共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 141 毫秒
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应用含湍流频散效应的近地面层的运动方程求解了不同层结下的风速廓线，着重分析了湍流频散效应对近地面层平稳运动的影响。分析指出：湍流的频散效应对经典的幂律廓线一对数修正，该修正在不稳定层结时比稳定层时明显；利用相似理论也得到了该常数。 相似文献
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本文不做风和温度廓线相似性假设,使用最小二乘法分析位于粗糙、不均匀地形上北京气象专用塔在稳定条件下的平均风速和温度测量资料。结果表明,在近地面层,从弱稳定到强逆温的较宽的稳定层结范围内,对数加线性规律都是适用的;廓线参数β和β不是常数,它们的数值随大气稳定度而变化。文中给出的经验公式表明:廓线参数随R_i的增大而减少,随L的增大而增大。在临界理查逊数的两侧,廓线参数随R_i的变化遵循不同的规律。文中还表明,廓线相似性假设仅对大气层结稳定度较弱时才是真实的;当稳定度增大时,廓线变成不相似,P值随R_i的增大而增大。 相似文献
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本文以Monin-Obukhov(1954)相似理论为基础,分析研究了北京西郊八角村地区80米高的铁塔上观测的风速和温度资料。 指出在均匀粗糙地面条件下,中性平均风速廓线在77米高度内很好地满足对数规律;稳定层结下,对数一线性规律在(0.03 ≤R_i≤0.69)一个很宽的稳定范围内都是适用的,但是必须十分注意其线性项常数β是随稳定度R_i而变的。本文给出了β-R_i之间的经验关系为β=0.35R(-0.9)对于不稳定层结描写风速切变函数φ_m,我们得到:弱不稳定范围使用|z/L| ~((-1)/4)规律 相似文献
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利用位于江苏海岸陆地的两座测风塔以及福建海面的一座测风塔气象要素资料,分析了这两种下垫面风速、湍流等要素的日变化规律及廓线特征,探讨了这两种不同下垫面特征导致的风力特征差异。结果表明:海岸陆面日最大风速出现时间较内陆滞后,最小风速出现时间与内陆相差不大,风速日变化位相随高度滞后,日振幅随高度减小,冬季70 m高度风速日变化特征与10 m高度风速日变化特征相反,夜间大于白天,说明冬季的过渡层转换高度低于夏季;海面风速的日变化位相、日振幅等特征随高度变化很小。两种下垫面的风廓线用对数律、指数律拟合的效果相当,海岸陆面的风廓线指数呈现的规律为离岸风组大于向岸风组,冬季大于夏季;海面风廓线指数呈现的规律则是向岸风组大于离岸风组,夏季大于冬季。 相似文献
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应用压力中心法确定农田空气动力参数 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用小麦、水稻、大豆及玉米作物叶面积密度和冠层内外风廓线等的实测资料，作者首先在大田条件下根据压力中心法计算了上述农田的空气动力参数，并导出了一个计算零平面位移（ｄ）的物理模式。通过与实测资料的比较得出，压力中心法不仅完全可以用于野外的大田作物，而且结果的稳定性基本上不受大气层结的影响，精度在非中性层结下通常高于常用的对数廓线法和拽力系数法。本文结果还表明，通常情况下ｄ，Ｚ０与作物高度（ｈ）之比值是随作物群体结构和大气层结、湍流状况等的不同而变化的，而不是人们所普遍接受的常数值。随群体中最大密度层的相对分布高度和风速递减指数的增大，ｄ／ｈ增大。只有对于矮杆的大田作物，在其群体处于中等密度时，以下关系ｄ≈０．６４ｈ，Ｚ０≈０．０８ｈ才较稳定。对于高杆作物或密度稀疏的群体，土壤表面湍流通量的增加以及叶子的拽力系数随风速的变化指数的选取都对压力中心法的结果产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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华东沿海地带台风风廓线特征的观测个例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2007年的“韦帕”、2009年的“莫拉克”、2010年的“凡亚比”和2011年的“梅花”四个台风的GPS探空数据,本文对华东近海和沿海地带的台风风廓线特征进行分析。首先求出梯度风速及其对应的高度,在此基础上利用指数律和对数律对风廓线进行拟合,并对幂指数、10米高度的地表风速和梯度风速的风速比,以及由对数律定义的常通量层高度等参数进行计算,并对梯度风高度和常通量层高度进行比较。结果表明:登陆台风沿海地带风廓线的梯度风高度和常通量层高度有明显差异。本文还对登陆台风平均风廓线的各参数进行了计算,并对梯度风高度以下风廓线偏离对数律的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
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利用2010年12月至2014年5月宁波近海凉帽山370m高塔气象梯度风观测和浙江北部沿海自动气象站测风资料,对浙江北部近海风速垂直廓线进行分析,结果发现:受地形影响,偏南、偏北风时塔基风速一般比上一层风速大。不同天气系统影响下近地边界层风廓线不同,南风型320m以下风速基本遵从对数律。热带气旋影响型和北风型时风廓线可分为3段,常通量层内基本满足对数律,该层向上一段高度热带气旋影响型风速变化不大,北风型反而减小,再往上风速又继续增大。北风型风廓线的这种3段结构表现比热带气旋影响型更为清楚,约80~109m风速出现相对极大值,200~250m间存在风速极小值。满足对数律的近地边界层内小风比大风具有更好的拟合优度。浙江北部沿海自动气象站测风资料不同风型统计分析与高塔风廓线表现基本一致。 相似文献
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Effects of turbulent dispersion of atmospheric balance motions of planetary boundary layer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
New Reynolds' mean momentum equations including both turbulent viscosity and dispersion are used to analyze atmospheric balance motions of the planetary boundary layer. It is pointed out that turbulent dispersion with r 0 will increase depth of Ekman layer, reduce wind velocity in Ekman layer and produce a more satisfactory Ekman spiral lines fit the observed wind hodograph. The wind profile in the surface layer including tur-bulent dispersion is still logarithmic but the von Karman constant k is replaced by k1 = 1 -2/k, the wind increasesa little more rapidly with height. 相似文献
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Rainer Roth 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1970,1(2):131-136
