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1.
上海市上市企业总部的区位分布与影响机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大企业总部在城市内部的分布既受城市发展的影响,又是重塑城市空间格局的重要力量。基于历年上海市上市公司数据,探讨上海市的上市公司总部区位分布特征及影响因素。上市企业总部在上海呈显著的中心型分布,多数总部集聚在中心区,且总部密度随到城市中心距离的增加而迅速降低。企业总部分布还呈现强烈的接近交通干道和开发区集聚的倾向。计量模型结果表明,企业所有制条件、上市时间、企业规模、行业类型显著影响上市企业总部的区位分布,通常国有企业、规模较大的企业和上市时间较早的企业更倾向于布局在中心城区区位条件更加优越的地区,形成总部分布的二元结构。市场化改革和规划下不同类型企业的主从秩序可以解释这种企业总部分布的核心边缘二元结构。 相似文献
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企业空间扩张对企业效率与区域协调发展具有重要意义。论文基于2009—2018年北京市制造业上市企业及其子公司微观数据,通过子公司空间分布变化分析了企业空间扩张模式,并分析了扩张带来的企业总部与子公司之间距离的变化,进一步采用动态面板计量方法,实证检验了总部与子公司之间地理距离与经济距离的变化对不同扩张模式的制造业企业效率的影响。研究发现：① 在样本期内,北京市制造业上市企业扩张规模较大,空间扩张模式由等级扩散转变为等级扩散与接触扩散相结合,且以接触扩散为主;总部与子公司之间的地理距离呈上升趋势,经济距离先下降后上升。其中,技术密集型企业与非国有企业倾向于等级扩散,非技术密集型企业与国有企业倾向于接触扩散。② 对以接触扩散为主要扩张模式的企业来说,总部与子公司之间的地理距离与企业效率负相关,而以等级扩散为主要扩张模式的企业效率受地理距离影响不显著。③ 无论企业扩张模式如何,总部与子公司之间的经济距离均与企业效率正相关。因此,不同类型的制造业企业应选择不同的扩张策略。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(4):348-374
This research first develops a paradigm relating technology adoption, plant function, and location in different areas. It then examines empirically some of the paradigm's postulates dealing with occupation staffing patterns and wage rates in headquarters and production plants in different size cities and regions of the country using survey data. The research found that plants in large cities, headquarters plants, and plants in innovative regions paid higher wages than plants in small cities, production plants, and those in innovation-lagging regions. Headquarters plants and plants in large cities and innovative regions had a significantly larger number of scientists, engineers, and technicians on their staffs but few production workers. Production plants and those in small cities and towns and lagging regions had few professional workers but a significant number of production workers. For all types of plants an inverse relationship existed between plant size and city size. The postulated direct relationship between plant size and wage rates was not clearly evident in the survey data except for low skilled occupations. Neither was the relationship clearly evident in the U.S. Census data for the computer and semiconductor industries, as it was for total U.S. manufacturing. 相似文献
5.
