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1.
辽河西部凹陷古潜山原油及其源岩的分子碳同位素地球化学 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以辽河西部凹陷潜山带原油及其源岩为例,系统研究了正构烷烃、异戊二烯烷烃、异构与反异构及藿烷系列化合物的碳同位素组成与分布特征,探讨了其相互关系及生源-环境因素的影响。各系列化合物的分子碳同位素组成的变化具有较好的相关性,反映了沉积体系中生源-环境因素的系统变化。应用各系列分子碳同位素组成相关分析有效地区分了不同潜山带原油的油源差异。原油正构烷烃较异戊二烯烷烃碳同位素偏正0.5‰～5.0‰、姥鲛烷较植烷偏正0.4‰～1.4‰,指示了甲烷生成菌对植烷的重要贡献;C21 长链异戊二烯烷烃较植烷系列碳同位素偏正0.5‰～2.0‰,表明其生源存在差异。异构及反异构烷烃与其他系列化合物碳同位素的对比显示了蓝细菌对这类化合物的重要贡献。C31 藿烷较C30藿烷富集13C达10‰～12‰,指示其生源不同,13C强烈损耗型C30藿烷(-61.2‰～-51.8‰)主要衍生于嗜甲烷菌,它们生存于Es4期强烈分层水体中的缺氧/有氧界面。Es3油源油中正构烷烃碳同位素特别偏正,且异构、反异构烷烃及藿烷碳同位素都明显偏正,综合反映了蓝细菌的重要贡献,而干酪根碳同位素明显偏正及4-甲基甾烷相对富集指示了沟鞭藻对沉积有机质的重要贡献。 相似文献
2.
不同纬度地区植物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用GC-MS和GC-TC-IRMS同位素分析技术,对我国北部柴达木盆地花土沟至南部广西南宁5个地区草、芦苇和树叶3类植物中正构烷烃及其碳氢同位素进行了分析.结果显示了不同纬度地区植物中正构烷烃碳数分布在C15～C30之间,呈单峰型分布,主峰碳数为C27、C29和C31;CPI值分布在3.49～17.25之间,平均值是草＜芦苇＜树叶;ACL值为26.24～30.26,平均值是草＞芦苇＞树叶.研究发现,随着植物生长地区纬度的增高和年平均气温的降低,植物中正构烷烃主峰碳数、CPI值、ACL值都降低,并且纬度每增加1.,草、芦苇和树叶中ACL值分别减少0.08、0.22和0.36;气温每增加1℃,草、芦苇和树叶中ACL值分别增加0.04、0.24和0.20.研究样品中C27和C29正构烷烃的δ13C值分布在-25.3‰～-35.5‰之间,草具有相对轻的碳同位素组成;C27和C29正构烷烃碳同位素组成与环境因子(如纬度和温度)之间的相关性,在这次研究中没有观察到.样品中C27和C29正构烷烃δD值分布在-132.1‰～-192.6‰之间,草具有相对轻的氢同位素组成.随着纬度增加和气温降低,草和树叶中C27和C29正构烷烃富集轻同位素.因此,可以应用草、芦苇和树叶中正构烷烃主峰碳数、CPI值和ACL值以及草、树叶中C27、C29正构烷烃δD值指示环境特征. 相似文献
3.
叶蜡正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成已经成为陆相沉积古生态重建的重要研究方法。现代过程研究是提升叶蜡正构烷烃指标解译的重要环节,而目前关于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素组成(δ13Calk)的季节性变化研究还比较有限。本文对两种典型亚热带落叶乔木（小叶栎、枫香）开展了为期2年的叶蜡烷烃δ13Calk研究。两个树种叶蜡烷烃的δ13Calk值在春季偏正,随后迅速偏负,秋季变幅较小,趋于稳定。这种季节性变化特征和初期利用储存的老碳而后期利用新合成的糖类有关。在生长季末期,两种落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃相对于叶片的碳同位素分馏系数处于-6‰～-8‰,相对于文献报道的平均值偏负,这可能是因为生长季后期仍有少量的长链正构烷烃合成。研究结果揭示,基于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素进行古环境重建时需要考虑环境信号的季节性。 相似文献
4.
