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1.
库车盆地铜成矿作用发生在新近纪,主要有砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型、含石英脉硫化物型铜矿化。矿化主要分布在盆地南部的秋里塔格构造带和北部的克拉苏构造带,基本位于背斜核部偏两翼部位,沿近东西向的断裂带呈带状分布,发育在盐丘附近。主要的地表铜矿物是氯铜矿,为干旱气候条件下含盐盆地的产物。盆地古近系蒸发岩电镜分析、石膏铜含量化学分析及新近系碎屑岩中铜含量变化分析结果表明：盐岩、膏岩,褐红色碎屑岩（粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩）为铜的矿源层,灰绿色粉砂岩、泥岩、灰白色（含砾）中粗砂岩为铜的含矿层。铜离子的运移载体为源自大气降水溶解蒸发岩所形成的卤水,卤水淋滤褐红色碎屑岩中的铜并下渗到地下,在以构造挤压为主及盐构造卸负作用产生流体上涌的驱动力下沿断裂向地表运移,随着卤水温度压力降低,在干旱气候条件下,在地表碎屑岩节理面、部分层理面上盐、膏、铜矿物析出,形成地表砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型铜矿化。如果含铜卤水经过被方解石交代的硬石膏带时,遇到由于TSR反应形成的还原硫、氧化－还原化学障,铜会发生富集,可能形成地下铜矿体。 相似文献
2.
库车盆地在古—新近纪时期发育巨厚的蒸发岩沉积,自下而上蒸发岩沉积地层主要有:古近系的库姆格列木组、苏维依组;新近系下部的吉迪克组,依据部分钻井剖面资料,可识别出5个蒸发岩沉积旋回。库姆格列木时期巨厚的蒸发岩沉积（Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2沉积旋回期）是燕山后期相对宁静的大地构造环境反映;苏维依时期蒸发岩沉积（Ⅰ3沉积旋回期）在岩性、沉积范围上发生明显改变,反映了早喜马拉雅构造环境下的不稳定沉积,吉迪克早期巨厚的盐、膏沉积（Ⅰ4沉积旋回期）及沉积区域的继续迁移则反映了早喜马拉雅构造影响仍然存在但已经减弱;吉迪克中期（Ⅰ5沉积旋回期）蒸发岩沉积结束,盐湖沉积转变为陆源碎屑岩夹薄层石膏沉积,以砂、砾为主的山麓相沉积指示了当时山体抬升、遭受剥蚀、快速堆积的沉积环境,反映了相对活动的大地构造环境,是中喜马拉雅构造运动时期的开始。可见,库车盆地的蒸发岩沉积与喜马拉雅构造运动有较好的对应关系,是大区域的构造运动在小区域范围内的地质事件反映。 相似文献
3.
库车盆地铜矿化与盐丘系统的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
库车盆地新近系发育一系列盐丘体,遥感解译和野外地貌调查共发现36个盐丘体,主要分布在南部的秋里塔格构造带和北部的克拉苏构造带,沿近东西向断裂呈带状分布.在盐丘体的发育过程中,盐丘体、围岩及围岩中发育的断裂与破碎带等构成一个盐丘体系统.调查显示铜矿化发育在盐丘体附近,位于盆地南、北两大构造带(背斜带)轴部偏两翼处,共有砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型3种类型,主要矿物为氯铜矿,矿化层位于上新统的康村组和中新统的吉迪克组.扫描电镜分析发现,盐丘体中盐岩样品含有自然铜、氯铜矿,表明盐丘体可以为地表铜矿化提供铜源,而卤水中的盐分来自盐丘体中盐、膏的溶解.盐丘系统不但为地表铜矿化提供铜源,而且其卤水对铜的富集、运移起到载体作用.存在于盐丘系统围岩并与后期盐丘体相伴生的断裂、节理、破碎带,为含铜卤水的迁移提供通道,盐丘体后期的构造挤压力,成为含铜卤水的运移动力.因此,盐丘系统发育过程对碎屑岩型铜矿形成起到关键性控制作用. 相似文献
4.
