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以深圳沿海为例,对考虑波浪影响的《警戒潮位核定规范》在沿海警戒潮位核定工作中的应用进行了研究。为核定深圳市警戒潮位值,对深圳市沿海防潮能力、防潮重点区域及历史潮灾情况进行了调查梳理,建立了堤防能力和潮灾情况资料库。将深圳市沿海划分为4个核定岸段,确定了岸段等级,结合岸段保护目标的社会经济情况、水文气象要素特征等的统计分析结果,计算各岸段重现期潮位和波浪爬高等要素,确定警戒潮位核定修正值,最终得到深圳沿海4个核定岸段的四色警戒潮位值,为深圳市风暴潮灾害预警和防灾减灾提供支持。重点介绍了对波浪重现期要素和波浪爬高的计算,以供参考。 相似文献
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警戒潮位是指沿海地带防护区沿岸可能出现险情或潮灾,需进入戒备或救灾状态的潮位既定值,是海岸防汛工作的一个重要技术指标,是海洋预报部门发布风暴潮预报、警报的重要参考,是各级政府防潮减灾指挥决策的重要依据。依据河北省已核定出沿海警戒潮位值,将警戒潮位定为4个数值,按蓝色警戒潮位、黄色警戒潮位、橙色警戒潮位和红色警戒潮位进行分级核定,分别以蓝、黄、橙、红4色予以标志,通过将警戒潮位值实体直观化,更便于沿海地区直接了解风暴潮警戒潮位情况,为唐山市沿海的风暴潮防灾减灾工作提供更好的技术支持,警戒潮位的细化也有利于沿海部门单位更加有针对性地制订预案、采取防风暴潮措施,这对海洋灾害带来的损失具有防范作用。 相似文献
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以国家海洋局第二海洋研究所李金洪教授为组长的项目“浙江省防潮警戒水位核定”日前在杭州通过专家评审和验收。这是贯标 (国标《警戒潮位核定方法》)后 ,国内首次较系统全面地确定全省沿海主要岸段防潮警戒水位核定值。专家认为其成果达到了国内领先水平。防潮警戒水位不仅是海洋预报部门发布风暴潮预报、预警的指标和海洋防灾减灾的基础资料和重要依据。同时也是城建、港口、水利、旅游等部门规划设计和国土整治开发的基础性资料 ,是各级政府防潮减灾的重要依据 ,对发展海洋经济、保持社会持续稳定繁荣具有重要作用。浙江省是海洋灾害最… 相似文献
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对广西沿海各验潮站重现期高潮位进行了计算,通过分析传统重现期高潮位计算方法发现该局限性主要为广西全日潮潮汐性质下天文潮与风暴增水叠加概率过低和广西沿海堤防标准普遍偏低所致。根据不同岸线类型,结合海堤实际防御能力、海洋灾害承灾体和风险区划,提出适用于广西的红色警戒潮位核定新方法,对其它全日潮岸段警戒潮位核定和防潮应急管理等提供新的思路。 相似文献
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海南是中国受台风影响最多的省份,素有"台风走廊"之名,同时也是遭受各种海洋灾害影响最严重的省份。为提升全社会海洋灾害防御意识,做好风暴潮的防灾减灾工作,本文依据海南省核定公布的风暴潮4色警戒潮位值,在海南岛北部到东北部一带沿海设计了一种利用K波段雷达进行潮位测量的警戒潮位标志物,集基础支撑结构、供电控制系统、数据采集及传输系统、终端报警和预警信息发布系统、视频监控系统、管理中心平台等功能于一体。通过警戒潮位标志物的设立,可有效提升海南省海洋观测能力建设水平,完善海南省海洋灾害预警体系和治理能力建设,亦可为海南省海洋环境预报、海洋防灾减灾等提供重要数据支撑和决策依据。 相似文献
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利用福建中南部沿海4个主要验潮站历史风暴潮资料,对福建中南部沿海风暴潮进行了季节和年际统计特征分析,同时对风暴潮增水和高潮位最大增水划分等级进行统计特征分析,并对最高潮位超警戒潮位频数进行统计分析。结果发现:福建中南部沿海风暴潮存在显著的季节变化,7—9月为一年之中发生最多的月份;福建中南部沿海风暴潮年发生频数分别在1960—1965年、1990—1995年和2000—2005这3个时期出现峰值。福建中南部沿海风暴潮出现较强的风暴潮(增水100 cm以上)次数并不多,过程增水和高潮位增水的年代际变化特征不明显。福建中南部沿海超警戒潮位频数自2000年后出现上升趋势,反映了风暴潮灾害风险程度的上升。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献