吐哈盆地煤成油的同位素地球化学证据 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
分析了吐哈盆地原油和下侏罗统煤系源岩全烃、族组分和正构烷烃分子碳同位素 ,并与国内外已知煤成油进行了对比研究 ,旨在为吐哈盆地煤成油提供同位素地球化学证据。研究表明 :吐哈盆地原油 δ13C分布于 - 2 5.1‰～ - 2 7.8‰之间 ,平均值 - 2 6.6‰ ( 4 7) ;与中下侏罗统煤系源岩氯仿沥青“A”δ13C分布范围和平均值基本一致 ;与国内外已知煤成油 δ13C可以对比 ;原油 δ13C饱 分布于 - 2 5.2‰～ - 2 8.2‰之间 ,平均值 - 2 6.9‰ ( 2 8) ;δ13C芳 位于 - 2 4 .7‰～ - 2 7.1‰范围 ,平均值在- 2 5.9‰ ( 2 7) ;δ13C非 的分布范围为 - 2 5.1‰～ - 2 7.3‰ ,平均值 - 2 6.3‰ ( 2 6) ;δ13C沥 分布在- 2 5.2‰～ - 2 8.1‰范围 ,平均值 - 2 6.9‰ ( 2 1) ;与氯仿沥青“A”族组分 δ13C的分布范围与平均值基本相似 ;与我国已知煤成油 δ13C饱 和 δ13C芳 的分布范围和平均值也类似 ;原油正构烷烃分子碳同位素具有随碳数增大而变轻的特征 ;C7～ C2 7正构烷烃δ13C大致分布于 - 2 2‰至 - 32‰之间 ;氯仿沥青“A”正构烷烃分子碳同位素基本落在原油正构烷烃分子碳同位素的分布范围内 ;与我国已知煤成油类似 ,因此 ,吐哈盆地原油确系煤成油 相似文献
5.
青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖泊。本文应用GC-MS和GC-TC-IRMS同位素分析技术,对青海湖水生生物和周围地区陆生生物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素进行了分析,研究了生物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成。结果显示了不同生物中正构烷烃碳数分布范围在C1 5~C33之间,呈单峰型分布;主峰碳数是水生生物(除海韭菜外)相对较低,主要为C23和C25,陆生木本植物次之,为C27;陆生草本植物较高,为C27和C29;CPI值分布在4.0~29.7之间;ACL值为26.0~29.6,分布与植物类型有关。青海湖水生生物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成分布在-209.8‰~-85.6‰之间,平均值为-169.2‰~-121.2‰;陆生植物的正构烷烃δD值为-196.7‰~-84.3‰之间,平均值为-173.0‰~-108.6‰。青海湖不同水生生物和不同陆生生物之间的正构烷烃氢同位素组成差别显著。研究发现,湖泊的含盐量对水生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素具有显著影响,环境湿度和降水量明显影响了陆生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素组成;植物的正构烷烃平均氢同位素组成随着其ACL值增加,具有变轻的趋势;不同种类植物的正构烷烃合成期间具有不同的氢同位素分馏效应,与陆生植物相比较,水生植物的正构烷烃相对于环境水更富集轻氢同位素,并且随着ACL值增加,环境水和正构烷烃之间的氢同位素分馏增大。 相似文献
6.
应用气相色谱-气体同位素质谱(GC-C-IRMS)分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素之前,需要对饱和烃样品中正构烷烃和异构烷烃进行预分离、富集,在预分离和富集过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏是高精度分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值(δ~(13)C)的关键。本文以正构烷烃混合溶液为对象,利用柱色谱、5■分子筛络合、环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂两次洗脱,GC-C-IRMS分析正构烷烃单体碳同位素,研究前处理过程中正构烷烃单体碳同位素是否发生分馏。结果表明:使用柱色谱分离前后,多数正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.2‰;当5■分子筛不完全络合时,未络合的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值偏重约0.7‰,可能发生了微弱的碳同位素分馏,但并未影响洗脱后的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值;使用环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂洗脱前后,碳同位素比值相差-0.2‰～0.5‰,以同样方式洗脱第二次,获得的正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值与模拟样品相差-0.3‰～0.2‰。分析不同回收率(20%)正构烷烃的单体碳同位素比值,处理前后的差值基本在0.3‰以内,可见当正构烷烃回收率低至20%左右时,其单体碳同位素仍未发生明显分馏。柱色谱分离-5■分子筛络合-混合溶剂洗脱方法适用于回收率大于20%的正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。 相似文献
7.
