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1.
松嫩平原西部地区为中国砷中毒区域,含水层沉积物特征及砷赋存态对地下水砷迁移、转化的影响并不清楚。在对研究区高砷区与低砷区钻孔沉积物进行取样的基础上,运用激光粒度分析、Tessier五步提取法和Keon分步提取法分别确定了不同深度沉积物的粒度分布和不同赋存态砷含量,系统研究了沉积物的水力传导系数、不同赋存态砷的分布及其与高砷地下水形成的关系。结果表明:沉积物5种赋存态砷(包括可交换态、碳酸盐吸附态、铁/锰氧化物吸附态、有机物或硫化物吸附态和基质态)中,铁/锰氧化物吸附态砷含量最高,并且砷含量与铁、锰含量呈明显正相关性;高砷区钻孔沉积物铁/锰氧化物吸附态砷质量分数为(1.18~6.11)×10-6,低砷区为(0.67~2.60)×10-6;高砷区钻孔沉积物以粉砂、黏土为主,水力传导系数介于0.004~0.027m·d-1,低砷区钻孔沉积物以细砂、中砂为主,水力传导系数介于0.005~0.2m·d-1;沉积物中粉砂或黏土含量越多,则沉积物颗粒越小,其水力传导系数越低,各赋存态砷含量越高,因此,高砷区低水力传导系数有利于还原环境的形成。通过地下水的循环,高砷含水层沉积物的淋滤作用和铁/锰氧化物的还原性溶解形成了研究区高砷地下水。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖池塘沉积物中氮、磷形态的赋存特征。【方法】于对虾养殖周期的前、中和后期对池塘沉积物采样,测定和分析沉积物中各形态氮和磷含量。【结果与结论】对虾养殖池塘沉积物中总氮质量分数(1131.36±349.00)mg/kg,有机氮平均占总氮的74.14%,养殖中期总氮及有机态氮含量相对较高。无机氮主要为固定态铵,平均占75.71%,可交换态氮主要由硝态氮和氨态氮组成。总磷质量分数(854.17±254)mg/kg,主要磷形态为铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生钙磷(ACa-P)和闭蓄态磷(Oc-P),养殖周期内沉积物中Fe-P含量变化频繁,较活跃。垂直方向上,总氮及有机氮在次表层4～6 cm含量较高,总磷、Fe-P及Oc-P均有表层富集现象。对虾养殖过程中池塘沉积物中的氮磷总量未见明显累积,生物活性磷(BAP)在总磷中比例增加,池塘沉积物内源磷负荷加重。氮和磷分别主要以有机态氮和生物活性磷形式存在,养殖过程使沉积物中内源磷释放潜力增加。  相似文献   

3.
沉积物中氮的赋存形态直接影响其参与生物地球化学循环的进程、途径和贡献大小,探究沉积物中不同氮形态的环境地球化学行为对研究氮的地球化学循环具有重要意义。以海南东寨港红树林湿地沉积物为研究对象,分别采集表层沉积物和柱状沉积物,采用分级浸提法提取不同形态的可转化态氮进行空间分布特征及影响因素分析。结果表明：研究区沉积物中总氮(TN)质量分数在1 149.0～1 690.6 mg/kg之间,总可转化态氮(TTN)的质量分数在464.6～647.5 mg/kg之间,二者均呈现出从上游至入海口逐渐降低的空间分布特征;4种可转化态氮中强氧化剂浸取态氮(SOEF-N)与TTN呈显著正相关,也是最主要的氮形态存在形式。通过沉积物C/N比值分析可知,研究区有机质主要来自污染物的大量排入,东寨港红树林柱状沉积物中TN与含水率、TOC呈极显著的正相关关系,表明氮与有机质具有相似的来源。  相似文献   

4.
选取江汉平原典型地下水砷中毒区仙桃市沙湖原种场为研究区,对3个长50 m的钻孔沉积物砷含量与赋存形态及其他化学组成进行了分析。结果表明区内沉积物砷质量分数为1.35~107.5 mg/kg (平均值为12.8 mg/kg)。黏土或亚黏土层中砷含量较高,这与细粒沉积物中铁锰氧化物、黏土矿物对砷的吸附有关。地下20 m左右深度内含水层沉积物中砷含量最高,相应地下水中砷质量浓度高达到1 000 μg/L。草酸-草酸铵选择性提取结果指示沉积物中10%~77% (平均38%)的As与无定形铁氢氧化物结合,表明无定形铁氢氧化物还原性溶解可能是控制砷释放与还原的主要地球化学过程,并且有机质生物氧化机制极大地促进了该过程。然而,沉积物中仅1.2%~23%的铁被草酸-草酸铵提取,含水层中砷浓度主要受铁的氢氧化物还原性溶解影响,但其他形式的铁、有机物的吸附作用亦控制着砷的含量。   相似文献   

