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1.
大气对外强迫低频遥响应的数值模拟 II:对欧亚中高纬“寒潮”异常的响应 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
本文通过用IAP GCM所作的数值模拟研究了欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的外强迫在全球大气中激发的响应.结果清楚表明,同赤道地区的热源强迫一样,中高纬度地区的外强迫也可以在全球大气中产生低频遥响应;通过低频波列EAP,欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的寒潮异常可以对赤道中西太平洋地区的大气运动及全球大气环流有重要影响.对30—60天振荡的强迫激发来讲,地球大气的气候基本态是极为重要的,热带大气对于全球大气的低频振荡活动具有尤为突出的作用. 相似文献
2.
Zhang Qin Ni Yunqi Lin Wuyin Wang Zhaomin D. D. Houghton 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(4):411-425
In this paper, five-year simulated data from a low-resolution global spectral model with triangular trunca-lion at wavenumber 10 are analyzed in order to study dynamical features and propagation characteristics ofintraseasonal oxillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropical atmosphere. The simulations show that thereis the 30-50 day periodic oscillation in the low-resolution spectral model without non-seasonal external forcing,and spatial scale of the intraseasonal oscihations is of the globe .Further analysis finds that propagation charac-ters of intraseasonal oscillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropics are different. The 30-50 day oscillationover the tropics exhibits structure of the velocity potential wave with wavenumber 1 in the latitudinal and thecharacter of the traveling wave eastward at speed of 8 longitudes/day. However, the 30-50 day oscillationsin mid-latitude atmosphere exhibit phase and amplitude oscillation of the standing planetary waves and theyare related to transform of teleconnection patterns over the mid-latitudes. The energy is not only transferredbetween the tropics and the middle-high latitudes, but also between different regions over the tropics. Based on the analysis of 5-year band pass filtered data from a 5-layer global spectral model of Jow-ordetwith truncated wavenumber l0,investigation is done of the source of intraseasonal oscillations in the extratropicalmodel atmosphere and its mechanism. Results show that (1) the convective heat transferred eastward alongthe equator serves as the source of the intraseasonal oxillation both in the tropical and the extratropical atmos--phere; (2) the velocity-potential wave of a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 gives rise to oxillation in divergentand convergent wind fields of a dipole-form as seen from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacificduring its eastward propagation, thus indicating the oscillation in the dipole-form heat soure:e/sink pattertl; (3)the tropical heat-source oscillation is responsible for the variation in phase and intensity of the extratropicalstationary wave train, and the interaction between the oscillating low-frequency inertial gravity and stationaryRossby modes that are probably mechanisms for the oscillations ip the middle-high latitudes. 相似文献
3.
By using a nine-layer global spectral model involving fuller parameterization of physical processes, with a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15, experiments are performed in terms of two numerical schemes, one with long-term mean coverage of Arctic ice (Exp.1), the other without the ice (Exp.2). Results indicate that the Arctic re-gion is a heat source in Exp.2 relative to the case in Exp.1. Under the influence of the polar heat source simulated, there still exist stationary wavetrains that produce WA-EUP and weak PNA patterns in Northern winter. That either the Arctic or the tropical heat source can cause identical climatic effects is due to the fact that the anomaly of the Arc-tic ice cover will directly induce a south-propagating wavetrain, and bring about the redistribution of the tropical heat source/ sink. The redistribution is responsible for new wavetrains that will exert impact on the global climate. The simulation results bear out further that the polar region in Exp.2 as a heat source, can produce, by local forcing, a pair of positive and negative difference centers, which circle the Arctic moving eastwards. Observed in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is a 40-50 day oscillation in relation to the moving pair, both having the same period. 相似文献
4.
关于热带大气低频振荡的一个简单模式与数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先从观测事实分析了热带大气的低频振荡现象，然后从理论上加以研究。为此，本文建立了一个包括触发热源和CISK机制的三维线性模式，用此模式讨论了热带大气低频振荡的性质、结构、传播和动力学机制。从模式的计算结果得到了周期为30d左右以大约9 m/s的速度向东传播的低频振荡现象，这种振荡为Kelvin波型的响应和向西传播的Rossby波型的响应的结合。计算还表明，这种振荡的周期与触发热源的周期关系不大，这说明了热带大气的低频振荡是大气自身的固有振荡，它是大尺度运动与对流凝结加热相互作用的结果。 相似文献
5.
运用ＬＡＰＧＣＭ模式证实了大气对南极冰异常的强迫遥响应是激发全球大气季节内振荡的重要机制,进而着重考察候平均偏差结果的时间序列,并且通过带通以处理,特别分析了响应场中３０－６０天低频振荡的重要特征,发现：大报对南极冰减退的响应是一种具有３０－６０天周期的低频遥响应。强迫场中的重要成分是３０－６０天季节内振荡,并且具有同实际大气中的低频振荡相类的垂直结构以及传播和分布特征。 相似文献
6.
A DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIC FACTORS OF LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on dynamical characteristics of the tropical atmosphere,a mathematical model of low-frequency oscillation (LFO hereinafter) in low-latitudes has been developed.The analysis shows that the distributive features (shear of wind speed) of easterlies and westerlies in low-latitudes,the divergence and convergence of meridional and zonal flow,the vertical structure of diabatic heating and the Coriolis parameter f are the basic factors resulting in the LFO,while quasi-periodical baroclinity development or index cycle of westerly waves in middle-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is an external forcing to the LFO in the tropical atmosphere.The resonance on adequate condition makes LFO suddenly enhanced. 相似文献
7.
外强迫对热带季节内振荡影响的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
应用经过修改的NCAR CCM3模式和CAM2模式进行的数值实验结果以及NCEP的GFS模式的输出结果讨论了海温等外强迫作用对热带季节内振荡的影响.结果表明,热带季节内振荡是热带大气固有的内部变率.它是由大气内部过程的相互作用决定的.但外强迫对热带季节内振荡的强度、传播方向等有明显的影响.当外强迫没有变化时,模式可以模拟出与观测近似的低频振荡.当作为外强迫的海温和太阳辐射有年内季节变化时,模式模拟的季节内振荡则明显减弱.当海温与辐射不仅有季节变化而且有年际变化时,模式模拟的季节内振荡会进一步减弱.具有长周期的外强迫还会削弱季节内振荡中东移波动的能量而增加静止波的强度.在与海洋模式耦合的状态下,模式不受来自海洋的外强迫影响,而是与海洋构成一个耦合系统,可以产生最强的季节内振荡. 相似文献
8.
基本气流和边界层顶高度对低纬大气数值模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了一个包含波动CISK(Convective Instability of the Second Kind)机制的扰动方程数值模式中,基本气流对低频振荡数值模拟的影响。结果显示,当基本气流为纬向均匀风场U时,振荡周期随U的增加而减小:当U取2 m s-1时,周期从50～60 d减小到30 d;当U减小到-1 m s-1时,振荡周期增加为70～80 d。这是由于低频振荡是从西向东传播,西风基本气流能加快扰动东传,反之东风基本气流会抑制扰动东传,使振荡周期增加。同时,模式中的边界层顶出现误差时,模拟结果会有敏感的响应。若边界层顶取值比标准值高,对流加热反馈作用过大,出现扰动增长过快的现象,传播到80°～90°E附近时,扰动不再继续传播,而是无限增长;而边界层顶取值比标准值低时,对流加热反馈过小,扰动增长小且衰减加快,扰动传播不远便耗散到零,扰动循环周期表现为热源的周期。 相似文献
9.
Orographic effects on monthly-and seasonal-scale low frequency oscillation are investiged in terms of a five-level global spectral model with a triangle truncation at wavenumber 10 that contains relatively full physical parameterization, followed by analysis and comparison of the lowpass filtered data separately obtained from models with and without orography. Results show that remarkable seasonal characteristics are displayed in the orographic forcing-generated low frequency wavetrain on monthly and seasonal scales. It is found that the Northern Hemisphere summer orography-produced tropical heating acts as source of the low-frequency wavetrain for both hemispheres. Besides, the simulations indicate that the orographic wavetrain perturbation can give rise to the anomaly in the equatorial zonal flow, whose transient forcing will cause a new wavetrain in the Southern Hemisphere, thus completing the cross-equatorial propagation of the northern wave in interhemispheric action. 相似文献
10.
Interactions between the tropical and subtropical northern Pacific at decadal time scales are examined using uncoupled oceanic and atmospheric simulations. An atmospheric model is forced with observed Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST) decadal anomalies, computed as the difference between the 2000–2009 and the 1990–1999 period. The resulting pattern has negative SST anomalies at the equator, with a global pattern reminiscent of the Pacific decadal oscillation. The tropical SST anomalies are responsible for driving a weakening of the Hadley cell and atmospheric meridional heat transport. The atmosphere is then shown to produce a significant response in the subtropics, with wind-stress-curl anomalies having the opposite sign from the climatological mean, consistent with a weakening of the oceanic subtropical gyre (STG). A global ocean model is then forced with the decadal anomalies from the atmospheric model. In the North Pacific, the shallow subtropical cell (STC) spins down and the meridional heat transport is reduced, resulting in positive tropical SST anomalies. The final tropical response is reached after the first 10 years of the experiment, consistent with the Rossby-wave adjustment time for both the STG and the STC. The STC provides the connection between subtropical wind stress anomalies and tropical SSTs. In fact, targeted simulations show the importance of off-equatorial wind stress anomalies in driving the oceanic response, whereas anomalous tropical winds have no role in the SST signal reversal. We further explore the connection between STG, STC and tropical SST with the help of an idealized model. We argue that, in our models, tropical SST decadal variability stems from the forcing of the Pacific subtropical gyre through the atmospheric response to ENSO. The resulting Ekman pumping anomaly alters the STC and oceanic heat transport, providing a negative feedback on the SST. We thus suggest that extratropical atmospheric responses to tropical forcing have feedbacks onto the ocean dynamics that lead to a time-delayed response of the tropical oceans, giving rise to a possible mechanism for multidecadal ocean-atmosphere coupled variability. 相似文献
11.