《地球化学》2015,(4)
本研究对松科一井嫩江组一和二段(K2n1和K2n2)岩芯样品进行了有机碳稳定同位素和单体烃分子碳同位素分析,结合其他地球化学参数探讨了沉积环境与母质生物之间的关系。正构烷烃碳同位素在–35.7‰~–28.7‰之间变化,显示了各链长正构烷烃具有不同的母质生源。其中,中链正构烷烃(MCA)碳同位素明显贫13C,偏轻达5‰,可能与其先体母质部分地利用了有机质降解的贫13C的CO2有关。嫩江组藿烷碳同位素(δ13Chopane)处于–32.00‰~–68.65‰之间,在嫩一段下部的δ13Chopane偏轻达到–68.65‰,表明该时期存在甲烷营养菌。在嫩一段δ13CGa较重、δ13Chopane显著偏轻的层段与水体分层、间歇性透光带缺氧相对应,反映了该时期的化跃层界面较浅,缺氧层上升到了透光带,这种极端的水体环境有利于沉积有机质的保存,造成了该层段高TOC、高HI的富有机质烃源岩的形成;而在嫩二段伽马蜡烷缺失、δ13Chopane较重时,则反映了水体的化跃层界面较深,环境相对较为氧化,有机质保存条件变差,导致了该段TOC和HI相对较低。由此可见,水体化跃层界面的深浅不仅控制了湖泊沉积有机质的丰度,还影响了水体中微生物的发育,在化跃层较浅的层段,嗜甲烷菌、化学自养菌发育,而在化跃层较深的层段,水体中以化学自养菌为主。另外,δ13CGa和δ13C4-甲基甾烷与水体盐度呈正相关关系,水体盐度越高,其碳同位素值越重。 相似文献
8.
从湛江湖光岩玛珥湖沿岸随机采集主要的草本和木本植物,分析其叶蜡正构烷烃分布特征及单体H同位素(δ2H)。结果表明,湖光岩玛珥湖沿岸植物叶蜡正构烷烃主要由长链烷烃(n-C29～n-C31)组成,具有明显的奇偶优势;平均碳链长度(ACL值)与碳优势指数(CPI值)呈负相关关系;不同种类植物之间的正构烷烃δ2H值差异明显,木本植物正构烷烃的δ2H值(-247‰～-107‰)比草本植物(-222‰～-94‰)低,可能与它们的内在特性和所利用的土壤水深度有关。通过对比不同生境下低、中、高纬度地区湖泊沿岸植物叶蜡正构烷烃δ2H值发现,低纬度热带、亚热带地区的植物叶蜡正构烷烃具有更长的链长和更高的δ2H值,但植物与降水之间的δ2H分馏值随纬度变化相对恒定(约-120‰),说明湖泊生境沉积叶蜡正构烷烃单体δ2H值是具有较大潜力的古水文代用指标。 相似文献
9.
为认识低纬度亚热带地区湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成特征及其与母源输入和生态环境的关系,本文利用气相色谱-高温热转变-同位素比值质谱议(GC-TC-IRMS),对系统采集的抚仙湖沉积物样品中正构烷烃氢同位素进行了测定。抚仙湖沉积正构烷烃δD值分布在-219.3‰~-142.5‰之间,样品中平均值为-208.1‰~-154.5‰,并且奇碳数正构烷烃δD值明显地将样品划分为两种类型。类型Ⅰ样品中正构烷烃平均δD值明显地高于类型Ⅱ样品,反映了它们生物源存在明显差别。沉积物与水生植物和陆生植物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成对比结果指示了沉积C_(17)、C_(21)~C_(25)奇碳数正构烷烃来自水生植物,C_(27)和C_(29)奇碳数正构烷烃主要来自木本植物,C31和C33正构烷烃来自水生和陆生草本植物的混合。对比研究结果表明,湖泊地区生态环境是控制湖泊沉积正构烷烃氢同位素组成的重要因素之一,在利用沉积正构烷烃氢同位素研究古水文学特征时,还要考虑研究区古生态环境对沉积正构烷烃氢同位素的影响,并且结合沉积正构烷烃ACL值和Qw值,才能对沉积有机质中正构烷烃氢同位素组成及变化作出合理的解释。 相似文献
10.
柴达木盆地原油单体正构烷烃碳同位素研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用GC—C—MS技术测定柴达木盆地原油单体正构烷烃碳同位素组成，研究它们的碳同位素组成特征和分布型式，以探究原油的戍因。测试结果表明：柴迭木盆地西部原油的单体正构烷烃碳同位素组成较重，分布在-23．7‰、～-28．5‰之间，分子碳同位素分布曲线呈波浪式，反映原油来自超咸水—咸水的盐湖相沉积环境。柴达木盆地北部原油的单体正构烷烃碳同位素组成为-25．3‰、～-33．4‰，分子碳同位素分布曲线呈U型和波浪式两种型式，根据单体正构烷烃的碳同位素组成和分布型式特征，认为柴迭木盆地北部原油属于煤成油和湖相偏腐泥型、混合型母质成因。 相似文献
11.