中国上市企业总部的区位分布和集聚特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大企业总部是决策和控制中心,掌握着巨大的资源分配权,其决策将影响到地区甚至国家的发展。因此,大企业总部的数量关系到一个国家和地区的竞争力和影响力,研究大企业总部的分布和集聚有重要的理论和政策意义。本研究考察了截至2011年底中国2320家上市企业总部在城市的分布及集聚特征,有以下主要发现:①中国的上市企业总部分布和总体产业空间格局较为一致,即高度集聚在我国的东部沿海城市,尤其是长三角、珠三角和京津冀地区。②中国的企业总部高度集聚在高行政级别的城市,具体而言即大量集中在首都、直辖市、副省级和省会城市。③北京、上海和深圳是中国企业总部最为集聚的城市,不仅企业总部数量最多,而且企业的规模也最大,尤其是北京拥有超强的掌控力。而且,北京、上海和深圳几乎在所有产业领域都表现出绝对的领先优势。④和国际上发达国家比较,中国的企业总部在空间上的集聚程度较低,东部沿海发达地区的总部数量占全国比重仍在上升,北京、上海和深圳等大城市的上市企业总部数量增长要明显快于全国其他地区,其地位还在进一步强化。⑤企业总部的数量和城市的金融业发展水平、机场条件、经济规模、经济全球化水平、城市的规模等级、行政等级等呈现出高度的正向相关关系。 相似文献
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Aksel Ersoy 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):138-148
This article examines the distribution of the headquarters of top 500 large industrial enterprises in Turkey. It contributes to the knowledge of economic geography by examining regional clusters of headquarters activity in Turkey. As a country, Turkey's corporations have not been extensively analyzed or integrated into the international economic geography literature especially given the fact that headquarters activities in general are important but understudied in the literature of geography. This study therefore extends the corporate literature further in an international dimension, a priority that has been noted as important in the headquarters literature of geography. It argues that not only does the spatial organization of corporations remain important in urban systems but also that they are linked to the dynamics of local and regional economies within developing countries. It shows that various Turkish cities have distinctive internal structures comprising agglomerations of different industries. Although some of these industries are better performing in big cities, the majority of the cities in the top 500 large enterprises list underperform on average. 相似文献
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Martin Perry 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1996,16(2):181-196
The adoption of new organisational structures and methods for controlling subsidiaries is affecting the role and characteristics of regional offices. Since 1986 Singapore's economic strategy has given priority to the attraction of regional offices as part of a wider search for new economic directions. This shift coincided with the emergence of a new Southeast Asian division of labour associated with the adoption of a regional focus in multinational investment and the integration of subsidiary investment. A survey of regional offices awarded “operational headquarters” (OHQ) status by the government shows how changes in corporate structures and the formation of the regional division of labour are influencing regional office activity and organisation. This analysis identifies four types of regional office, of which the largest function as centres of logistics and service support, Barriers to the adoption of corporate control functions amongst Singapore OHQs are explained. 相似文献
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以我国民营企业500强为研究样本,基于2005、2011、2018年企业总部数据和CEO空间经历数据,运用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行空间可视化分析,揭示中国民营企业总部的空间格局特征,并解释了CEO的空间经历与企业总部区位布局之间的地理空间关联。研究发现：(1)我国民营企业500强总部主要分布在长三角、京津冀以及珠三角等沿海3大城市群,呈现高度密集分布特征。(2)我国民营企业500强总部主要集聚在高行政级别的城市,即集中在直辖市、副省级和省会城市。(3)从CEO空间经历与民营企业500强总部布局的地理空间关联来看,CEO的出生地、就学地与企业总部所在地在城市、省域及区域空间尺度上相同的比重较高,关联性显著。其中,CEO最后学历就学地相同数占比均达到30%以上;但不同行业关联性差异明显,制造业CEO最后学历就学地和企业总部位于同一座城市的比重小于其他产业,关联性相对较弱。 相似文献
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Over the last two decades information technology (IT) outsourcing has grown dramatically, and has emerged as a strategic choice for firms searching for ways to control their costs and maintain a competitive edge. The mechanisms driving its growth are not fully understood though. In this research, we employ an approach that focuses on geographic, temporal, and industrial proximity in a mechanism that identifies the process underlying the diffusion of IT outsourcing across firms within the U.S from 2000 to 2010. We focus on the role that firm location plays in the diffusion process, and use space-time clustering techniques from the epidemiology literature to understand the diffusion process. We identify 38 space-time clusters based on IT outsourcing announcement data and the locations of firm headquarters among U.S.-based firms. When supplemented with additional information, such as type of services outsourced, the metropolitan area of the headquarters, and related industry information; the results offer insights into various types of diffusion processes that have been identified in the literature but have not been documented to date in the empirical manner that we have been able to do. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(3):268-281
World-city literature often relies on a priori assumptions rather than quantifiable measures to discern the global urban hierarchy. In search of comparable international indicators, many studies use the corporate headquarters of multinational corporations (MNCs) as primary locational data. Recognizing that MNCs play a dominant role in the global economy, we argue that reliance on headquarters locations alone distorts the contours of the urban hierarchy. The method overstates the importance of urban centers in the developed countries and economies dominated by large corporations; conversely, it underestimates the importance of lower-level circuits of regional communication, transaction centers in developing countries, and cities in less-centralized economies. This bias is not simply a technical matter: it asserts the power of the core economies, while understating the diversity and complexity of global interactions. We propose to include MNC first-level subsidiary locations in a more refined measure of world-city status. 相似文献
11.
