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1.
边界层参数化对海南岛海风环流结构模拟的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用WRF V3.7详细分析了应用8种边界层参数化方案（YSU、MYNN2.5、MYNN3、ACM2、BouLac、UW、SH、GBM）所模拟的2014年5月25日海南岛海风环流结构的差异,其中YSU、ACM2和SH为非局地闭合方案,MYNN2.5、MYNN3、BouLac、UW和GBM为局地闭合方案。结果表明:对于海风环流水平结构的模拟,15时,YSU、ACM2、BouLac、UW和SH模拟的北部海风较强,SH和GBM的内陆风速偏大。温度与海风发展强度相对应,MYNN2.5与MYNN3模拟的岛屿温度偏低,海陆温差小,海风相对较弱。对于海风环流垂直结构的模拟,09时海风开始,但强度较小,且存在残余陆风,向内陆传播距离较短,YSU、MYNN2.5和SH方案的海风相对较强。12时,海风已呈现出较为清晰的环流结构,YSU和ACM2的海风厚度及向内陆传播距离相对强于其它方案,MYNN3的环流结构则不太明显,且向内陆推进距离短,海风相对较弱。15时,海风发展强盛,MYNN2.5和MYNN3方案模拟的海风垂直强度较小,ACM2方案的海风垂直环流特征最为明显。18时,海风的强度和扰动均有所减弱,ACM2、BouLac和UW的整体海风相对强于其它方案。21时海风已基本转为陆风,BouLac与UW的陆风环流结构最为清晰。位温、水汽及海风垂直环流强度的发展变化与海风的演变过程基本一致。造成ACM2模拟海风偏强的原因是其边界层垂直混合偏强,形成了足够的湍流混合强度所致。对于边界层高度的模拟,ACM2的边界层顶最高,这与此方案所模拟的海风强度偏大相吻合,其它方案的边界层高度与海风强度并不完全一致。 相似文献
2.
利用2005—2011年10次春季黄海海雾个例开展WRF模式参数化方案敏感性研究。结果表明:边界层方案对WRF模式雾区模拟结果起决定作用,而微物理方案影响较小,它主要影响海雾浓度和高度。边界层与微物理方案的最佳组合为YSU与Lin方案,最差为Mellor-Yamada与WSM5方案;Mellor-Yamada和QNSE方案模拟的近海面湍流过强,导致边界层过高,不利于海雾的发展与维持;而MYNN与YSU方案刻画的湍流强度与边界层高度合适,有利于海雾发展与维持。MYNN方案虽与YSU方案相当,但在大多数海雾个例中,后者明显优于前者,而在有些个例中却刚好相反。因此对于某一具体海雾个例而言,所用边界层方案仍需在它们之中选择最优者。这些信息可为黄海海雾WRF模式边界层与微物理方案的选择与改进提供参考。 相似文献
3.
基于中尺度数值模式WRF,对比分析了六种大气边界层物理过程参数化方案（BouLac、MYJ、UW、YSU、ACM2、SH）对台风“利奇马”模拟结果的影响。结果表明,不同边界层方案对“利奇马”路径的模拟结果影响较小,但对其强度和结构演变的模拟结果影响显著。其中,局地闭合方案UW方案模拟的结果最强,局地闭合方案BouLac次之,而局地闭合方案MYJ和三种非局地闭合方案YSU、ACM2和SH的模拟强度都较弱。这些方案中,BouLac模拟的海平面最低气压与实况最为接近。通过对比这些边界层方案的模拟结果发现,由于台风强度的差异受到热力和动力的共同影响,边界层方案如模拟得到的地表潜热通量和边界层中湍流扩散系数较大,将导致较大的径向风和低层辐合,从而模拟得到较强的台风强度;反之,则台风强度较弱。 相似文献
4.
Accurate forecasting of the intensity changes of hurricanes is an important yet challenging problem in numerical weather prediction. The rapid intensification of Hurricane Katrina(2005) before its landfall in the southern US is studied with the Advanced Research version of the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model. The sensitivity of numerical simulations to two popular planetary boundary layer(PBL) schemes, the Mellor–Yamada–Janjic(MYJ) and the Yonsei University(YSU) schemes, is investigated. It is found that, compared with the YSU simulation, the simulation with the MYJ scheme produces better track and intensity evolution, better vortex structure, and more accurate landfall time and location. Large discrepancies(e.g.,over 10 hPa in simulated minimum sea level pressure) are found between the two simulations during the rapid intensification period. Further diagnosis indicates that stronger surface fluxes and vertical mixing in the PBL from the simulation with the MYJ scheme lead to enhanced air–sea interaction, which helps generate more realistic simulations of the rapid intensification process. Overall, the results from this study suggest that improved representation of surface fluxes and vertical mixing in the PBL is essential for accurate prediction of hurricane intensity changes. 相似文献
5.
