云石有序度为0.48,扫描电镜下主要有菱形、他形、球状和管状4种微形态,自形程度较好的菱形晶体多为含铁白云石;另一类为方沸钾长白云岩,主要由晶粒为0.08～0.35mm的细粒方沸石、泥晶钾长石（透长石）、泥晶白云石和铁白云石构成,个别为粗晶白云石,白云石有序度0.58。与粉—泥晶白云岩中的白云石相比,方沸钾长白云岩中的白云石以高的铁、锰含量为特征,扫描电镜下多为半自形的菱形晶体。两类白云岩中白云石的有序度均较低,且均为富Sr白云石,内部均缺乏次生交代证据。通过对两类白云岩成分、微量元素及稳定同位素的差异性分析,认为尽管两类白云岩都形成于浅—半深湖相强还原沉积环境,但是它们的形成机制有所不同,粉—泥晶白云岩具有原生沉淀白云石的特征,其中球状及管状的白云石可能与微生物吸附作用有关,而他形及菱形的白云石为直接沉淀的原生白云石;另一类方沸钾长白云岩中的白云石及铁白云石可能与湖底热泉的喷流沉积作用有关。 相似文献
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通过对乌夏地区早二叠世风城组油气生储特征研究,认为该区的火山作用不仅能在近火山口相的流纹质弱熔结角砾凝灰岩中,形成以裂缝气孔为主要组合的油气储集体,而且能使远火山口相白云质凝灰岩和凝灰质白云岩,在有机质丰富的条件下,共同发育为烃原岩;而这种烃源岩由于裂缝系统发育不但构成了源岩型的自生自储的油气藏,而且在横向上还可与同层异相的裂缝气孔型储层构成自生自储油气藏,形成一套一源两相的生储系统（其中的源、藏共一系统勘探意义重要）。应用地化生标、岩石类型和自生矿物等相关资料,对富含火山物质的有机相、火山岩储集类型和储集性能进行了对比和论证。同时,根据大型火山岩油气藏多与近距离的烃源岩关系密切：近源运聚或可自生自储成藏等特点提出：从不同沉积盆地和不同火山机构,总结火山岩油气生储系统分布规律是指导火山岩油气勘探的有利途径。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献