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1.
分析了中国水资源的特点、缺水现状以及造成缺水的原因，提出了通过控制城市用水需求增长，达到以有限的水资源维持可持续发展的目的，着重结合青岛实际论述了控制城市用水需求增长的具体措施。 相似文献
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The subsurface current of the Japan Sea was observed by two Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) floats. One
float, having a 20-day cycle, was deployed on 29 July 1995 in the eastern Japan Basin and drifted in the northeastern part
of the basin until 15 September 2000. The other float, with a 10-day cycle, was deployed on 4 August 1995 in the western Japan
Basin and drifted in the western Japan Basin, in the Yamato Basin and around the Yamato Rise until it reached its life limit
in mid-May 2000. An anticlockwise circulation in the eastern Japan Basin was observed and it was assumed to be in the upper
portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water (UJSPW) or in the intermediate water. The spatial scale of the circulation increased
as the depth decreased. A clockwise circulation was observed around the Yamato Rise in the UJSPW. Smaller clockwise and anticlockwise
rotations were observed in the western Japan Sea, where a seasonal variation was seen in drift speed with different phase
by depth. The correlation coefficient between drift speeds of two floats indicated little coherence among the subsurface circulation
between the east and the west of the Japan Basin, or between the north and the south of the subpolar front.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Masachika Masujima Ichiro Yasuda Yutaka Hiroe Tomowo Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):855-869
Oyashio water flowing into the Mixed Water Region (MWR) and the Kuroshio Extension region that forms North Pacific Intermediate
Water (NPIW) has been examined, based on four Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler (CTD)/Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler (L-ADCP) surveys of water masses and ocean currents. There are two processes by which the Oyashio water intrudes
across the Subarctic Front (SAF): one is a direct cross-nearshore-SAF transport near Hokkaido along the western boundary,
and the other is a cross-offshore-SAF process. Seasonal variations were observed in the former process, and the transport
of the Oyashio water across SAF near Hokkaido in the density range of 26.6–27.4σθ was 5–10 Sv in spring 1998 and 2001, and 0–4 Sv in autumn 2000, mainly corresponding to the change of the southwestward Oyashio
transport. Through the latter process, 5–6 Sv of the Oyashio water was entrained across the offshore SAF from south of Hokkaido
to 150° in both spring 2001 and autumn 2000. The total cross-SAF Oyashio water transport contributing to NPIW formation is
more than 10 Sv, which is larger than previously reported values. Most of the Oyashio water formed through the former process
was transported southeastward through the Kuroshio Extension. It is suggested that the Oyashio intrusion via the latter process
feeds NPIW in the northern part of the MWR, mainly along the Subarctic Boundary and SAF.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
本文根据日本气象厅在台湾以北获得的调查资料及近几年国家海洋局在该海域获得的调查资料,结合卫星图片,分析了夏季和冬季台湾以北海域陆架水与黑潮水的混合与交换过程以及涡旋在水交换过程中所起的作用。结果表明,夏季陆架水从表层向外海方向扩展,与黑潮水进行混合与交换;在陆架底部,黑潮次表层水涌升陆架后与陆架底层水进行混合。冬季由于黑潮表层水大举入侵陆架,低温的陆架水只能沿陆架向南流动,并在台湾西北部转向东沿台湾北岸向东流动,该海域存在的涡旋就象一个旋转泵,在陆架水与黑潮水的混合与交换过程中起了重要的作用。最后,文中还对陆架水与黑潮水的交换量进行了估算。 相似文献
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水质扩散系数在伶仃洋水域水体交换中的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取珠江河口伶仃洋水域为例,建立了贴体曲线坐标系下的二维珠江河口水流数学模型,并采用纯隐格式的混合有限分析法对数学模型进行了离散和求解。在对模型验证的基础上,针对珠江河口伶仃洋水域中的水质扩散系数选取问题进行了分析和探讨。研究表明,主潮汐通道水体的置换率基本不受扩散系数取值的影响,扩散系数的影响主要体现在远离伶仃洋主潮汐通道和示踪剂浓度分界线的水域,并初步推荐了该水域示踪剂扩散系数的取值范围。 相似文献
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俄罗斯科学院海洋研究所实验室对大西洋表层水中悬浮物的物质成分及其在水中的定量分布进行了测定,以确定不同来源悬浮物的份额.研究材料来自2001-2005年间7个春季和秋季的科研船航次勘探.此外,还采集了大气中的悬浮体,作为开放性海洋中物质来源之一. 相似文献
9.
