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1.
苏鲁超高压变质带含褐帘石正、副片麻岩中变质锆石的地球化学性质及其SHRIMP U-Pb定年 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
含褐帘石正、副片麻岩是苏鲁地体重要的超高压变质岩石。矿物包体激光拉曼鉴定、阴极发光图像分析、锆石微区LA-ICP-MS成分测试及SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,含褐帘石正、副片麻岩中的锆石具有明显的三层结构,即弱发光效应的继承性(碎屑或岩浆结晶)锆石的核、强发光效应的含柯石英变质增生幔部和弱发光效应的退变边。继承性岩浆结晶锆石核部记录了新元古代(>810Ma)的原岩形成年龄,含柯石英锆石微区记录了241～223Ma的超高压变质年龄(正、副片麻岩的加权平均年龄分别为230±7Ma和229±7Ma),锆石的退变边记录了217～200Ma的角闪岩相退变质年龄(正、副片麻岩的加权平均年龄分别为211±3Ma和210±2Ma),由此限定苏鲁地体构造抬升速率为5.3km/Myr,表明苏鲁超高压岩石经历了一个相对快速抬升的变质演化过程。与苏鲁-大别其它超高压岩石变质增生锆石对比,含褐帘石正、副片麻岩中的超高压变质增生锆石微区具有十分独特的地球化学性质,主要表现为重稀土元素(HREE)明显富集,U含量明显偏低(10～29×10~(-6)),而Th/U比值则明显偏高(0.45～0.92)。HREE的明显富集与寄主岩石普遍存在超高压矿物褐帘石(富集轻稀土元素)有关,而低U含量和高Th/U比值的特点则表明超高压峰期变质阶段处在高氧逸度(f_o_2)的体系环境。 相似文献
2.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔0～4500米变质岩石锆石中保存的超高压矿物包体 总被引：14，自引：9，他引：14
中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-4500米的岩心主要由榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、副片麻岩、正片麻岩以及少量的超基性岩所组成。岩相学研究结果表明,榴辉岩的围岩普遍经历了强烈角闪岩相退变质作用的改造,峰期超高压变质的矿物组合已完全被后期退变质过程中角闪岩相矿物组合所替代。采用激光拉曼技术,配备电子探针和阴极发光测试,发现主孔224件岩心中有121件(包括榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、副片麻岩和正片麻岩)样品的锆石中普遍隐藏以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体,且不同岩石类型锆石中所保存的超高压矿物包体组合存在明显差异。(含多硅白云母)金红石石英榴辉岩锆石中保存的典型超高压包体矿物组合为柯石英 石榴石、柯石英 石榴石 绿辉石 金红石和柯石英 多硅白云母 磷灰石。黑云绿帘斜长角闪岩锆石中保存的超高压矿物组合为柯石英 石榴石 绿辉石、柯石英 石榴石 多硅白云母和柯石英 绿辉石 金红石,与榴辉岩所保存的超高压矿物组合十分相似,表明该类斜长角闪岩是由超高压榴辉岩在构造折返过程中退变质而成。在副片麻岩类岩石,如石榴绿帘黑云二长片麻岩锆石中,代表性的超高压包体矿物组合为柯石英 多硅白云母和柯石英 石榴石等;而在石榴黑云角闪钠长片麻岩锆石中,则保存柯石英 硬玉 石榴石 磷灰石、柯石英 硬玉 多硅白云母 磷灰石和柯石英 石榴石 磷灰石等超高压矿物包体。在正片麻岩锆石中,标志性的超高压矿物包体为柯石英、柯石英 多硅白云母、柯石英 蓝晶石 磷灰石和柯石英 蓝晶石 榍石等。此外,在南苏鲁东海至临沭一带的地表露头以及一系列卫星孔岩心的锆石中,也普遍发现以柯石英为代表的标志性超高压矿物包体,表明在南苏鲁地区由榴辉岩及其围岩的原岩所组成的巨量陆壳物质(方圆>5000km2,厚度超过4.5km)曾整体发生深俯冲,并经历了超高压变质作用。该项研究对于重塑苏鲁-大别超高压变质带俯冲-折返的动力学模式有着重要的科学意义。 相似文献
3.