运用ＩＡＰＡＧＣＭ模式证实了大气对南极冰异常的强迫遥响应是激发产生全球大气季节内振荡的重要机制,进而着重考察了候平均偏差结果的时间序列,并且通过带通滤波处理,特别分析了响应场中３０～６０ｄ低频振荡的特征及其活动。通过分析发现：大气对南极冰减退的响应是一种具有３０～６０ｄ周期的低频遥响应,并呈现出清楚的二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列特征;强迫场中的３０～６０ｄ季节内振荡具有着同实际大气中的低频振荡相类似的垂直结构和传播特征。大气响应场中３０～６０ｄ振荡能量在垂直方向上随高度的增加而增加,在纬向上表现出明显的区域性特征,即季节内振荡的最大动能区（由于ＣＩＳＫ机制）分布在大洋内;ＥＵＰ,ＰＮＡ,ＡＳＡ和ＲＳＡ波列可能是全球大气低频扰动传播的主要路径,３０～６０ｄ低频扰动在波列路径上的传播具有很大的一致性和系统性,从而使中高纬和热带地区、以及南北半球的３０～６０ｄ大气振荡相互联系起来,而且可以认为,赤道中太平洋和赤道中大西洋地区是南北半球３０～６０ｄ低频振荡间相互作用和相互联系的重要通道。 相似文献
12.
印度洋海气热通量交换研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
基于综合海洋大气资料集(COADS)资料的研究表明,热带印度洋的海气热通量交换具有明显的区域性特征,在部分海域,如冬季热带印度洋的中东部、夏季的热带西印度洋和北印度洋,它主要表现为海洋对大气的强迫.海洋对大气的这种强迫,主要是通过潜热加热实现的.与潜热加热相比,感热加热尽管是一个小量,但感热异常与表层海温的显著相关,较之潜热明显超前.无论冬季还是夏季,热带印度洋都存在大面积海域,其SST变化难以通过海气热通量交换来解释. 相似文献
13.
大气对外强迫低频遥响应的数值模拟 Ⅰ:对赤道东太平洋SSTA的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过在IAP-GCM上实现的数值模拟,研究了大气对赤道东太平洋地区暖SSTA的响应,着重讨论了大气遥响应的性质和演变过程. 数值模拟清楚地表明,大气对异常外源的响应主要是一种具有30—60天周期的低频遥响应.分析不同地区和不同季节这种强迫响应的30—60天低频振荡的结构及活动,可以清楚看到它与大气中实际存在着的30—60天振荡极为相似.因此也可以认为,大气对海温异常的强迫遥响应是激发产生全球大气30—60天振荡的重要机制. 相似文献
14.
Impacts of shortwave radiation forcing on ENSO: a study with a coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We describe a coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere model that represents a new class of models that fill the gap between anomaly
coupled models and fully coupled general circulation models. Both the atmosphere and ocean are described by two and half layer
primitive equation models, which emphasize the physical processes in the oceanic mixed layer and atmospheric boundary layer.
Ocean and atmosphere are coupled through both momentum and heat flux exchanges without explicit flux correction. The coupled
model, driven by solar radiation, reproduces a realistic annual cycle and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the presence
of annual mean shortwave radiation forcing, the model exhibits an intrinsic mode of ENSO. The oscillation period depends on
the mean forcing that determines the coupled mean state. A perpetual April (October) mean forcing prolongs (shortens) the
oscillation period through weakening (enhancing) the mean upwelling and mean vertical temperature gradients. The annual cycle
of the solar forcing is shown to have fundamental impacts on the behavior of ENSO cycles through establishing a coupled annual
cycle that interacts with the ENSO mode. Due to the annual cycle solar forcing, the single spectral peak of the intrinsic
ENSO mode becomes a double peak with a quasi-biennial and a low-frequency (4–5 years) component; the evolution of ENSO becomes
phase-locked to the annual cycle; and the amplitude and frequency of ENSO become variable on an interdecadal time scale due
to interactions of the mean state and the two ENSO components. The western Pacific monsoon (the annual shortwave radiation
forcing in the western Pacific) is primarily responsible for the generation of the two ENSO components. The annual march of
the eastern Pacific ITCZ tends to lock ENSO phases to the annual cycle. The model's deficiencies, limitations, and future
work are also discussed.
