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利用大气环流特征量和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了强热带风暴"碧利斯"造成异常强降水的气候背景。结果表明,冬春季节西太平洋暖池海温偏高时,夏季副热带高压脊线活动偏北,影响中国的热带气旋个数偏多,2006年冬春季海温分布及夏季副高活动形势有利热带气旋影响中国。强热带风暴"碧利斯"登陆和西行时,大气环流高层辐散、低层辐合和热带辐合带的位置偏北、西南暖湿气流在华南有强的辐合等均有利中国南部地区气流辐合上升,使"碧利斯"登陆后低压环流仍能长时间维持,从而造成异常强降水。 相似文献
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将登陆华南影响广西的热带气旋分为长时间维持(LTC)和维持时间短(STC)两类,并应用NCEP再分析资料,对这两类热带气旋的影响系统和物理量场进行对比分析,结果表明,两类热带气旋的影响系统和物理量场存在明显的差异.影响两类热带气旋的天气系统差异显著:影响LTC的200 hPa南亚高压强度一般在1252 hPa以上,而影响STC的南亚高压强度较弱;200 hPa高空槽距离LTC有一定的距离,高空槽前的辐散气流有利于热带气旋的维持,而STC距离高空槽很近,由于垂直切变增大,热带气旋将迅速减弱;副高和LTC的位置配置使得LTC东侧的急流将海上的水汽输送到热带气旋内部,有利于其维持,而当副高太强时,STC垂直环流会受到抑制,不利于其维持;LTC期间强的西南季风槽带来热带云团输送减缓了其环流的衰减,而影响STC西南季风较弱.物理量场方面,LTC高空辐散较STC明显偏强;登陆后LTC的两个水汽通道的水汽输送较STC均明显偏强;另外,Q矢量分析表明,Q矢量辐合辐散中心的强度变化在一定程度上反映出热带气旋衰减的过程. 相似文献
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0604号台风"碧利斯"持久不消及造成云南暴雨成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°6h再分析资料对0604号台风"碧利斯"登陆后持久不消及其造成云南暴雨的成因进行分析.其结果表明:两高间强而宽广的辐合带和西南急流增强使台风低压在陆上连续5d不消,副高、西南急流在低压区形成的最大风速中心位置决定台风低压移动方向.此次云南台风暴雨是在台风减弱低压主导作用下,激发强不稳定能量释放、产生强对流,形成利于垂直运动深厚发展伴有强抽吸作用的暴雨动力结构,孟加拉湾水汽源源不断向云南上空输送,经低层强水汽辐合抬升凝结而造成的.影响云南500hPa低压干位涡涡源中心值越大地面降水越强,850hPa干、湿位涡可提前12h预示台风减弱、移动方向的信息. 相似文献
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本文用ECMWF2.5×2.5网格点资料通过一个例子,对有利于南海热带气旋发展的环流场作了详细的分析,发现几点事实:(1)扰动在风的垂直切变较大的环境中仍可发展。(2)扰动位于中、低空西南急流左侧,高空南支东风急流右侧时,有利发展。(3)中,低空西南急流形成了扰动环流的强风潮,强风潮从扰动南侧入角,并包围扰动的东半圆。(4)扰动中、低层的入流和高层的外流呈现严重的不对称性。(5)当扰动发展到一定强度时,对南海热带季风环流圈的加强起到正反馈作用。 相似文献
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利用实况观测和北京T213数值预报资料,对2003年9月3～4日山东雨季最后一场大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,本次大暴雨是由在广东登陆的热带气旋倒槽北伸与西风带弱冷空气相结合的产物。伴随登陆热带气旋生成的低空东南急流为暴雨输送了丰富的热量和水汽,低层增暖增湿促使层结不稳定加剧,而西风带弱冷空气的侵入对暖湿空气具有抬升作用,可触发对流发展和不稳定能量释放,导致大暴雨产生。鲁中山区西南侧有利地形促使了低层气旋环流的形成,对暴雨具有明显的增幅作用,是该地区出现暴雨中心的重要原因。 相似文献
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利用T213、ECMWF数值预报资料和热带气旋历史资料,对0814号强台风"黑格比"快速移动以及造成广西持续大范围暴雨的成因进行分析,表明造成台风"黑格比"快速移动的主要原因是:(1)副热带高压突发性加强西伸,脊线稳定维持在30°N附近,台风与副高脊线之间的东风带宽广且深厚,风速≥12m/s,急流轴随台风从东向西递进;(2)赤道地区的西南气流正处于弱和相对稳定的时期,无明显能量补充到台风环流中;(3)台风结构尺度小,uv分量分析显示,u分量的东西风、v分量的南北风差值极小,环流风对称,即使登陆后还保持这一特点;(4)无"双台风"或多台风的间接影响。造成广西大范围暴雨的主要原因是:(1)台风"黑格比"进入广西内陆后,中心涡度值维持在11.5×10-5S-1以上,强度偏大;(2)台风"黑格比"在广西西南部移速减慢,维持较强的水汽辐合,进入越南前,中心附近的水汽通量散度仍有-60×10-5S-1,与通常台风相比,水汽辐合明显偏强。 相似文献
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"珍珠"台风强度及路径异常的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°格点资料,从能量场、湿度场、辐散场以及西南季风和越赤道气流等多方面对"珍珠"的强度及路径进行分析,发现副高前期在南海的维持以及副高后期环流形势的调整是"珍珠"强度维持和路径突变的关键;南海海域维持高能区、弱水平风垂直切变、对流层上层强大的辐散场、以及充沛的水汽供应、风场动力非对称结构等是"珍珠"强度能维持的重要原因;西南季风、越赤道气流和副高南落而引发的东南风急流形成的季风汇合线是"珍珠"北翘的直接原因.台风风场结构中不对称强风速区的转移对台风路径改变有预示作用. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献