冀北内蒙古隆起带及其南缘侏罗纪煤系地层探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对冀北内蒙卉隆起带及其南缘侏罗纪煤系岩性特征及所含植物化石进行研究,并将其与内蒙古早-中侏罗世含煤地层进行对比,认为研究区早一中侏罗世下花园组下部以碎屑岩为主夹煤线的杂色岩性段,以植物化石Coniopteris种数和数量的稀少为特征,应单独划分为一个组,与内蒙古五当沟组相当,应称之为五当沟组。上部灰、深灰色夹灰绿色以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主含可采煤层的细碎屑岩性段,以含有丰富的植物化石Coniopteris为特征,是内蒙古召沟组在冀北的延伸,应称之为召沟组。 相似文献
5.
柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图矿区蕴藏着极为丰富的钾盐类矿产资源。钾盐察ZK02孔设计1500 m,钻遇地层为新近系盐湖相沉积地层。在钻进过程中易产生缩径、造浆、掉块、坍塌等现象,钻遇盐岩层或含钙、镁离子盐水入侵时,钻井液性能易发生变化,给钻探施工带了困难。根据盐矿钻孔地质条件和技术要求,设计3级口径的钻孔结构。在施工中,针对巨厚层砂砾碎屑岩的特点,选择加重卤水钻井液护壁,起到了安全护壁效果,并采用研制的卤水钻井液混合搅拌器,提高了配浆速度,保证了钻井液性能和质量。卤水钻井液和卤水钻井液混合搅拌器的使用,为柴达木盆地深层卤水钾盐矿区的钻探施工探索出了快速配制钻井液提供了借鉴。 相似文献
6.
Paratacamite from Gypsum Veins in Sandstones of the Kuqa Basin,Xinjiang, China: Implications for a New Epigenetic Cu Enrichment Mechanism 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Kuqa Basin filled with Paleogene evaporite series is located in the northeast of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. It is famous for sandstone‐hosted Cu deposits formed by synsedimentary processes. However, our recent studies reveal that there has been another Cu mineralization mechanism in this basin. Field investigations show that there is a close relationship among faults, salt domes, and brine. Cu deposits are mainly located in two east–west‐trending anticlinal belts in the basin, adjacent to salt domes in the belts. Cu minerals in gypsum veins of the Jidike and Kangcun formations have been investigated by SEM, EDS, and X‐ray diffraction methods. The occurrence of paratacamite in gypsum veins has been reported to coexist with glauberite and halite in the joint planes of sandstones. In addition, it occurs accompanying residual crystal salt encrustation in limestone fractures, or in sandstones in dendritic form. These features indicate that the surface‐Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin might have originated from Cu‐bearing brine in the underlying evaporite units, which migrated upward along fractures. In addition, the presence of H2S in the east–west fault belt in the Kuqa Basin, and the discovery of surface sulfur, calcium carbonate, and covellite, suggest thermochemical sulfate reduction near salt domes in the deeper parts of the rock units. This process resulted in the generation of reduced brine and provided a favorable environment for Cu enrichment. Therefore, the surface‐Cu mineralization near salt domes is interpreted to be the result of Cu‐bearing brine migrating upward to the surface along faults (or joints) following the intrusion of deep salt domes. The geological evidence indicates the presence of reducing brine and Cu‐bearing brine near the salt dome in the deeper rocks of the Kuqa Basin, thus making the intrusive contact zone of the salt dome a favorable site for the epigenetic enrichment of Cu. Our study demonstrates that Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin resulted not only from synsedimentary deposition but also through epigenetic enrichment associated with salt dome intrusion and brine‐rich fluids. 相似文献
7.