5.
南海北部渔场表层沉积物中的硫化物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了给南海北部渔场的资源和环境保护提供基础数据,用碘量法测定了南海北部陆架区表层沉积物中硫化物含量.结果表明,全部28份样品中硫化物含量为3.3～42.2mg/kg(干重,下同),平均为12.1mg/kg,符合外海含量低的一般规律,明显低于沿岸海湾的含量,远低于日本渔业环境质量标准(200mg/kg)和安全下限值(400mg/kg).硫化物含量在测站间和不同区域间存在一定差异,南北方向呈近岸(13.1mg/kg)略高于离岸(12.1mg/kg)、离岸略高于远岸(11.1mg/kg)的梯度分布,但梯度差异不显著(p＞0.10);东西方向的分布特点是粤西海域(23.7mg/kg)＞海南岛以东(15.3mg/kg)＞台湾浅滩(9.4mg/kg)≈粤东海域(8.7mg/kg)≈珠江口外海域(8.6mg/kg).空间分布不太均匀主要是受沉积物类型的影响,与陆源硫化物输入的关系不大.  相似文献   

6.
南海北部渔场表层沉积物中的硫化物   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为了给南海北部渔场的资源和环境保护提供基础数据,用碘量法测定了南海北部陆架区表层沉积物中硫化物含量。结果表明，全部28份样品中硫化物含量为3．3－4．2mg/kg（干重，下同），平均为12．1mg/kg，符合外海含量低的一般规律，明显低于沿岸海湾的含量，远低于日本渔业环境质量标准（200mg/kg）和安全下限值（400mg/kg）。硫化物含量在测站间和不同区域间存在一定差异，南北方和呈近岸（13．1mg/kg）略高于离岸（12．1mg/kg）、离岸略高于远岸（11．1mg/kg）的梯度分布，但梯度差异不显著（P＞0．10）；东西方向的分布特点是粤西海域（23．7mg/kg）＞海南岛以东（125．3mg/kg）＞台湾浅滩（9．4mg/kg）≈粤东海域（8．7mg/kg）≈珠江口外外海域（8．6mg/kg)。空间分布不太均匀主要是受沉积物类型的影响，与陆源硫化物输入的关系不大。  相似文献   

7.
为了评价汉江中游典型小流域土壤有效锌的分布特征,利用网格法分3层在余姐河小流域采集土样,共采集207个样点。基于地统计学方法和Kriging插值法,结合坡向对土壤有效锌含量空间变异特征进行研究,并进行了丰缺评价。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤有效锌含量逐渐降低;经方差检验,仅0~10cm土层土壤有效锌含量存在显著性差异;林地0~10、20~40cm土层土壤有效锌含量与坡向呈显著正相关关系;草地0~10cm土层土壤有效锌含量与坡向呈显著负相关关系,10~20、20~40cm土层呈极显著负相关关系;该流域0~10cm土壤有效锌储量为45.42kg,土壤有效锌储量从大到小依次为林地、农地、草地;根据土壤有效态微量元素平均密度综合评价指数,该流域土壤有效锌处于丰富水平。  相似文献   

8.
以黄河下游流域山东省聊城市冠县地区为典型研究区,开展1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查评价工作。共采集表层(0～20cm)土壤样品5222件,计算土壤硒地球化学参数,系统分析了土壤硒含量的空间分布特征,初步探讨了硒元素影响因素及土壤-作物系统硒元素迁移特征。结果表明：冠县地区表层土壤硒含量变幅为0.08～0.31mg/kg,平均含量0.195mg/kg,属于足硒状态,占整个调查研究区的77.91%。不同土壤类型和地质单元硒含量有一定差异,在土壤剖面中硒含量随深度增加含量逐渐降低,总体呈现表聚性。研究区农作物不同部位硒含量富集能力不同,小麦籽实硒含量平均值为0.007mg/kg,呈低硒特征,建议通过农业土壤改良、科技创新,提高农作物中硒的含量。  相似文献   