边界层参数化方案在“灰色区域”尺度下的适用性评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着数值预报模式分辨率的提高,当模式网格距与含能湍涡的长度尺度相当时,模式动力过程可解析一部分湍流运动,而剩余的湍流运动仍需参数化,此时便产生了湍流参数化的“灰色区域”问题。对传统的PBL（Planetary Boundary Layer）方案在“灰色区域”下的适用性评估,是改进PBL方案以使其能够适应分辨率变化的前提和基础。本研究基于干对流边界层的大涡模拟试验,比较了WRF（Weather Research and Forecast Model）模式中四种常用的边界层参数化方案[YSU（Yonsei University）、MYJ（Mellor-Yamada-Janjic）、MYNN2.5（Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino Level 2.5）、MYNN3）]在“灰色区域”尺度下的表现。研究表明,混合层内总热通量对所使用的参数化方案和水平分辨率均不敏感。不同参数化方案中次网格与网格通量的比例表现出对水平网格距不同的依赖性。局地PBL方案（MYJ、MYNN2.5）在混合层内的平均位温随网格距减小而增大,次网格通量随网格距减小而减小,较参考湍流场对次网格通量有所低估。YSU方案的非局地项几乎不随水平格距改变而变化,对次网格通量的表征并未表现出较强的分辨率依赖性,且过强的非局地次网格输送使混合层内温度层结呈弱稳定,抑制了可分辨湍流输送,不易于激发次级环流。MYNN3方案的非局地次网格通量（负梯度输送项）随网格距减小而减小,使其对次网格通量的表征具有较好的分辨率依赖性。PBL方案在“灰色区域”尺度下的适用性与具体分辨率有关。以分辨率500 m为例,四种PBL方案中不存在一种最佳方案,能对边界层的热力结构和湍流统计特征均有准确的描述。 相似文献
6.
In this study,an extreme rainfall event that occurred on 25 May 2018 over Shanghai and its nearby area was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model,with a focus on the effects of planetary boundary layer(PBL)physics using double nesting with large grid ratios(15:1 and 9:1).The sensitivity of the precipitation forecast was examined through three PBL schemes:the Yonsei University Scheme,the Mellor?Yamada?Nakanishi Niino Level 2.5(MYNN)scheme,and the Mellor?Yamada?Janjic scheme.The PBL effects on boundary layer structures,convective thermodynamic and large-scale forcings were investigated to explain the model differences in extreme rainfall distributions and hourly variations.The results indicated that in single coarser grids(15 km and 9 km),the extreme rainfall amount was largely underestimated with all three PBL schemes.In the inner 1-km grid,the underestimated intensity was improved;however,using the MYNN scheme for the 1-km grid domain with explicitly resolved convection and nested within the 9-km grid using the Kain?Fritsch cumulus scheme,significant advantages over the other PBL schemes are revealed in predicting the extreme rainfall distribution and the time of primary peak rainfall.MYNN,with the weakest vertical mixing,produced the shallowest and most humid inversion layer with the lowest lifting condensation level,but stronger wind fields and upward motions from the top of the boundary layer to upper levels.These factors all facilitate the development of deep convection and moisture transport for intense precipitation,and result in its most realistic prediction of the primary rainfall peak. 相似文献
7.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地大气边界层参数化方案的模拟评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙尘起沙、沉降、传输均受到沙漠地区大气边界层条件的制约。沙漠地区观测资料匮乏,限制大气边界层模拟效果的检验和评估。利用WRFV3.7.1中尺度数值模式中5种边界层参数化方案(ACM2、BL、MYJ、MYNN2.5、YSU),模拟2014年4月塔克拉玛干沙漠大气边界层特征,并与塔中80 m塔及风廓线雷达晴朗天气下的观测资料对比分析。结果表明:5种方案均能模拟出近地面气温及地表温度,边界层高度,感热、潜热、地表热通量的变化趋势,但未能模拟出边界层风速的日变化趋势,温风湿廓线能较好的反映晴日沙漠地区边界层结构的变化特征,但未模拟出风速随高度变化趋势。沙漠地区下垫面干燥,热容量低,晴天极易形成对流不稳定边界层,非局地湍流参数化方案,ACM2方案是沙漠地区大气边界层模拟较为合理的选择。 相似文献
8.