A model is described, in which the mean vertical wind profile and turbulence spectra at different heights are calculated for a turbulent boundary layer without thermal stratification. The model makes use of Heisenberg's formula for the transfer of turbulent energy and is based on the assumption of a constant shearing stress in that boundary layer. As a result, a logarithmic wind profile follows with 0.39 as the value of von Kármán's constant, which is — in this model — strongly related to the inertial subrange of the turbulent energy spectra and therefore to the Kolmogoroff constant.This paper is based on studies done by the author during a one-year visit to CSIRO Division of Meteorological Physics, Aspendale, Australia, and was presented at the AGARD Specialists Meeting on The Aerodynamics of Atmospheric Shear Flows sponsored by the Fluid Dynamics Panel at Munich, Germany, during 15–17 Sept. 1969. 相似文献
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Ann-Sofi Smedman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1988,44(3):231-253
Boundary-layer measurements conducted at the Marsta site in Sweden from a winter-time situation (23–25 Feb.) with stable stratification have been analysed. The data comprise wind and temperature profile measurements up to 30 m, turbulence measurements at 2, 6 and 30 m and Doppler acoustic sounder data up to about 150 m. The upwind fetch at the site is flat and free from obstacles to a distance of ca 5 km for the particular sector chosen for the experiment.During the night, a two-layer vertical structure developed. Analysis of power spectra, co-spectra and variances in a shallow and very stable turbulent boundary layer near the ground show that the turbulence is fully developed and follow the universal behaviour.Above, at a height of 30 m, another turbulent layer is produced by increased wind shear near a low-level jet. This turbulent upper layer can be regarded as a layer of free shear flow. At this height, there also exist wave-turbulence interactions at low frequencies which sometimes cause a countergradient heat flux. 相似文献
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Inanc Senocak Andrew S. Ackerman Michael P. Kirkpatrick David E. Stevens Nagi N. Mansour 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(3):405-424
In large-eddy simulations (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), near-surface models are often used to supplement
subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent stresses when a major fraction of the energetic scales within the surface layer cannot be resolved
with the temporal and spatial resolution at hand. In this study, we investigate the performance of both dynamic and non-dynamic
eddy viscosity models coupled with near-surface models in simulations of a neutrally stratified ABL. Two near-surface models
that are commonly used in LES of the atmospheric boundary layer are considered. Additionally, a hybrid Reynolds- averaged/LES
eddy viscosity model is presented, which uses Prandtl’s mixing length model in the vicinity of the surface, and blends in
with the dynamic Smagorinsky model away from the surface. Present simulations show that significant portions of the modelled
turbulent stresses are generated by the near-surface models, and they play a dominant role in capturing the expected logarithmic
wind profile. Visualizations of the instantaneous vorticity field reveal that flow structures in the vicinity of the surface
depend on the choice of the near-surface model. Among the three near-surface models studied, the hybrid eddy viscosity model
gives the closest agreement with the logarithmic wind profile in the surface layer. It is also observed that high levels of
resolved turbulence stresses can be maintained with the so-called canopy stress model while producing good agreement with
the logarithmic wind profile. 相似文献