河北平原古近系地层主要发育有东营组、沙河街组和孔店组,其岩性以泥灰岩、泥岩、钙质泥岩、石膏泥岩和砂岩为主。影响取心钻探钻进速度的物理力学因素较多,本文主要以岩石密度、抗压强度和弹塑性为主进行了研究分析。研究得出岩石密度和抗压强度均随着地层深度的增加而增加,古近系东营组和沙河街组一段至三段岩石密度明显低于沙河街组四段和孔店组,钻进取心速度差异明显;古近系地层中的泥岩段由于粘土矿物成分占比增加造成岩石弹塑性增强,对钻进速度的影响比较明显;文中提出了古近系地层取心钻探过程中地层的可钻性级别及合理的钻头类型匹配。 相似文献
8.
贺兰山以南中奥陶统香山群徐家圈组古水流分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
贺兰山以南中奥陶统香山群为一套遭受轻微区域变质的陆源碎屑岩,并夹有少量碳酸盐岩和硅质岩,属于深海浊流沉积。其下部徐家圈组由灰绿、黄绿色轻变质细粒砂岩、钙质砂岩及粉砂岩和页岩组成,沉积环境为深水斜坡环境,并在该组发现了内波、内潮汐沉积,主要表现为双向交错层理。本文通过对徐家圈组指向沉积构造所显示的古水流资料进行研究,综合分析了香山群徐家圈组沉积时浊流方向和古斜坡方向,并利用古水流资料探讨了内波流和内潮汐流的方向。结果表明,槽模古水流方向从北向南略呈扇形发散状,代表了沉积时的浊流方向;交错层理古水流方向主要分散在NWW—NE之间,可以代表内波流和内潮汐流方向。对古水流平面分布特征进行综合分析,可以判断出沉积时区域斜坡方向与浊流方向基本一致,大致为SSW向,沉积时内波和内潮汐的传播方向则大致为NW向。 相似文献
9.
碳酸盐岩地层中的岩溶储层十分常见,但在碎屑岩地层研究中,却很少见到关于岩溶储层的报道。在对冀东油田老
爷庙地区古近系东营组储层研究项目中,发现碎屑岩同样存在岩溶储层,而且其分布规律和控制因素与碳酸盐岩岩溶储层
十分相似。东营组砂岩储层为三角洲-湖泊沉积,钙质胶结十分普遍。根据岩心和测井资料分析发现,砂岩岩溶储层发育
在新近系和古近系之间的区域不整合面之下,孔隙主要是由砂岩中钙质胶结物溶蚀产生的。根据岩心和测井资料统计分析,
不整合面之下砂岩岩溶储层带的厚度为150 m 左右。因此,对于钙质胶结的砂岩来说,不整合面之下是有利储层发育带。 相似文献
10.
塔里木盆地(简称塔,下同)西南凹陷古新世阿尔塔什组发育巨厚层海相石膏岩,夹薄层泥岩、粉砂岩及灰岩,是塔西南凹陷断续海侵环境下多期次蒸发沉积的产物。野外调查显示,该层海相石膏岩出现于皮拉里、阿尔塔什、麻扎塔格及大山口地区的阿尔塔什组露头剖面。石膏岩在凹陷内分布广泛,在西昆仑山前、南天山山前及麦盖提斜坡带均有发育且沉积厚度比较稳定。石膏岩中主要盐类矿物为石膏、硬石膏。扫描电镜分析发现,石膏岩中尚含石盐、钙芒硝及含钾镁的硫酸盐等;石膏岩样品中石盐、石膏、硬石膏等多呈细晶或自形微晶,推测阿尔塔什组沉积期,古盐湖曾出现过富钾卤水;通过对皮拉里剖面石膏岩样品进行地球化学分析,揭示该地区古新世古盐湖演化过程中出现2个相对富钾峰值。在古盐湖演化过程中,由于多期次特提斯海水的侵入,凹陷内部阿尔塔时期发育了碎屑岩—巨厚层石膏岩—碎屑岩的沉积韵律,古盐湖卤水表现为淡—咸—淡的变化规律。伴随着阿尔塔时期4次大规模的海侵,石膏岩沉积从西昆仑山前扩展到麦盖提斜坡地带,海侵范围也逐渐扩大。在阿尔塔什组顶部发育中厚层灰岩,显示在阿尔塔什组沉积晚期,塔西南凹陷沉积环境从●湖相逐渐向浅海相环境演变。 相似文献
11.
