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1.
闽南-台湾浅滩海域鱼类资源生产量 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以海洋生态系统营养动力学为理论依据,根据调查所获得的有关闽南-台湾浅滩海域的初级生产力资料,检测了该海域的浮游植物有机碳含量,测算了生态效率,检测了52种主要经济鱼类营养级及其有机碳含量.采用营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算了该海域生态系统中鱼类资源的生产量(自然生产量),同时采用Cadima模式和MSY简单模式估算鱼类资源最大可持续开发量.估算结果如下鱼类资源生产量为98.63×104t,最大可持续开发量为 48.35×104t.1997年以来实际年渔获量为48.64×104t -53.83×104t,超过了鱼类资源的最大可持续开发量,呈现过度捕捞态势.还讨论了加强该渔场渔业资源管理的7项重要措施,以促进鱼类资源的较快恢复. 相似文献
2.
南海北部海域小型非经济鱼类资源声学评估 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为探讨南海北部渔业资源的可持续利用情况 ,根据 1997年 12月～ 1999年 6月“北斗”号调查船SimradEK5 0 0回声探测 积分系统在南海北部海域获取的渔业资源调查资料 ,对该海域天竺鲷科、科、灯笼鱼科、鳄齿鱼科以及犀鳕科等 5类 5 8种小型非经济鱼类进行了资源量评估。结果表明 ,这些种类在南海北部海域具有比较丰富的资源储量 ,它们春、夏、秋、冬 4个季节的平均资源量分别为 18.5× 10 4t,2 6.1× 10 4t,2 2 .3× 10 4t,17.6× 10 4t和 4.5× 10 4t ;分析了其资源量的区域分布和季节变化。 相似文献
3.
南海5类重要经济鱼类资源声学评估 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
1997年12月至1999年6月,利用“北斗”号调查船配置的Simrad EK500回声探测-积分系统在南海北部海域进行了渔业资源声学调查,调查分春(4~6月)、夏(7~9月)、秋(10~12月)、冬(12~2月)4个季节进行.根据调查资料,运用渔业资源声学评估方法对该海域的带鱼科、蓝圆鲹、竹荚鱼、金线鱼科以及大眼鲷科等5类23种经济鱼类进行了评估与分析.结果表明,这些种类在南海北部海域仍具有一定的资源储量,其资源量分别为5.04×105,1.63×105,1.04×105,9.8×104和9.2×104t;分析了其资源量的区域分布和季节变化. 相似文献
4.
福建泉州湾贝类养殖容量评估 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对泉州湾叶绿素a、初级生产力、生态效率、浮游植物有机碳含量、养殖贝类有机碳含量及其含壳重与鲜组织重比值、潮间带和潮下带及吊养区附着滤食性动物现存量等的调查和检测,应用营养动态模型、沿岸能流模型估算贝类生态容量及扣除野生滤食性动物现存量来估算贝类养殖容量。还采用方建光模型估算贝类养殖容量,并采用统计分析法估算贝类及其各品种的适养面积。3种模型估算的贝类养殖容量分别为43 171t、220 991×104个,46 388 t、237 464×104个,44 049t、225 490×104个。贝类适养总面积为2 878hm2,其中牡蛎Ostrea1 349hm2,缢蛏Sinoncvacula con-stricta1 268 hm2,菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum117hm2,翡翠贻贝Perna viridis144hm2。1999年实际养殖面积2 615 hm2,尚有263 hm2可扩大养殖面积。还讨论了模型的实用性等问题。 相似文献
5.
厦门海域渔业资源评估 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以初级生产力和渔业统计资料为材 ,分别应用Tait沿岸海域生态系能流分析法、营养动态法和Cushing等 3种模式 ,估算厦门沿岸海域的渔业资源自然生产量。同时 ,分别应用Schaefer和Fox两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。前 3种模式估算该海域的资源生产量分别为 2 0 1 0 5t,1 8463t和 1 7489t,平均 1 8686t。后两种模式估算最大持续产量平均值分别为 9639t和 91 0 4t。估算的最大持续捕捞力量 :5种作业综合总功率为 1 5976kW ;以厦门机定置渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 2 7351kW ;以厦门机刺网渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 432 1 3kW。 1 997年实际渔获量和捕捞力量均超过了估算的最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。文中还讨论了捕捞力量的调整问题。 相似文献
6.