Hydrographic data collected from Gulf of Aden since 1920 have been compiled to identify and refine the definitions of water
masses in the Gulf of Aden (GA) and to describe their spatio-temporal variability. Four water masses have been identified
based on their θ-S characteristics. The Red Sea Water (RSW) that flows from the Red Sea is the most prominent water in the GA; this occupies
about 37% of the total volume of Gulf of Aden. The Gulf of Aden Surface Water (∼3%) forms as a mixture of local water and
the water from western Arabian Sea during winter and Red Sea surface water during summer. The intermediate water, identified
as Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW), occupies about 9% of the total volume of GA; a characteristic salinity minimum
is associated with it at σθ=26.50 kg m−3. The northward spread of sub-tropical subsurface water from the south appears to be the major source of GAIW. The bottom
water, named Gulf of Aden Bottom Water, showed the least variability. It was formed due to the mixing of Red Sea Water and
water of southern origin. Mixing triangles have been used to analyze the composition of water in the GA. 相似文献
10.
文章以山东省警戒潮位核定为基础,对其沿岸验潮站的实测数据情况进行分类;根据不同类别,分别采用相关分析、数值模拟等方法补充实测数据,获得年极值水位序列,并采用极值Ⅰ型方法计算重现期高潮位。在警戒潮位核定中建立年极值水位序列所使用方法的顺序是,有实测数据优先采用实测数据、没有实测数据利用相关关系、没有相关关系再使用数值模拟和调和分析的方法进行。值得注意的是,在使用相关关系建立年极值水位序列中,计算重现期高潮位时一定要满足潮汐性质相同、所受风暴潮过程相似等条件;在使用数值模拟建立年极值水位序列中,须与其全年天文潮最大值进行对比。 相似文献
11.
In order to understand the actual formation process of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), structure of subsurface intrusions of the Oyashio water and the mixing of the Oyashio and the Kuroshio waters in and around the Kuroshio Extension (KE) were examined on the basis of a synoptic CTD observation carried out in May-June 1992. The fresh Oyashio water in the south of Hokkaido was transported into KE region through the Mixed Water Region (MWR) in the form of subsurface intrusions along two main paths. The one was along the east coast of northern Japan through the First Branch of the Oyashio (FBO) and the other along the eastern face of a warm streamer which connected KE with a warm core ring through the Second Branch of the Oyashio (SBO). The fresh Oyashio water extended southward through FBO strongly mixed with the saline NPIW transported by the Kuroshio in the south of Japan (old NPIW) in and around the warm streamer. On the other hand, the one through SBO well preserved its original properties and extended eastward beyond 150°E along KE with a form of rather narrow band. The intrusion ejected Oyashio water lens with a diameter of 50–60 km southward across KE axis and split northward into the MWR involved in the interaction of KE and a warm core ring, which were supposed to be primary processes of new NPIW formation. 相似文献
12.
水尺与压力式水位计数据关系的算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对海道测量中在同一验潮点人工水尺与压力式水位计同步水位观测所得不同的潮位数据,分别绘制潮位曲线,从两条相关的曲线数据中应用三次样条和拟合数学函数模型,利用计算机程序确定曲线间的线性关系,从而根据压力式水位计测得的数据确定的关系得出真实的潮位数据。 相似文献
13.