东昆仑东段下三叠统洪水川组沉积序列与盆地构造原型恢复 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
下三叠统洪水川组沉积地层研究结果表明,洪水川组由底到顶可划分为6个岩性段,一段主要为灰绿-肝红色粗碎屑岩及紫红色细碎屑岩组合;二段主要为灰绿色含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩夹砾岩组合;三段以深灰色-灰黑色薄层-中薄层灰岩为主,四段主要为浅灰色-灰色中-薄层粉砂岩夹灰色薄层灰岩组合,五段主要为鲍马序列中某几段有规律的浊积岩组合,六段主要为灰色中薄层细砾岩、含细砾粗砂岩、细砂岩夹薄层钙质粉砂岩及灰岩组合。岩石组合及沉积结构构造特征表明,洪水川组一段和二段属于扇三角洲沉积体系,三段和四段属于浅海混积陆棚沉积体系,五段属于半深海-深海浊流沉积体系,六段属于滨浅海沉积体系。洪水川组沉积序列与弧前盆地沉积序列相似,记录了一个弧前盆地初始沉积、正常沉积、晚期沉积等连续的沉积-构造演化过程,认为洪水川组是一套形成于阿尼玛卿-布青山古特提斯洋向北俯冲过程中的弧前盆地的产物,客观记录了东昆仑三叠纪弧前盆地形成及古洋壳俯冲过程。 相似文献
12.
13.
康滇古大陆裂谷的发生和演化造就了楚雄盆地,沉积出煤、铜、盐旋回与含矿建造和矿床组合.铜矿的生成(特别是改造富集)与煤(有机质)、盐(热卤水)密切相关.大姚—牟定式砂岩铜矿以其规模最大而具代表性.它的成矿作用的演化是从风化沉积作用到成岩作用、后生作用再到改造作用.作用的结果是分别产生含铜有机质沉积体、成岩矿层、后生矿层和改造富矿体.层状矿体赋存于砂岩浅紫交互带是氧化性流体与还原性流体相汇于斯而发生氧化—还原反应沉积成岩的结果.其金属硫化物的生成顺序与分带是遵循S、O、Fe、Cu热液体系中矿物共生组合规律的,随介质条件、四元素浓度的差异而变化. 相似文献
14.
通过沉积岩石学、岩相学、粒度分析等研究方法,对维美组沉积特征、沉积环境及演化提出新的认识和探讨。晚侏罗世维美组主要为一套陆源碎屑物质沉积,沉积期共经历4个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回的岩石组合大致为含砾石英砂岩-中、粗粒石英砂岩-细粒石英砂岩(长石石英砂岩)-粉砂岩(泥岩、页岩),由底到顶粒度变细,层厚减薄。识别出6种岩相类别:含砾石英砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、薄层页岩-泥岩互层;发现平行层理、水平层理、粒序层理和重荷模等沉积构造;识别出陆棚、滨岸和陆棚下切河道3类沉积相,其中陆棚相包括内陆棚和外陆棚亚相,滨岸相包括近滨上部和近滨下部亚相;陆棚下切河道充填结构大致为:下部河道砂砾岩层,中部不等粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩层,上部细粒石英砂岩、泥岩层。综合来看,维美组沉积环境为位于克拉通边缘上浅海环境,沉积物质及沉积序列受海平面升降变化影响显著,主要形成于全球海平面下降之后上升的阶段。 相似文献
15.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(2):335-359
Predominantly fine‐grained strata were deposited in the Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea area of the Northern Permian Basin. Previously regarded as monotonous red claystone, examination of continuous core reveals abundant stratification, significant variation in colour, siltstone as the prevalent average grain size, and claystone is rare. Loessite occurs beyond the north‐western lacustrine margin, and aerosol dust has inundated clay pellets derived from aeolian reworking of the desiccated lake floor. The loessite has limited evidence of pluvial reworking but rare fossil roots testify to sufficient moisture to sustain