本文利用中尺度模式WRF（weather research and forecasting）模拟了2016年干季和湿季高黎贡山南段（腾冲—保山地区）山谷风环流,分析YSU、MYJ、MYNN3、ACM2和BouLac五种边界层参数化方案在高黎贡山复杂下垫面的适用性。研究结果表明YSU方案对温度模拟的效果最好;ACM2模拟的风速平均绝对误差最小;MYNN3方案模拟的风向绝对误差最小,YSU方案和MYJ方案模拟的风向日变化趋势与观测更加一致。高黎贡山南段地区上午09时（北京时,下同）出现谷风环流,夜间19时转为山风环流。白天多为偏南风,夜间为偏北风和偏西风。白天山顶气流辐合而山谷气流辐散,夜间相反。白天风速大于夜间。干季西风风力较弱,有利于低层局地环流的发展;而湿季受较强的偏东背景风影响时,局地环流的发展受到抑制,边界层高度也就低于干季。干季西风遇到高黎贡山,在西坡下沉并形成涡旋,西侧湍流混合充分,边界层高度高;湿季偏东风使高黎贡山西侧谷风减弱,腾冲与保山的边界层高度相差不大。 相似文献
9.
Summary A community mesoscale model is used to simulate and understand processes that led to the formation and intensification of
the near-equatorial typhoon Vamei that formed in the South China Sea in December, 2001. The simulated typhoon resembles the
observed in that it had a short lifetime and a small size, formed near the equator (south of 2° N), and reached category-one
intensity. The formation involved the interactions between the scales of the background cyclonic circulation (the Borneo Vortex
of order ∼100 km) and of mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs, in the order ∼10 km). Before tropical cyclone formation MCVs
formed along a convergent, horizontal shear vorticity line on the eastern edge of an exceptionally strong monsoonal northerly
wind surge.
The typhoon genesis is marked by three rapid intensification periods, which are associated with the rapid growth of potential
vorticity (PV). A vorticity budget analysis reveals that the increases in low-level vorticity during the rapid intensification
periods are attributed to enhanced horizontal vorticity fluxes into the storm core. The increase of the horizontal vorticity
flux is associated with the merging of areas of high PV associated with MCVs into the storm core as they are advected by background
cyclonic flows. The increases in PV at upper levels are associated with the evaporation of upper level stratiform precipitation
and increases of vertical potential temperature gradient below the maximum stratiform cloud layer. It appears that two key
sources of PV at upper and lower levels are crucial for the build up of high PV and a deepening of a cyclonic layer throughout
the troposphere. 相似文献
10.
应用WRF v4.0模式五种边界层参数化方案（YSU、MYJ、MYNN2、ACM2和SH）,对2016 年汛期（5～9月）在川渝盆地东部造成暴雨的所有西南涡过程进行了数值模拟,检验评估了它们对各量级降水的预报能力,并基于加密的L波段秒级探空资料对比分析了模拟与实况边界层结构的差异,结合各方案对湍流运动的算法特点探讨了其差异的原因,最后对ACM2方案进行了湍流强度调整,由此改善其对于川渝盆地边界层与西南涡降水的模拟能力。结果表明:ACM2和YSU方案TS评分表现较好,相对其它方案ACM2空报较少,这种可以根据周围环境的稳定性切换局地或非局地算法的方案更适合于盆地西南涡降水模拟,但边界层方案对西南涡降水的空报都较普遍,尤以大量级降水更明显;精细的探空资料进一步表明,所有方案模拟的白天边界层高度都偏高,湍流混合强度都偏强。通过参数调整而降低混合强度的ACM2方案,模拟的边界层温湿结构则更符合实际观测,其边界层下部温度更低、湿度更高,减少了大量级降水的空报,使盆地西南涡降水模拟有一定改善;边界层参数化方案对西南涡模拟的差别主要体现为不同的西南涡位置与降水强度,但归根到底都源于方案的局地或非局地特性、不同的混合强度这两方面原因。因此,根据不同特定区域下垫面环境与气候状况合理选择方案的特性和混合强度是准确模拟边界层结构及其降水过程的关键。 相似文献
11.