电子探针化学定年法 (Chemical Th-U-total Pb Isochron Method,CHIME) 以其原位、极高的空间分辨率、样品制备简单方便、不破坏样品、测试速度快、成本低等优点,被成功用于独居石、褐帘石、锆石、磷钇矿、晶质铀矿等副矿物定年,但应用于钍石定年仍不成熟。本文尝试利用电子探针对小秦岭矿集区元古宙伟晶岩脉中的钍石进行定年。显微镜下观察发现,热液钍石颗粒细小（<30 μm）,多与独居石共生,包裹在褐帘石中。我们对未发生蚀变或者蜕晶化的小颗粒钍石进行了电子探针Th-U-Pb化学法定年,得到的加权平均年龄为120.9±2.1 Ma (95%置信区间)。这一年龄与枪马金矿的矿化年龄一致,代表了继该地区大规模花岗岩侵位活动之后,华北克拉通减薄过程中的又一次热液蚀变过程。 相似文献
4.
沿中央造山带存在一条巨大的超高压变质带,其西起阿尔金-祁连,往东经秦岭,延至大别苏鲁,全长超过4000 km.柴北缘片麻岩中含柯石英锆石的SIMS离子探针原位微区U-Pb定年获得超高压变质年龄452±1 3.8 Ma,锆石的退变质年龄419±6.7 Ma.SHRIMP U-Pb定年获得秦岭含金刚石片麻岩中锆石的下交点年龄502±45 Ma,上交点年龄1545±100Ma,认为前者代表超高压变质年龄,后者为原岩岩浆锆石年龄;获得榴辉岩锆石的上交点年龄1381±82 Ma和下交点493±170 Ma,认为上交点代表榴辉岩原岩年龄,下交点代表超高压变质年龄;获得江苏东海县青龙山榴辉岩含柯石英等超高压矿物锆石的年龄为441±9 Ma,449±9 Ma,和442±9Ma,平均444±9 Ma,核部含斜长石+磷灰石锆石年龄为761±13 Ma,认为前者代表超高压变质年龄,后者代表榴辉岩原岩结晶年龄.认为中国中部沿中央造山带中存在两期超高压变质作用,第一期为加里东期,第二期为印支期,两期超高压变质事件在时空分布方面是不同的,加里东期超高压变质事件由西部阿尔金-柴北缘延至东部大别-苏鲁,印支期超高压变质事件没有在大别以西发现.认为中央造山带应是一个多期活动的造山带,较早形成罗德尼亚大陆的格林威尔造山运动可能留下了10亿年左右的构造岩浆事件记录,如中央造山带中大量10亿年左右的花岗岩及基性超基性岩类;罗德尼亚大陆之后第一次裂解作用可能发生在8亿年左右;其后早古生代加里东期的洋盆裂开,蛇绿岩和超高压变质岩石的大量出现是一次十分强烈的板块构造事件,从东到西,沿中央造山带均有分布;加里东期造山事件之后印支期沿该造山带又有一次大的板块裂解和俯冲碰撞作用,表现在勉略蛇绿岩洋壳及大别-苏鲁印支期超高压变质带的存在.中央造山带保留和记录了多期裂解、会聚事件,通过对其解剖,不仅可以认识中国大地构造格局和演化,并由此理解全球的大陆漂移、一系列大裂解和大会聚等重大地质事件. 相似文献
5.
目前,在大别-苏鲁榴辉岩的磷灰石中已经观察到多种出溶现象,出溶体矿物主要是独居石和铁、铜硫化物,个别有硅钍石[1]、铁氧化物和重晶石[2,3].对于出溶体现象的解释,一般认为是超高压变质条件下形成的磷灰石在退变质减压、降温作用以及氧逸度fO2变化下,其中的LREE与[PO4]3-结合形成独居石,而S、Fe、Cu等元素结合形成硫化物,并沿着一定的晶格方向出溶. 相似文献
6.