plants. Loessite has not previously been differentiated successfully from other fine‐grained strata in the subsurface, but this study defines the presence of random grain‐fabric orientation as an intrinsic unequivocal characteristic of loessite that formed during air‐fall deposition of aerosol dust. Comparison with outcrop data verifies the utility of grain fabric to differentiate loessite. Tosudite, an aluminous di‐octahedral regularly ordered mixed‐layer chlorite/smectite, which is rare in sedimentary rock, forms a significant proportion (10 to 21%) of the clay mineral fraction of loessite along with a similar quantity of kaolinite. In all other samples, only illite and chlorite are identified, which is typical of fine‐grained Triassic strata. In a location, close to the southern lake margin, lacustrine strata are characterized by fining‐upward couplets of very fine‐grained sandstone into siltstone and mudstone, with occasional desiccated surfaces. Small sand injections and associated sand extrusions are common and indicate periodic fluidization of sand. Precise stratigraphic location of the Smith Bank Formation is problematic because of extremely sparse fossil preservation; however, there is no sedimentological evidence for a period of hyperaridity known from the early Olenekian in continental Europe, which may mean that the North Permian Basin was never hyperarid or that the Smith Bank Formation is restricted to the Induan. 相似文献
16.
川西高原的上白垩统及第三系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
川西高原的上白垩统及第三系属于山间盆地型陆相沉积 ,红层发育 ,化石稀少 ,地层划分、对比困难。本地区有化石证据的白垩纪地层仅见于雀儿山南麓的德格县 ,错阿组为一套红色含砾砂岩和粉、细砂岩 ,上部夹灰黄、灰黑色钙质粉砂岩及含铜砂岩 ,深灰色含铜砂岩中产有以希指蕨孢居统治地位的孢粉植物群 ,地质时代为晚白垩世中期。本区古近系红层发育 ,理塘县热鲁村附近的热鲁群下部为红色岩系 ,中上部灰黄、灰色粉砂岩内产以 Pali-binia和桃金娘科为主的植物群 ,时代为早—中始新世。目前可以肯定的中新统仅见于松潘县红土坡一带 ,为一套含煤的灰、灰黄色碎屑岩系 ,其中所含的叶化石和孢子花粉表明其时代为中新世。上新统至更新统分布较广 ,北部以白玉县昌台地区较为典型 ,称昌台群。无论从化石或岩性看昌台群均可分为上、下两套 :下部以杂色碎屑岩为主 ,夹砾岩和玄武岩 ,其中的孢粉组合以麻黄及榆科、藜科花粉丰富为特征 ;上部以含褐煤的暗色碎屑岩为主 ,除丰富的植物化石外 ,孢子花粉为松科、菊科、杜鹃科等居优势的组合 ,昌台群的地质时代为上新世到到早更新世。南部的上新统—更新统以昔格达组为代表 ,主要是河湖相暗色岩系 ,局部地区有褐煤夹层 ,产植物叶化石和孢子花粉 ,时代主要属于更新世 ,下部在某 相似文献
17.
