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1.
玉龙雪山西麓冰碛(水)砾岩的工程地质特性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
作为滇西北、川西和西藏地区最重要的第四纪堆积物类型之一,冰川堆积物的工程性质及其相关的地质灾害和工程问题研究日益受到工程界的关注。通过对上述地区大量冰碛物和冰水沉积物的现场调查发现,冰碛物和冰水沉积物是一类成分、结构和性质都十分复杂的第四纪堆积物,其工程性质主要与母岩成分和充填胶结物的矿物成分密切相关。发育在石灰岩地区的冰碛物和冰水沉积物因钙质（方解石）的次生胶结,而成为单轴抗压强度达10.94～14.22 MPa的岩石,作者称其为“冰碛（水）砾岩”。结合滇藏铁路滇西北段线路比选和优化工作,对云南玉龙雪山西麓第四纪冰川堆积物的类型和分布特征进行了详细的野外调查;在室内物理力学试验的基础上,着重研究了冰碛（水）砾岩的胶结物成分与胶结作用、水稳性、力学性质、声波速度等方面的特性,这不仅可以丰富现代岩石力学的研究内容,而且对本区铁路工程建设和水力资源的开发具有重要的实际价值。 相似文献
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东海内陆架陆源物质矿物组成对粒度和地球化学成分的制约 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过对东海内陆架EC2005孔柱状沉积物陆源矿物、粒度及地球化学成分分析, 尝试探讨三者之间的制约关系.该孔柱状沉积物主要矿物成分为粘土矿物、石英以及长石.石英和长石含量控制着平均粒径的大小.矿物含量与化学成分含量表现出较好的相关性, 体现了矿物对地球化学成分的控制.沉积物中各种矿物颗粒的大小差别造成了沉积物粒度的差异, 矿物间化学组分的不同是影响沉积物化学成分含量的主要因素, 其往往通过粒度组成间接地表现出来, 这就造成了“元素的粒度控制”表面现象, 实质上是矿物的种类和含量对粒度和地球化学成分起控制作用. 相似文献
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杭州湾北岸芦潮港潮滩沉积物磁性特征的年际变化及其粒度控制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对杭州湾北岸芦潮港潮滩2007-2010年固定点沉积物进行了逐月的磁性测量和粒度分析,探讨了磁性特征的月际、年际变化及其与粒度的关系。结果显示,2007-2009年,芦潮港潮滩沉积物的磁性特征呈现出相似的季节性变化特征,磁性参数χ、χARM、SIRM以及比值χARM/SIRM总体上在12月次年7至月表现为高值,8-11月为低值,S-300变化趋势与之相反。粒度分析显示,每年12月至次年7月沉积物粒度总体较细,8-11月较粗,这说明潮滩较细沉积物中含有较多的亚铁磁性矿物,与已报道的2004-2005年研究结果相似。相比前三年,2010年1-7月及12月沉积物磁性矿物含量相对下降,8-11月份磁性矿物含量相对上升,导致2010年磁性参数月际变化幅度减小。同时,2010年沉积物粒度月际变化特征也发生了改变,即1-7月及12月沉积物粒度变粗,8-11月沉积物变细。相关分析表明,磁性参数与粒度之间的关系在2007-2010年中没有发生明显的变化,说明2010年沉积物粒度月际变化模式的改变是磁性特征月际变化改变的主导因素。尽管如此,长江流域来沙下降对河口潮滩沉积物物源的可能影响,仍需予以长期关注。 相似文献
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青藏高原典型冰碛土的物理力学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在被称为世界屋脊的青藏高原,更新世全球冰河期发生了多次冰川作用,留下了大量冰川遗迹。作为冰川遗迹之一的冰碛土,属于特殊的工程岩土,具有成分复杂、结构混杂、物理力学性质变化大的特点,容易和坡积物、残积物等第四系堆积物混淆。在建的亚丁机场位于稻城海子山,场址地基土为稻城冰帽消融所形成的冰碛土,具有青藏高原冰碛土的典型性。为了掌握冰碛土的特殊物理力学性质,揭示其和冰川演化之间的关系,通过对亚丁机场场道地基的勘察,完成了典型冰碛土粒度成分分析、现场及室内物理力学性质测试,以及冰碛土ESR测年。研究表明,亚丁机场场址的冰碛土形成于375ka B.P. ; 由于大小混杂、颗粒级配良好(Cu=8.05,Cc=1.09),在后期多次冰川的压实作用下,表现出密度高、空隙比小、地基变形模量和承载力高的特性,平均前期固结压力达到290kPa,可作为高原重大工程的天然良好地基。 相似文献