9.
江汉平原高砷地下水的发现引起了广泛的关注,通过对该区高砷地下水监测场39个地下水样品的分析,揭示了高砷地
下水的水化学特征。同时,结合沉积物砷含量分析和高砷地下水的垂向分布特征,探讨了地下水中砷富集的影响因素。结果表
明,地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型,pH 值为中性偏弱碱性,Fe、Mn质量浓度很高。25m深度的监测井水中砷质量
浓度最高,对应的沉积物中总砷质量浓度也较高。井水中浓烈的H2S气味,偏负的氧化还原电位,高质量浓度的NH4-N、溶解有
机碳(DOC)、HCO- 3 、S2- 与低质量浓度的NO- 3 、SO24- 均指示该区为典型的富含有机质的还原性地下水环境。该条件下沉积物
中有机物质的生物降解作用和铁锰氧化物、铁锰氢氧化物的还原是江汉平原高砷地下水形成的主要原因。   相似文献   

10.
于2005年8月对湛江港附近海域潮间带的海水、表层沉积物和贝类体内的重金属进行了分析,结果表明:海水中的砷优于海水水质Ⅰ类标准,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均有不同程度的污染,其中铜、铅、镉污染较为严重,均劣于海水水质Ⅳ类标准;表层沉积物中砷的含量低于全国海岸带背景值,而汞、铜、锌、铅、镉均高于全国海岸带背景值,其标准指数分别为1.35、1.66、1.50、2.08、3.10,汞、铜略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,有轻微污染,砷、锌、铅均低于海洋沉积物质量标准第一类标准,未受污染,而镉略高于海洋沉积物质量标准第二类标准,环境受镉污染。各元素在各站点的分布没有规律性。牡蛎和蛤仔体内各重金属含量均优于海洋生物污染评价标准和人体消费卫生标准,其卫生质量良好。  相似文献   

11.
1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…  相似文献   

12.
采自柞水银铅矿地表径流６个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的５种化学相态（可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质－硫化物结合相及残渣相）,测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。  相似文献   

13.
The area of the southwestern Nansha Trough is one of the most productive areas of the southern South China Sea.It is a typical semi-deep sea area of transition from shoal to abyssal zone.To understand distributions and roles of nitrogen forms involved in biogeochemical cycling in this area,contents of nitrogen in four extractable forms:nitrogen in ion exchangeable form(IEF-N),nitrogen in weak acid extractable form(WAEF-N),nitrogen in strong alkali extractable form(SAEF-N) and nitrogen in strong oxidation extractable form(SOEF-N),as well as in total nitrogen content(TN) in surface sediments were determined from samples collected from the cruise in April-May 1999.The study area was divided into three regions(A,B and C) in terms of clay sediment(<4 μm) content at <40%,40%-60% and >60%,respectively.Generally,region C was the richest in the nitrogen of all forms and region A the poorest,indicating that the finer the grain size is,the richer the contents of various nitrogen are.The burial efficiency of total nitrogen in surface sediments was 28.79%,indicating that more than 70% of nitrogen had been released and participated in biogeochemical recycling through sediment-water interface.  相似文献   

14.
Phosphorus fractions and adsorption-release characteristics of sediments in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River estuary wetland were investigated.Results showed that the total phosphorus(TP) content in surface sediments ranged from 648.9 mg/kg to 1064.0 mg/kg;inorganic phosphorus(IP) was the major fraction of TP and ranged from 422.5 mg/kg to 643.9 mg/kg.Among the inorganic phosphorus,the main fractions were phosphorus bound to Al and Fe(Fe/Al-P),and calcium-bound phosphorus(Ca-P),accounting for 23%–42% and 21%–67% of IP,respectively.The vertical distribution of TP contents were significantly positive correlated with organic phosphorus(Org-P) and Fe/Al-P contents.The bio-available phosphorus contents in vertical sediments varied from 128.6 mg/kg to 442.9 mg/kg,mainly existed in Fe-Al/P fraction,and increased from the bottom to top sediments.The transport of phosphorus in sediment-water interface was controlled by the soil characteristics.The active Fe and Al content was considered as the main factor that determines adsorption capacity in vegetated marsh wetland.The P buffering capacity of the sediments in vegetated marsh wetland was greater than that in mudflat wetland.The potential risk of eutrophication in the study area is high.Reducing terrestrial phosphorus discharge and preventing the sediment Fe/Al-P release to the interstitial water are the possible solutions to reduce the risk of eutrophication in estuary wetlands,and planting vegetation in estuary wetland can also reduce the release of phosphorus in surface sediment.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of the heavy metals in the column sediments at Xiawan Port of Zhuzhou, which has been severely polluted by a metallurgical plant.The forms of the heavy metals discussed in this paper are: The concentration of the exchangeable forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, in the forms of carbonates and Fe/ Mn oxide in water, the combination of Cu with organic matter and form, and the proportion of the residue form at each section have been studied.  相似文献   