古近纪时期,华南江汉盆地的潜江凹陷和江陵凹陷发育盐湖,沉积了巨厚的蒸发岩,并形成和储藏了富锂、钾、铷、铯、溴、碘等元素的卤水资源,这些元素含量达到工业品位或综合利用品位;富锂卤水属于深层地下卤水型锂矿资源,镁锂比值低,是非常优质的锂资源。本文总结了江汉盆地大地构造特征、火成岩及古气候背景,论述了古盐湖沉积岩相特征、富锂卤水水化学、分布及储层特征、卤水中锂的来源与富集机理、卤水型锂矿成矿模式以及富锂卤水勘查与开采技术进展,提出了卤水开发利用中存在的问题和解决途径。江汉盆地富锂卤水成因包括:古盐湖锂可能主要来自高温水岩反应产生的富锂热液流体的补给;在干旱的气候下,古湖水不断蒸发浓缩,导致卤水中锂浓缩富集;在盐湖演化末期,逐渐埋藏的盐类晶间富锂卤水被转移至裂隙、砂岩及玄武岩储层中储集;在较高的地热背景值下,埋藏卤水与储层岩石可能发生水岩反应,进一步促进了卤水中锂的富集。江汉盆地深层卤水初步勘查显示,氯化锂资源量已达到大型工业规模,展示了巨大的资源潜力。此外,卤水锂开采技术已基本形成,建议进一步加强富锂卤水的绿色开发技术研究,制定相关勘查开发规范。 相似文献
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受区域性构造运动和古近纪特殊气候的共同影响,在英西地区沉积了一套陆相咸化湖盆混积岩,其特殊的相序组合对研究陆相咸化湖盆高频层序划分及古地理演化具有重要意义。英西地区下干柴沟组上段地层主要为暗色细粒混积岩,矿物成分复杂,主要由陆源碎屑、碳酸盐矿物和蒸发盐矿物组成,可以划分为碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩三大岩石类型,分别为湖盆演化的淡化阶段、初始咸化阶段和咸化阶段产物。研究区目的层段识别出7个四级层序（Psq1~Psq7）,除Psq1和Psq2不发育区域性盐岩层外,其他四级层序都由碎屑岩段、碳酸盐岩段、混积型蒸发岩段和区域性盐岩层组成,这也反映出气候及湖盆性质的逐渐演化。在四级层序约束下,根据盐岩层相对厚度,对英西地区下干柴沟组上段的古地貌特征进行了恢复。Psq1和Psq2发育于湖盆演化的相对早期阶段,咸水湖范围非常有限。Psq3至Psq5沉积期间,湖水咸化程度逐渐增加,咸水湖范围不断扩大,在几个洼陷区沉积了大套厚层盐岩。Psq6沉积期间,经过前几个阶段的填洼补平,研究区地貌总体趋于平坦,高差幅度明显减小。至Psq7沉积期间,研究区西部逐渐退出深洼区,沉积中心开始向东发生迁移。 相似文献
20.
James T. Teller J. M. Bowler P. G. Macumber 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):159-175
Lake Tyrrell is a large ephemeral salt lake, the level of which is controlled by climate and groundwater. Up to a metre of water fills the basin during the wetter and cooler winter season, but evaporates during the summer, precipitating up to 10 cm of halite. Each year essentially the same pool of ions is redissolved by this annual freshening. The small percentage of gypsum precipated (< 2%) in the surface salt crust reflects the low calcium content of the brine which, in turn, is a function of the negligible net discharge of calcium from the groundwater system. The small influx of fine‐grained clastic sediment to the lake floor comes from surface runoff, wind, and reworking of older sediment from the shoreline. The Lake Tyrrell basin lies in a setting in which three different groundwater types, identified by distinct salinities, interact with surface waters. A refluxing cycle that goes from discharging groundwater at the basin margin, to surface evaporation on the lake floor, to recharge through the floor of the lake, controls the major chemical characteristics of the basin. In this process, salts are leached downward from the lake floor to join a brine pool below the lake. This provides an outlet from the lake, especially under conditions that have been both drier and wetter than those of today. Enhanced discharge occurs under drier conditions, when the enclosing regional groundwater divide is lowered, whereas a rise in lake level increases the hydraulic head over that of the sub‐surface brine and promotes an increase in brine loss from the lake. Sulphate‐reducing bacteria in a zone of black sulphide‐rich mud beneath the salt crust help prevent gypsum from being incorporated into the recent sedimentary record. However, below the upper 5 to 10 cm zone of bacterial activity, discoidal gypsum is being precipitated within the mud from the groundwater. These crystals have grown by displacing the mud and typically “float” in a clay matrix; in some zones, they form concentrations exceeding 50% of the sediment. The occasional laminae of more prismatic gypsum that occur within the upper metre of mud have crystallised from surface brines. The scarcity of these comparatively pure prismatic‐crystal concentrations probably is a function of unfavourable chemical conditions in the lake brine and of the role that sulphate‐reducing bacteria have played. 相似文献