当渔业资源出现衰退时,加强资源增殖放流以养护渔业资源、提高渔业产量对于渔业资源可持续利用具有重要意义;与此同时,增殖放流的实施会对基于资源开发与管理的评估的结果产生影响。基于2001~2015年间东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)渔业数据,采用增殖剩余产量模型,对东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹的最大可持续产量(MSY)及取得MSY时所需捕捞努力量(EMSY)和原存生物量(BMSY)进行了评估,并与传统Schaefer模型评估结果进行了比较。结果表明,当年增殖放流量约在3×106~95×106尾之间时,三疣梭子蟹年产量逐渐增加, MSY在14.2×104 t和14.6×104 t之间, EMSY基本在15×104吨位左右。增殖放流量增加,其对应的MSY也越高,能承受的EMSY也越高(从15×104~15.4×104吨位之间),相反BMSY则减小(从188.4×104 t降至186.6×104 t)。与传统的Schaefer模型评估结果相比,增殖剩余产量模型由于考虑了增殖放流生物量的因素,得到了MSY和EMSY有所增加,而BMSY有所下降的结论。研究结果有望为该研究海域三疣梭子蟹可持续地捕捞、放流与管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹资源的评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以1971—1987年的蓝圆鲹叉长组成资料,应用体长股分析法评估了闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹的资源。结果表明,1971—1980年的现存资源数量和生物量分别为45292×10~5尾和9.49×10~4t,1981—1987年分别为63908×10~5尾和13.51×10~4t;1971—1980年和1981—1987年的瞬时捕捞死亡率分别为0.6347和0.4859。通过Beverton-Holt模式估算出蓝圆鲹目前的持续产量为9.58×10~4t,最佳最小捕捞叉长为135mm。 相似文献
8.
资源环境承载力研究亟待突破承载阈值界定与关键参数率定的技术瓶颈，并建立一套标准化的定量评价关键技术。本研究基于“资源量?消费量”模型，通过调查与实验分析获取特定海区的初级生产力、浮游植物有机碳含量、鱼类营养级等关键参数值，采用营养动态模型和Tait沿岸海域能流模型来估算海洋生物资源总量，然后根据年人均水产品摄入量或年人均蛋白质摄入量来计算该海区海洋生物资源承载力的阈值。根据2016年对日照辖区海域的生态环境状况调查，该海域年平均初级生产力(以C计)为428.22 mg/(m2·d)，浮游植物年生产量为918.51万t，鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类的平均营养级分别为3.85、3.92和3.90，利用营养动态模型计算海域渔业资源(鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类)的年生产量为3.89万t；根据Tait沿岸海域能流模型计算日照10 m等深线以内浅海的除去壳重的贝类资源量为5.50万t。按照年人均水产品摄入量为21 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为192.86万人；按照年人均摄入蛋白质量为30 kg，计算出日照辖区海域的海洋生物资源承载力总和为16.87万人。本文建立了一项具有广泛适用性的海洋生物资源承载力定量评价技术，对科学地开发利用海洋生物资源和建立陆海统筹的资源环境承载力的监测预警机制起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
9.
海陵湾沉积物重金属与粒度分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据 2001 年 12 月 (枯季) 和 2002年 6 月 (洪季) 首次在粤西海陵湾附近海域开展的沉积物地球化学性质调查研究研究资料,分析了表层沉积物中 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg和有机碳、硫化物以及粒度的时空分布特征。结果显示:沉积物的组成洪、枯季变化不明显;表层沉积物中 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd 和 Hg 总平均浓度分别为 ( 32.1±17.5, 36.1±10.0, 107.0±37.4, 0.26±0.15, 0.109±0.073) ×10 ;有机碳和硫化物的总平均含量分 -6别为 (1.33±0.53 ) %、( 140.13 ±136.42) ×10 ;表层沉积物类型主要为粘土质粉砂和砂,其平均粒径为 -6(4.62±2.36) φ,变化范围为 0.52 φ ～ 7.55 φ;Cu, Pb, Zn 和 Hg 浓度之间及其与有机碳含量和沉积物粒径之间呈显著相关。 相似文献
10.
通过对厦门港海域1986年9月14—20日所取非扰动沉积岩芯的分析测定,标志出岩芯的沉积年代,进而追溯了厦门港海域DDT的污染历史。实验结果表明,DDT在该海域的污染水平呈波动变化,大约10年左右出现一个污染高峰。文中还估算了不同时间尺度由上覆水进入沉积物界面的沉积通量。估算得1985—1986年间本海域DDT的沉积通量在0.86×10~(-5)—6.13×10~(-5)g/(m~2·a)之间;而自DDT大量使用这40余年来,在该海域的年均沉积通量在1.84×10~(-5)—21.59×10~(-5)g/(m~2·a)之间。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献