Certain features of the distributions of sedimentary 4-methyl steroid hydrocarbons have been investigated: (i) competitive dehydration experiments with stanols adsorbed on a shale suggests a possible explanation for the low abundance of 4-methyl sterenes relative to their desmethyl counterparts in immature sediments, (ii) a 4-methyl spirostene which is a minor product of the backbone rearrangement of 4-methylcholest-4-ene in the laboratory has been tentatively assigned; its presence in a Toarcian black shale with a second isomer provides further evidence that the sedimentary backbone rearrangement of 4-methyl sterenes is analogous to that of their desmethyl counterparts and (iii) the major C30 4-methyl steranes in Semécourt shale (Toarcian, Paris Basin) differ from those in an Eocene lacustrine shale from China; this indicates the potential complexity of C30 steroidal alkanes (both 4-methyl and desmethyl) which can occur in sedimentary organic matter and shows that care must be taken in using m/z 217 mass chromatograms alone for routine input and maturity assessment using steroidal alkanes. 相似文献
12.
Sebastiaan W. Rampen Stefan Schouten Ellen C. Hopmans Ben Abbas Anna A.M. Noordeloos Jan A.J. Geenevasen J. Michael Moldowan Peter Denisevich Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(2):219-228
23-Methyl sterols have been reported to be synthesized by a few marine algae, but unambiguous identification of 23-methyl steroids in sediments and petroleum is lacking. We report the presence of 23-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol in 14 out of 106 diatom cultures, thereby showing that diatoms, together with dinoflagellates, may be an important environmental source for such steroids. Synthesis of authentic 23-methylcholestanes showed that their mass spectra are identical to those of 24-methylcholestanes, but that they elute earlier on apolar stationary phases during gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Co-injection of the authentic standards with sediment extracts revealed the presence of these compounds in the Skole unit of the Oligocene Menelite Formation, the Miocene Monterey Formation and the Messinian Vena del Gesso Formation. In addition, we tentatively identified 23,24-dimethyl-27-norcholestanes in some of these sediments. Molecular clock calculations suggest that diatoms are a possible source for 23-methyl steroids in sediments and petroleum from the late Jurassic onwards. 相似文献
13.
S. Yousaf M. Anam N. Ali 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(7):1439-1450
The role of endogenous redox mediators has considerable importance in electron shuttling reactions and associated performance of microbial fuel cell. Single-chamber microbial fuel cell-II with dual air-cathode assembly (area = 18.84 cm2) supported highest bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) density (6.7 × 109) and active biomass [4.4 ± 0.3 mg cm?2 (carbon content = 0.48 ± 0.1 mg cm?2)] on anode thereby resulting in maximum production of redox metabolite, 5-methyl 1, hydroxy phenazine (301 ppm) and voltage (595 ± 5 mV) than similar cells with relatively less surface area of cathode. It was further revealed that 5-methyl 1, hydroxy phenazine production was positively correlated with chemical oxygen demand removal rate (77 ± 2.5%) and power generation (66.6 ± 2.2 mW cm?2) efficiency of single-chamber microbial fuel cell-II. Maximum power density of 258 ± 4.5 mW cm?2 was generated when reactor was supplemented with 2 ml crude extract of 5-methyl 1, hydroxy phenazine metabolite, whereas power output was about 229 ± 2.5 mW cm?2 when reactor was bio-stimulated with 1 ml pure extract of 5-methyl 1, hydroxy phenazine. With this concentration, the electrochemical response of mixed culture biofilm (sediment) was enhanced by 99.3%. However, further increase in concentration of endogenous mediator proved to be limiting on reactor performance. Pyrosequencing and phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated both culturable and unculturable bacterial species in anodic biofilm and relative abundance of family Pseudomonadaceae was found to be maximum, i.e., 61.7% followed by Rhodocyclaceae 19.2%, Xanthomonadaceae 6.3% and Opitutaceae 3.18%. 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):526-533
The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al2O3 and SiO2, a lack of H2O, and a sharp predominance of Fe+2 over Fe+3. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies. 相似文献
15.
RS和GIS技术集成及其应用 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
何庆成 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(2):44-46
本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所 相似文献
16.
Partition of Fe2+ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO3 pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe2+ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe2+ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe2+ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology. 相似文献
17.
为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
18.
为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。 相似文献
19.
Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JU Yiwen LU Shuangfang SUN Yan TAN Fengqi WANG Guochang HAN Ku BAO Yuan LI Qingguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z1):192-193
<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for 相似文献