叙述了目前海水现场水色测量的弊端 ,指出数字化海洋水色的潜在应用价值 ;根据色度学及色度学的三原色基本理论 ,确定海洋现场水色的色度要素 ,使海洋现场水色标号统一为物理学中严格的颜色物理量。结合 1 996年渤海水域光谱反射测量 ,对渤海水域 4个典型站位的反射光谱做了水色色度分析 ,并进行了 2种测量方法的比较 相似文献
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ＯｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｓｕｓｈｉｍａＷａｒｍＣｕｒｒｅｎｔＷａｔｅｒ￥ＴａｎｇＹｕｘｉａｎｇａｎｄＨｅｕｎｇ－ＪａｅＬｉｅ（ＦｉｒｓｔｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅＯｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ，Ｑ... 相似文献
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Water fluxes through the Barents Sea 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
17.
以厦门嵩屿电厂4×300 MW机组烟气海水脱硫工程为例,运用数学模型,分析预测燃煤电厂烟气海水脱硫工艺排水对海域水质的影响。模拟结束表明,海水脱硫工艺排水对周围海域水质的影响较小。 相似文献
18.
Using our data from special observation in the source area of the Taiwan Warm Current from 19S2 to 1985) and historical data, the authors conducted studies to clarify the temperature and salinity characteristics, variability, and origin of the Taiwan Warm Current Water, and its influence on the expanding direction of the Changjiang Diluted Water.The main results of these studies are briefly given below. (1) The Taiwan Warm Current Water can be divided into two parts:the Surface Water of the Taiwan Warm Current and the Deep Water of the Taiwan Warm Current; the former is formed due to the mixing of the Kuroshio Surface Water flowing northward along the east coast of Taiwan with the Taiwan Strait Water; the latter completed originates from Kuroshio Subsurface Water to the east of Taiwan. It is characterized by lower temperature and higher salinity in summer and the characteristics of temperature and salinity are more stable. The maximum seasonal variational range and maximum secular variational range of t 相似文献
19.
普里兹湾附近绕极深层水和底层水及其运动特征 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
利用中国第15次南极科学考察科学考察队的CTD全深度观测资料(1998年11月至1999年2月),分析并讨论了普里兹湾以北的南大洋海域内,绕极深层水(CDW)和南极底层水(AABW)的物理特性及其空间分布.同时还与历史上其他学者的发现进行了比较.指出了在研究海域内,CDW在100～2000m之间从北向南扩展,其高温核(t>1.2℃)和高盐核(S>34.7)在75°E断面上最为深厚,向南扩展得最远;而AABW则在2500m以深由陆坡底部向北扩展,σθ>27.875的高密度水体在70°E断面上最为深厚,向北扩展得最远.此外还通过实测的CTD资料证实了CDW和AABW的经向环流特征,以及它们与迪肯流环(Deaconcell)、亚极地流环和深层流环的一致性. 相似文献
20.
The chemical quality of the Waiohewa stream, Rotorua, was assessed from the results of 2 longitudinal surveys in summer 1978–79. In particular, changes in nitrogen concentration were examined. The quantity of ammonia increased downstream from unmonitored geothermal inputs, but, after dilution and neutralisation by a larger inflow of freshwater, considerable proportions of ammonia were converted to nitrate. In the first survey ammonia concentrations decreased from 4.48 to 2.47 g m‐3 and nitrate concentrations increased from 0.59 to 1.13 g ‐3 in a 3‐km stretch of the stream. Mass flow calculations show that nitrification could account for at least 55% of the ammonia decrease, the rest probably being lost through assimilation or denitrification. Laboratory incubation experiments showed that nitrification occurred in the stream bed. The geothermal waters contained low concentrations of boron (1.1–4.0 g m‐3), filterable mercury (0.1–0.8 mg m‐3) and arsenic (10–14 mg m‐3). 相似文献