Received: 15 June 1999 / Accepted: 11 December 1999 相似文献
15.
ＥＮＳＯ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｅｎｃｅｏｆＥＮＳＯｉｓｓｔｉｌａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｎｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ．ＵｓｉｎｇｔｈｅＥＣＭＷＦｄａｔａ,ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｎＥＮＳＯａｎｄｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｌｏｗ－ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｗａｖｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ．ＩｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｏｃｕｒｅｎｃｅｏｆＥＮＳＯｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｒａｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｏｓｃｉｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｑｕａｓｉ－ｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙｗａｖｅｓ（ｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄ＞９０ｄａｙｓ）ｉｎｔｈｅｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ．ＡｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｏｃｕｒｅｎｃｅｏｆＥｌＮｉｎｏｅｖｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｅｎｅｒｇｙｏｆｌｏｗ－ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｗａｖｅｓｈａｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈｅｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｅｎｅｒｇｙｏｆａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｉｎｔｒａｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ（３０－６０ｄａｙｓ）ｏｓｃｉｌａｔｉｏｎ 相似文献
16.
ENSO, particularly the occurrence of ENSO is still an important research object in climatic variation. Using the ECMWF data, the relationship between ENSO and the activities of low-frequency waves in the tropical atmosphere is analyzed in this paper. It is shown that the occurrence of ENSO is closely related to the intraseasonal oscillation and the quasi-stationary waves (the period > 90 days) in the tropical atmosphere. Associated with the occurrence of El Nino event, the kinetic energy of low-frequency waves has obvious variation: the kinetic energy of atmospheric intraseasonal (30–60 days) oscillation (ISO) decreases abruptly and the kinetic energy of quasi-stationary waves increases abruptly. Moreover, the ISO and quasi-stationary waves propagate eastward clearly corresponding to El Nino; but they clearly propagate westward in La Nina cases. 相似文献
17.
本文使用一个简单的全球二层大气环流模式作了强迫响应数值试验。模式中引入了代表热带低频偶极型对流的异常强迫.结果表明这一强迫不仅能激发显著的局地大气响应,也能引起北半球中纬显著的低频异常波列,中纬波列的发展与热带强迫变化之间存在四分之一位相差关系.这些结果与观测研究的结果一致.进一步的分析表明,大气响应的位相滞后与强迫产生的能量从内模向外模的非线性转换过程有关.最后提出了季节内尺度热带-中纬相互作用的可能机制. 相似文献
18.
本文首先从理论上讨论了北半球冬季低纬度强迫源与中纬度强迫源强迫所产生的准定常行星波在实际基本气流中传播路径及其振幅分布的差异,指出冬季低纬度热源异常将对北半球中、高纬度对流层大气环流的异常起很大影响,而中纬度热源异常将对平流层环流异常起很大作用。 本文应用一个包括Rayleigh摩擦、Newton冷却及水平涡旋热力扩散准地转34层球坐标模式分别计算了冬季低纬度热源异常与中纬度热源异常所造成北半球扰动系统的异常情况,计算结果表明了冬季低纬度热源异常将对中、高纬度对流层大气环流异常起很大作用,热带太平洋上空热源异常将产生PNA型环流异常。 相似文献
19.
热带积云对流加热在全球大气遥响应中的重要作用──数值试验结果 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用ＩＡＰ两层大气环流模式模拟研究了热带地区积云对流加热在大气对赤道东太平洋海温正异常响应中的作用。通过对积分结果进行分析发现：热带地区积云对流在大气对赤道东太平洋海温正异常的响应过程中起着非常重要的作用。若热带地区的积云对流加热减弱则大气中的遥响应（相关）型也减弱。同时我们还发现，热带地区的积云对流加热加强则响应场的３０—６０ｄ低频振荡也得到加强。 相似文献
20.
距平滤波模式（ＡＦＭ）是具有独特优点的长期天气预报模式，本文推广进而设计了一类全球大气多层原始方程距平谱模式，并利用该模式对热带海温距平产生的大气响应进行了试验性模拟，结果表明多层原始方程距平模式不同于ＡＦＭ，更有别于ＧＣＭ，在短期气候异常的动力学过程研究或预报方面显示出广泛的应用价值。 相似文献