WRF模式对高影响浙江型台风微物理和边界层参数化方案的优化试验 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
选取近年来在浙江和福建登陆高影响浙江的9个西太平洋台风,利用WRF中尺度数值模式,选取多种微物理和边界层参数化方案,量化评估不同方案下的台风路径、强度和降水的模拟性能。结果表明,Kessler和SBU-YLin微物理方案对台风路径和强度模拟较好;而SBU-YLin在浙江降水上比Kessler评分相对更优、误差更小、相关性更佳,但其漏报率相对较高。MYNN2和BouLac边界层方案的最优台风路径和强度比例较高,而BouLac对浙江降水有更好的表现,其降水误差更小、相关性更好,且有更高的TS评分,特别是大雨以上量级或台风登陆前12 h。因此,SBU-YLin微物理和BouLac边界层方案相对更适合浙江台风模拟。此外,浙江沿海地区模拟雨量比实况偏少,且绝对误差较大,内陆反之;雨量误差与浙江地形有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
12.
利用WRF模式选用不同的边界层参数化方案 (YSU、MRF) 结合三种陆面过程方案 (RUC、SLAB、Noah) , 模拟了2011年5月1~3日的四川东部暴雨过程, 对不同参数化方案结合不同陆面过程结果进行对比试验基础上发现, 模式对24h降水落区及强度有较强预报能力, 但对单站小时降水分布的预报能力还需改进;不同边界层方案与陆面过程的对比试验说明降水对于边界层物理过程有一定敏感性, 各试验的差异主要体现在对暴雨中心雨强以及降水峰值强度和峰值出现时段的预报上;WRF模式基本上能够模拟出边界层要素日变化特征。 相似文献
13.
许多研究调查了模式预报对边界层方案的敏感性,但是这些研究基本上针对的是热力驱动的混合边界层。对于动力驱动的边界层,不同边界层方案的不同性能以及所带来的不同边界层气象要素的预报还不清楚。运用WRF3.4.1中三种边界参数化方案（YSU、MYJ、ACM2）对新疆2.28大风过程进行数值模拟分析,结果显示：三种边界参数化方案基本能模拟出发生大风的区域及大风过程中10m风速、2m温度和比湿的变化趋势;三种方案模拟的边界层内大气的温度、湿度出现差异与它们对边界层顶的夹卷过程、边界层内垂直混合的处理有关;YSU方案的模拟结果使得更多的高空动量下传,同时更多的有效位能转化为动能,MYJ方案模拟的20m/s的风场区域更大,受地形影响更明显,边界层内湍流更强。 相似文献
14.
An Analytical Study of the Diurnal Variations of Wind in a Semi-geostrophic Ekman Boundary Layer Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A time-dependent semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer model based on the geostrophic momentum approximation is used to study the diurnal wind variation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the evolution of the low-level nocturnal jet (LLJ). The coefficient of eddy viscosity varies periodically with time, varies linearly with height in the surface layer and is constant above the surface layer. The influence of horizontal advection of momentum on the diurnal wind variation in the PBL, the development of inertial oscillations (IOs) and the formation of the LLJ are examined.In comparison with the Ekman solutions, the diurnal wind variation in semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer dynamics has the following features: (1) the phase angle of the diurnal wind wave shifts with height, the rate of shifting is increased in anticyclonic regions and decreased in cyclonic regions, (2) the time of occurrence of the low-level maximum wind speed is later in anticyclonic regions and earlier in cyclonic regions, (3) the height of occurrence of the maximum wind speed is higher in the anticyclonic and lower in cyclonic regions, (4) the wind speed maximum and the amplitude of the diurnal wind variation are larger in anticyclonic and smaller in cyclonic regions, (5) the period of IOs is larger in anticyclonic regions and smaller in cyclonic regions, (6) anticyclonic vorticity is conducive to the generation of LLJ in the PBL. These features are interpreted by means of the physical properties of semi-geostrophic Ekman boundary-layer dynamics and inertial oscillation dynamics. 相似文献
15.
