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1.
南海北部陆架区蓝圆鲹的生长、死亡及合理利用研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文根据1997年12月至1999年6月在南海北部陆架区进行的大规模底拖网渔业资源调查资料中的蓝圆鲹生物学测定资料,运用FAO开发的最新的体长频率数据分析软件FiSATⅡ对蓝圆鲹的生长、死亡参数进行估算,并进一步应用Beverton-Holt模式对南海北部陆架区的蓝圆鲹最新资源状况进行研究.结果表明:(1)蓝圆鲹的叉长和体重的关系式为:W=1.4084×10~(-2)L~(2.9931),其生长规律可用von Bertalanffy的生长方程描述.(2)其von Bertalanffy生长方程各参数为:渐近叉长L_∞=33.1cm,渐近体重W_∞=498.6g,生长系数K=0.36,t_0=-0.44.(3)总死亡的系数Z=1.87,自然死亡系数M=0.85,捕捞死亡系数F=1.02,开发率E=0.55.在估算结果的基础上,进一步提出南海北部陆架区蓝圆鲹在目前的捕捞强度下的最佳可捕规格叉长为14.7cm,为我国实施拖网目限制提供了科学依据. 相似文献
2.
南海5类重要经济鱼类资源声学评估 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
1997年12月至1999年6月,利用“北斗”号调查船配置的Simrad EK500回声探测-积分系统在南海北部海域进行了渔业资源声学调查,调查分春(4~6月)、夏(7~9月)、秋(10~12月)、冬(12~2月)4个季节进行.根据调查资料,运用渔业资源声学评估方法对该海域的带鱼科、蓝圆鲹、竹荚鱼、金线鱼科以及大眼鲷科等5类23种经济鱼类进行了评估与分析.结果表明,这些种类在南海北部海域仍具有一定的资源储量,其资源量分别为5.04×105,1.63×105,1.04×105,9.8×104和9.2×104t;分析了其资源量的区域分布和季节变化. 相似文献
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4.
《应用海洋学学报》2017,(3)
根据2015年1~5月从南海北部陆架区水域采集的蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi,TemminckSchlegel,1843),测量样本矢耳石长、宽、周长、面积、长宽比、圆形趋近率、矩形趋近率、成形系数等形态学参数,分析耳石形态特征,构建耳石形态代表性参数与叉长、体质量的关系.结果显示,该调查所采集的蓝圆鲹耳石呈长梭形,有基叶、翼叶和主间沟,背部的脊突较腹部的叶突明显,中央听沟深且明显.经主成分分析,耳石长、宽、周长、面积、最大半径、最小半径、最小外接矩形面积7个特征为其蓝圆鲹耳石的主要形态特征.蓝圆鲹耳石主要形态特征与叉长和体质量的关系均适合对数函数;蓝圆鲹耳石主要形态特征参数随叉长增长呈稳定增长趋势;耳石主要形态特征参数随体质量的增长呈先快后慢的趋势.耳石各形态特征参数中,耳石外接矩形面积增长最快,最小半径增速最慢.矩形趋近率、圆形趋近率和成形系数变化不显著,轮廓变化差异较小. 相似文献
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闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹种群的年龄结构和生长特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝圆鲹[Decapterus maruadsi(Temminck & Schlegel)]属暖温性中上层鱼类,是闽南-台湾浅滩渔场机帆船灯光围网的主要捕捞对象,也是机帆船底拖网的重要渔获。为探讨本区蓝圆鲹种群结构的资源特点及其数量动态,我们对其种群年龄结构和生长特性进行了分析,从而为制定蓝圆鲹繁殖保护措施以及多种类渔业管理提供依据。一、材料和方法1982年2月至1983年12月,从厦门市海洋渔捞公社灯光围网机帆船的渔获物中,周年逐月收集本区蓝圆鲹的幼鱼和成鱼样本578尾,经生物学测定后,自鱼体左右侧第Ⅴ 相似文献
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世界海洋头足类动物的总捕获量近几十年来一直在稳步增长。据联合国粮农组织资料统计,1945年全世界海洋头足类动物的总捕获量为500000t左右;捕捞头足类动物的国家为30个;到了1980年世界海洋头足类总产量约达153×10~4t,有75个国家参与了头足类的捕捞生产。 由于对头足类的过度捕捞,一些有重要经济价值的头足类动物,如柔鱼、墨鱼以及章鱼的产量在过去20 相似文献
7.
闽南-台湾浅滩海域生态系统渔业资源容纳量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以在台湾海峡及其邻近海域开展的海洋科学调查研究所获得的有关闽南-台湾浅滩海域的初级生产力为基础,通过对渔业资源种类组成和结构的调查、浮游植物有机碳含量,鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类等主要种的营养级及其有机碳含量检测和生态效率的测算,采用营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算该海域渔业资源容纳量(自然生产量).同时,采用Gulland模式和MSY简单模式估算渔业资源最大可持续开发量.结果表明该海域渔业资源容纳量为125.23×10~4t,最大可持续开发量为61.92×10~4t.1996年以来实际年渔获量在62.05×10~4～67.29×10~4t,平均64.74×10~4t,超过了渔业资源的剩余产量,呈现过度捕捞态势. 相似文献
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当前,世界主要沿海渔业国家为适应资源变化的形势,十分重视新渔场和新捕捞对象的开发利用,并从底层鱼类资源的利用逐步转向对中上层鱼类资源的开发利用。80年代以来,世界中上层鱼类的年产量达到27×10~(6t),占世界海洋鱼类年总产量的36%左右。日本海洋鱼类的年产量为11×10~(6t),中上层鱼类的年产量约占49%。而我国近年来的海洋捕捞年产量约 相似文献
9.
南海北部海域小型非经济鱼类资源声学评估 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为探讨南海北部渔业资源的可持续利用情况 ,根据 1997年 12月～ 1999年 6月“北斗”号调查船SimradEK5 0 0回声探测 积分系统在南海北部海域获取的渔业资源调查资料 ,对该海域天竺鲷科、科、灯笼鱼科、鳄齿鱼科以及犀鳕科等 5类 5 8种小型非经济鱼类进行了资源量评估。结果表明 ,这些种类在南海北部海域具有比较丰富的资源储量 ,它们春、夏、秋、冬 4个季节的平均资源量分别为 18.5× 10 4t,2 6.1× 10 4t,2 2 .3× 10 4t,17.6× 10 4t和 4.5× 10 4t ;分析了其资源量的区域分布和季节变化。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
17.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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