粤北棉花坑铀矿床蚀变花岗岩副矿物特征研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用电子探针等测试方法,对采自棉花坑铀矿床特富矿体蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物,特别是富铀副矿物进行研究。蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物有锆石、直氟碳钙铈矿、铀石-钍石、磷灰石、磷钇矿、褐帘石等,其中主要富铀副矿物有铀石-钍石、磷钇矿、独居石。研究表明,热液作用能使副矿物的晶体结构和成分发生改变,甚至形成新的矿物,同时使富铀副矿物释放大量的铀进入成矿流体,如磷钇矿蚀变为磷灰石、铀钍石蚀变为铅钍石、独居石可蚀变为直氟碳钙铈矿等;磷灰石、锆石、褐帘石等副矿物铀含量较低,而且在蚀变过程中,它们保持相对稳定,且晶形完好,释放的铀量少;部分蚀变锆石出现相反情况,其铀含量不降反升。研究还表明,富铀副矿物受热液作用越强,即距热液活动中心越近,铀含量的降低越明显,释放的铀就越多,从而为铀矿床的形成提供了丰富的铀源。 相似文献
7.
榴辉岩及其围岩的变质作用和年代学研究是揭示超高压变质地体形成机制及演化过程的关键,但是作为榴辉岩围岩的副片麻岩,由于其矿物组合相对简单,缺少指示温压条件的特征矿物,不容易将其岩石学特征与变质年龄相联系。本文对柴北缘超高压变质带都兰地区3个含石榴石副片麻岩样品进行了岩石学及独居石电子探针原位U-Th-Pb化学法定年研究,获得3个样品中独居石的表面年龄分别为433±15.4 Ma(8S01,沙柳河剖面)、440±11.2 Ma(8S55,都兰北带野马滩)和435±14.7 Ma(8S116,都兰南带)。其中沙柳河及都兰南带的两个样品年龄相似,与北带样品约有5 Ma的年龄差。3个测试样品中的独居石均表现为富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素严重亏损,具有Eu的正异常,其中Eu/Eu*与寄主岩石石榴石中Ca含量存在耦合关系。岩石学研究及温压条件计算表明独居石为角闪岩相退变过程中变质重结晶生长而成。都兰南带独居石样品测试点年龄介于440～430 Ma时具有较高的Y含量,且Y与Eu/Eu*之间存在明显的负相关性,表明440～430 Ma之间都兰地区部分副片麻岩经历了角闪岩相退变质作用。 相似文献
8.
秦岭-大别-苏鲁高压超高压变质带是华北与扬子板块俯冲碰撞作用的产物。以榴辉岩为代表的高压超压变质岩的研究将为整个造山带形成与演化历史的建立提供重要信息。本文对分布于大别和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩进行了地质学、岩石学、矿物化学及年代学研究,获得了以下认识:(1)榴辉岩可分成低温高压榴辉岩和超高压榴辉岩。超高压榴辉岩分布于前寒武纪的大别、东海、胶东和胶南变质杂岩之中,低温高压榴辉岩分布于中晚元古代的红安群、松宿群和苏家河群变质岩系之中。在大别山地区,超高压榴辉岩、高压榴辉岩,以及绿帘-蓝片岩成带状,从北到南依次平行于造山带展布。(2)大别山地区的高压榴辉岩变质作用的温压条件是:450-550℃,1.4-1.6GPa。超高压榴辉岩变质条件是:650-870℃,>2.7-2.9GPa,苏鲁地区的超高压榴辉岩是820-1000℃,>2,8-3.1GPa,榴辉岩的形成温度从西向东逐渐升高。(3)榴辉岩经历了绿帘角闪岩相→榴辉岩相→角闪岩相→绿帘-角闪岩相或绿帘-蓝片岩相→绿片岩相5期变质作用。超高压榴辉岩变质作用PTt轨迹呈顺时针方向旋转,进变质作用为缓慢升温显著增压过程,退变质作用早期为近等温迅速降压过程,中期具近等压降温特征,晚期为近等温降压过程。(4)大别-苏鲁地区至少经历了两期高压变质作用,加里东期夹持于华北与 相似文献
9.