16.
Mangrove-derived dissolved organic matter(DOM) has an important effect on estuarine and coastal area on a large scale.In order to improve the understanding of origin,composition,and fate of DOM in mangrove-fringed estuarine and coastal areas,dissolved humic substances(DHS) were isolated from one mangrove pore-water sample and one near-shore seawater sample downstream the mangrove pore-water site in the eastern coast of Hainan Island,South China.Fulvic acids,humic acids and XAD-4 fractions were obtained from the two water samples by using a two-column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins.Chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to analyze the features of these DHS.Compared to the mangrove pore-water DHS,the near-shore seawater DHS were found rich in 13 C with lower C/N ratios and more aliphatic compounds and carbohydrates,but less aromatic structures and carboxyl groups.As for the three fractions of the two DHS,XAD-4 fractions contain more aliphatics,carbohydrates,carboxyl groups,and enrich in 13 C with respect to both fulvic and humic acids.Photo-oxidation transformation and contribution from marine-derived DOM were considered as the main reasons resulted in the difference in compositional features for these DHS in this study.  相似文献   

17.
水土界面氟的迁移对高氟地下水的形成具有重要影响。以大同盆地典型氟中毒区为例,分析了不同岩性沉积物中的氟质量分数和形态分布特征,并通过室内静态实验,探究了水溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-3以及H2PO-4质量浓度对水土界面氟迁移的影响。研究结果表明,沉积物中不同形态氟按含量由高到低的顺序依次为:残余态氟≥铁锰氧化态氟>水溶态氟>有机束缚态氟>离子交换态氟;各形态氟在不同岩性沉积物中含量大小均表现为:黏土>粉质黏土>粉砂;在沉积物中,黏土矿物和方解石是主要的固氟矿物成分。溶液的pH值、Ca2+、HCO-3以及H2PO-4质量浓度与氟在沉积物表面的吸附-解吸和沉淀-溶解平衡密切相关,沉积物对氟的吸附量随溶液pH值和HCO-3质量浓度增大而降低,随Ca2+和H2PO-4质量浓度增大而增大。   相似文献   

18.
The southern sea area of the Huludao City, Liaoning Province might be polluted by heavy metals because it is close to the Jinzhou Bay, one of the heaviest sea area polluted by heavy metals in China. The undisturbed modern sediment core can be used to analyze the accumulation and source of the pollutants using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex . Thirty-five samples of surface sediment and two core sediments were collected from the southern sea area of Huludao City. The concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in the surface sediments as well as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex in the core sediments were determined to research the spatial distribution and accumulation characteristics, and to analyze the sources and the potential risks of heavy metals. The results show that the pollution levels of Zn and Hg are serious, and 26 stations are at moderate or heavy ecological risks. The concentrations of the heavy metals increase from east to west, as well as from open sea to offshore marine area. The concentrations of heavy metals are not high in the sediments adjacent to the Jinzhou Bay, and the influence caused by the seawater exchange with the Jinzhou Bay is little. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the core sediments show low-high-low characteristic, and it coincides with the pollution history of Huludao City. The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from the Huludao Zinc Plant is likely to be the main source of pollution without direct discharge of wastewater. The high concentrations of heavy metals appear on the upper sediment of 20 cm. The shallow sediment with high heavy metal contents might be exposed to surface when it was disturbed by the ocean engineering and big storm surge, then cause risk to the safety of aquaculture and human healthy.  相似文献   

19.
INTRODUCTIONChrbondioxideandInehanearethetwomostabundantabosphericcarbonspedes.Methane'sconcenhati0nintheboposphereinonsesO.7-l.l%peryearraasmussenandKhaili,l98l,BlakeandRowand,l988,Scheeetal.,l989).Ihauseofmethne'sforpaCtontheearth'sclirnateandthechernistryoftheatInosphere,thebudgetofabosphericmethanehasmivedconsiderableattchti0n.Wetlandsareestirnataltobeoneofthelamptsoimofabosphericmethane,aocountingforab0ut4O%to5O%0ftheglobalInehanesoonannually(Cforneand0reInland,l988,WhitingandC…  相似文献   

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