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Momentum extraction with saltation: Implications for experimental evaluation of wind profile parameters 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In wind tunnel studies of aeolian transport, the number and position of pitot tubes are decided by the researcher, so that there are important variations in the computation ofU * between studies. Velocity measurements seldom are made very close to mobile surfaces because the tubes become blocked by drifting sand grains. This practice is fortuitous as demonstrated by recent selfregulatory models of saltation which indicate that fluid and grain-borne shear stress vary substantially within the lowest 0.01 m and application of the logarithmic law is therefore unsound. This study reports detailed velocity measurements which further suggest that no single logarithmic expression, based on fixed values of κ and τ, adequately represents the full wind profile which includes the inner saltation cloud above 0.01 m and the outer grain-free region of the boundary layer. A much improved fit over the logarithmic wind profile model is achieved with a square root relation, although there is no known physical basis for this specific form of power model. Relatively shallow boundary-layer development in wind tunnels forces the velocity gradient above the region of momentum extraction to attain exceptionally large values, uncommon in natural settings. 相似文献
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Lei Xiaoen 《大气科学进展》1985,2(2):225-233
Using the turbulent statistical form of the vertical vortex diffusion coefficient K, in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and Ekman spiral wind profile, the three-dimensional diffusion equation is solved by the numeri-cal method. The influences of vertical shear of both wind direction and wind speed on pollution trajectory and horizontal diffusion parameters σy are numerically analysed. The expressions of both pollution trajectory and σy, including the factor of wind shear, are obtained. The results show that the vertical shear of wind is important among all factors affecting the mesoscale dispersion. Specifically, from neutral to stable atmospheric conditions, vertical shear of wind makes greater contribution to σy than turbulence, thus it is the most important factor. In this paper, we have compared horizontal dispersion pattern with both Pasquill's dispersion pattern considering wind direction shear, and experimental data collected at 9 different sites rang-ing from 10 to 100 km, and the results show that our dispersion pattern is closer to the experimental values than Pasquill's results, and his correction to shear of wind direction is too large under the stable conditions. 相似文献
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S. S. Zilitinkevich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1989,46(4):367-387
The logarithmic + polynomial approximation is suggested for vertical profiles of velocity components in a planetary boundary layer (PBL) at neutral and stable stratification. The resistance law functions A and B are determined on the basis of this approximation, using integral relations derived from the momentum equations, the Monin-Obukhov asymptotic formula for the wind profile in a stably stratified near-surface layer and the known expressions for the PBL depth. This result gives a realistic and convenient method for calculating the surface friction velocity and direction and the total dissipation rate of mean flow kinetic energy in terms of geostrophic velocity, buoyancy flux at the surface, the roughness parameter and the Coriolis parameter. In the course of these derivations a review is given of current views on the main problems of the neutral and stable PBL. 相似文献