苏鲁地体古元古代花岗质片麻岩锆石的U-Pb定年、REE和Lu-Hf同位素特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
苏鲁超高压变质带北部的威海和桃行地区出露大量含黑云母和绿帘石的花岗质片麻岩。激光拉曼测试和阴极发光图像分析结果表明,含黑云母和绿帘石花岗质片麻岩(SLU1和SLU2)的锆石中保存大量矿物包裹体,主要为石英(Qtz)+钾长石(Kfs)+钠长石(Ab)±磷灰石(Ap),与基质中的矿物组合完全一致。阴极发光图像显示典型岩浆结晶环带的特点,稀土元素配分模式显示轻稀土元素明显亏损,而重稀土元素明显富集的特点,具有强烈的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu?鄢=0.03～0.13)。锆石U-Pb SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,该类花岗质片麻岩的原岩形成时代为古元古代 (1825±6~1838±3Ma),并经历了三叠纪超高压变质作用(215± 33~227±35Ma) 的改造。Lu-Hf同位素研究结果证明,该类花岗质片麻岩的原岩是中—新太古代古老地壳再活化和部分熔融的产物。上述特征表明,苏鲁超高压变质带中不仅存在与Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的花岗岩,而且也存在古元古代由古老地壳部分熔融而成的花岗岩。 相似文献
10.
苏鲁-大别超高压岩石中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究——综述和最新进展 总被引：6，自引：9，他引：6
如何建立苏鲁-大别超高压岩石深俯冲-超高压-快速折返过程连续而完整的P-T-t轨迹及精细的年代谱系,是目前地学界研究的热点。而变质锆石是否记录深俯冲石英榴辉岩相进变质阶段的年代学信息和超高压峰期变质时代的准确归属,是目前苏鲁-大别超高压变质带需要深入研究的核心问题。本文在对前人同位素年代学方面所取得的成果进行系统总结的基础上。采用锆石中矿物包体激光拉曼和电子探针测试、锆石阴极发光图像成因分析以及SHRIMP U-Pb定年等综合研究手段,确定苏鲁-大别地体榴辉岩及其强退变质围岩在深俯冲-构造折返过程中主要经历了四个阶段的变质演化:深俯冲石英榴辉岩相进变质(Ⅰ)、超高压峰期变质(Ⅱ)、构造折返初期石英榴辉岩相退变质(Ⅲ)和构造折返晚期角闪岩相退变质(Ⅳ)。研究发现,扬子板块(中)新元古代巨量的陆壳物质在早三叠纪(246～244Ma)俯冲到华北板块之下约65km的深处。发生了石英榴辉岩相进变质,相应的变质温压条件为T=542～693℃,P=1.7～2.02GPa。这些高压石英榴辉岩相岩石在中-新三叠纪继续向下俯冲,在235～225Ma期间,俯冲的深度至少达到了170km的地幔深处,并发生了峰期柯石英榴辉岩相超高压变质,相应的变质温压条件为T=722～866℃,P>5.5GPa。苏鲁-大别超高压地体自石英榴辉岩相进变质阶段到超高压峰期变质阶段的俯冲速率为7.0km/Myr。这些超高压岩石在219～216Ma期间,发生了第一次构造抬升至75km的深处,并经历了石英榴辉岩相退变质作用的改造,退变质温压条件为T=730～780℃,P=1.7～2.6GPa。这些退变质岩石在212～205Ma期间,又经历了第二次抬升至25km中-下地壳深处,并叠加了角闪岩相退变质作用,该阶段变质温压条件为T=610～710℃,P=0.7～1.2GPa。苏鲁-大别超高压地体两次构造抬升的速率大致相同,为5.6km/Myr。该项成果不仅确定了苏鲁-大别榴辉岩及其强退变质岩石深俯冲过程石英榴辉岩相进变质-超高压峰期变质、构造折返过程石英榴辉岩相-角闪岩相退变质连续而完整的变质演化P-T-t轨迹及精细的年代谱系,而且对于重新建立苏鲁-大别巨量陆壳物质快速超深俯冲-快速折返的动力学模式有着重要的科学意义。 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
12.
针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。 相似文献
13.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
14.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
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17.
The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
19.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
20.
Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Harvey E. Belkin Susan J. Tewalt James C. Hower J.D. Stucker J.M.K. O'Keefe 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):260-268
Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1 wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential. 相似文献