WRF模式对青藏高原那曲地区大气边界层模拟适用性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式4种边界层参数化方案对青藏高原那曲地区边界层特征进行了数值模拟,并利用"第三次青藏高原大气科学试验"在青藏高原那曲地区5个站点的观测资料对模拟结果进行验证,分析不同参数化方案在那曲地区的适用性。研究表明,YSU、MYJ、ACM2和BouLac方案对2 m气温和地表温度的模拟偏低。BouLac方案模拟的地表温度偏差较小。通过对能量平衡各分量的对比分析发现,温度模拟偏低可能是向下长波辐射模拟偏低以及感热通量和潜热通量交换过强导致的。对于边界层风、位温和相对湿度垂直结构的模拟,局地方案的模拟效果均优于非局地方案。BouLac方案对那曲地区近地层温度、边界层内位温和相对湿度的垂直分布模拟效果较好。 相似文献
16.
The boundary layer structure and related heavy rainfall of Typhoon Fitow(2013), which made landfall in Zhejiang Province, China, are studied using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, with a focus on the sensitivity of the simulation to the planetary boundary layer parameterization. Two groups of experiments—one with the same surface layer scheme and including the Yonsei University(YSU), Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino Level 2.5,and Bougeault and Lacarrere schemes; and the other with different surface layer schemes and including the Mellor–Yamada–Janjic′ and Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination schemes—are investigated. For the convenience of comparative analysis, the simulation with the YSU scheme is chosen as the control run because this scheme successfully reproduces the track, intensity and rainfall as a whole. The maximum deviations in the peak tangential and peak radial winds may account for 11% and 33%of those produced in the control run, respectively. Further diagnosis indicates that the vertical diffusivity is much larger in the first group, resulting in weaker vertical shear of the tangential and radial winds in the boundary layer and a deeper inflow layer therein. The precipitation discrepancies are related to the simulated track deflection and the differences in the simulated low-level convergent flow among all tests. Furthermore, the first group more efficiently transfers moisture and energy and produces a stronger ascending motion than the second, contributing to a deeper moist layer, stronger convection and greater precipitation. 相似文献
17.
18.
利用WRF模式对2017年6月9日重庆合川区一次局地暴雨过程开展对流可分辨尺度的模拟试验,比较三种边界层参数化方案对降水模拟的影响。结果表明,不同试验均能模拟出此次降水的主要分布特征,而不同边界层参数化方案能够显著影响降水落区和强度的模拟。MYJ方案对强降水的模拟最好,能较好地模拟出降水触发的时间和位置;其次为BouLac方案,触发时间偏晚约2 h,降水落区与MYJ方案相近;YSU方案模拟的降水分布偏差较大,降水触发的位置和落区偏北。湍流混合强度是造成落区模拟差异的主要原因,通过影响1.5 km高度以下风场分布改变造成此次局地强降水过程的西南涡位置,进而影响到降水的落区。基于YSU方案的湍流混合减弱试验证明了湍流混合强度与降水落区的关系。 相似文献
19.
Eun-Hee Lee Eunjung Lee Raeseol Park Young Cheol Kwon Song-You Hong 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2018,54(1):371-384
The impact of enhanced turbulent mixing induced by radiative cooling at the top of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) on numerical weather prediction is examined. An additional term involving top-down turbulent mixing via in-cloud radiative cooling is applied to the Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization scheme using a top-down diffusivity profile and cloud-top entrainment. The modified scheme is evaluated in an advection fog case over the Yellow Sea of Korea using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and in global medium-range forecasts using the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs). In the fog case simulation, consideration of the additional top-down mixing parameterization in the YSU PBL simulates less formation and more rapid dispersion of the fog. As a result, the modified scheme simulates a drier and warmer boundary layer and a moister and cooler layer above the PBL. The modified algorithm also improves surface temperature prediction over the Yellow Sea accompanying early dissipation of the fog. In the global medium-range forecast experiment, the modified scheme simulates overall enhanced PBL mixing over the STBL in the tropics and subtropical ocean, showing drier and warmer regions near the surface and moister and cooler regions above the PBL, resulting in prediction of reduced low level cloud amount and increased downward shortwave radiation at the surface. The modified scheme appears to improve systematic bias in temperature and humidity in the lower troposphere compared to the control simulation. 相似文献
20.
大气边界层湍流运动是地球大气运动最重要的能量输送过程之一.当数值模式分辨率接近活跃含能湍涡长度尺度时,湍流运动被部分解析,被称为"灰色区域",传统的边界层方案不适合此时模式湍流问题的描述.为了提高模式边界层方案在包括"灰色区域"的不同网格尺度上的描述能力,适应不同分辨率模式的需要,在雷诺平均湍流理论基础上,修正Mell... 相似文献