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比重是物质的重要物性之一,是物质成分和结构的反映。不同矿物的比重可以相差若干倍,因而用以鉴定矿物的种类。在河流动力学有关基本原理和计算公式中,比重是一种重要的因素,在沉积岩石学中被视为沉积物的沉积三要素(粒度、比重和形状)之一。我们对滹沱河现代沉积物进行沉积构造、粒度、矿物成分和扫描电镜等项分析的同时,对沉积物的比重作了一些分析,探讨了沉积物的比重在河流沉积体系中的变化情况。 相似文献
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南极长城站区松散沉积物的粒度特征及环境意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
南极长城站区地表松散沉积物按成因分为冰碛、冰缘沉积、冲积、湖积和海岸沉积。对其部分沉积的３．５２ｍｍ以下粒度分析表明，其粒度特征有明显的差别，能很好地反映其形成过程和环境特征。按冰缘沉积、冰碛、冲积和海岸沉积的次序，其粒度组成中砂粒级的含量增加，粉砂和粘土的含量减少；分选性由分选差变为分选较差和分选好；平均粒径分别落在极细砂、细砂、中砂和粗砂粒级；偏度由极正偏变为近对称。粒度参数散点图中各种沉积物的分布有明显的区别。粒度频率曲线的差别能很好地反映沉积物各自的形成过程特点。而冲积和海岸沉积服从正态概率分布，其累积图表现为直线形；冰缘沉积和冰碛服从罗辛概率分布，在累积图中表现为直线形 相似文献
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本文对现代南极纳尔逊冰帽边缘的冰前沉积物结构和地球化学特征进行了详细研究。冰前沉积物的粒度分布具有冰川成因沉积物的典型特征 ,显著不同于风成和湖泊沉积物。另外 ,冰前沉积物的粒度分布是分形的 ,其分形维值大约为 2 .9,该值可以作为粒度分布的另外一个统计参数。因为矿物分离和冰川作用过程的影响 ,冰前沉积物的绝对元素含量之间的相关性很差 ,但不同元素与 Rb的比值具有显著的统计相关性 ,这说明元素与 Rb比值降低或消除了沉积物形成过程中来自于冰川作用对元素地球化学变化所造成的影响 ,这对于处理冰前沉积物的地球化学数据和… 相似文献
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冰碛石的形态和表面特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沉积物中砾石的各种形态参数(磨圆度、球度和扁平度)及表面特征对研究搬运介质和沉积过程是很有用的。有些作者的工作表明,冰碛中的砾石随搬运距离的增加,其磨圆度和球度的提高是明显的;还有人用A.Cailleux的计算磨圆度的公式(2R/a×100)成功地揭示了冰碛、冰水沉积、冰川接触沉积和融冻泥流沉积之间的 相似文献
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针对取样于太平洋的深海富稀土沉积物,采用激光粒度分析仪、液塑限联合测定仪对其常规的物理性能开展研究,并通过X射线衍射法和扫描电镜法分析其矿物成分以及微观结构。结果表明,深海富稀土沉积物具有高液限、高塑性,矿物成分主要由石英、方解石、石盐、长石、云母等原生矿物和次生矿物绿石等组成,显微结构主要由链接结构和蜂窝状的片状结构组成。针对深海富稀土沉积物这种具有流动性的超软土,采用RST流变仪开展具有不同温度与不同含水率的沉积物流变试验,并基于试验结果分析了不排水剪切强度、屈服应力、表观黏度与温度和含水率之间的关系,引入Herschel-Bulkley模型对流变参数进行探讨,通过液相转化与粒际作用理论,解释了深海富稀土沉积物的流变特征。结果表明,含水率和温度对沉积物的剪切应力与表观黏度有显著影响,与常温条件下相比,在低温环境下沉积物的剪切应力与表观黏度显著提高,表观黏度以及屈服应力随着沉积物的含水率的增加而下降。这一成果可为深海富稀土沉积物进行流态化运输提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
18.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献