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):46-69
This paper examines the geography of institutional stock ownership for 603 major publicly traded companies. Linkages between cities are created using the stockownership levels between headquarters cities of investors and headquarters cities of firms. Both cartographic and statistical methods show that the urban connections describe a highly selective network of high-order urban centers. New York City is the dominant city, followed by Boston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. A simple gravity model, used to test the level of the effect of space on market perfection, explains a substantial portion of the investment-defined network. Differences between the levels of investment by different classes of institutional investors also are revealed. 相似文献
12.
分析了赴香港上市内地企业的空间分布、时间格局、行业格局以及所有制结构特征,并采用计量模型对赴香港上市企业分布格局的影响因素进行探讨。研究表明：赴香港上市的内地企业数量呈现波动式增长,总部主要分布在东部沿海地区,京津冀、长三角以及珠三角地区集聚特征明显;香港成为内地金融和房地产类企业海外上市的主要目的地;赴港上市的国有企业比重不断下降,民营企业逐步成为香港上市企业的主体。回归模型结果显示：赴香港上市企业总部分布受到集聚经济、距离、制度等因素影响,城市的经济规模、金融业发展水平、交通便捷性、信息化与通讯能力越强,到香港距离越近,城市行政级别越高,赴港上市企业则越多;此外,距离因素对民企的影响更为显著,国企的空间分布则主要受制度因素的影响。 相似文献
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A hindcast simulation of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice variability during 1955-2001 has been performed with a global, coarse resolution ice-ocean model driven by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis daily surface air temperatures and winds. Both the mean state and variability of the ice packs over the satellite observing period are reasonably well reproduced by the model. Over the 47-year period, the simulated ice area (defined as the total ice-covered oceanic area) in each hemisphere experiences large decadal variability together with a decreasing trend of Ø1% per decade. In the Southern Hemisphere, this trend is mostly caused by an abrupt retreat of the ice cover during the second half of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. The modelled ice volume also exhibits pronounced decadal variability, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Besides these fluctuations, we detected a downward trend in Arctic ice volume of 1.8% per decade and an upward trend in Antarctic ice volume of 1.5% per decade. However, caution must be exercised when interpreting these trends because of the shortness of the simulation and the strong decadal variations. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments have revealed that the trend in Antarctic ice volume is model-dependent. 相似文献
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遥感与GIS技术在湿地定量研究中的应用趋势分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在充分吸收已有相关研究成果基础上,提出利用RS与GIS技术,全面开展湿地系统定量化研究的思路和框架。重点分析了RS与GIS技术在湿地识别及类型划分、湿地生物量的遥感估测、湿地景观演变的动态分析、湿地评价与湿地保护区建设、湿地管理信息系统等研究中的应用趋势。研究表明,利用遥感与GIS技术可以增强湿地研究的宏观性、动态性、定量性。 相似文献
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在华跨国公司功能区位的时空演化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1979~2012年财富500强外资跨国公司在华投资数据探讨跨国公司功能区位在中国的时空演化趋势及原因。研究表明,跨国公司在中国进行多次连续跟进投资,其功能布局及演化与城市等级及区域经济环境变化高度相关。总部和研发集聚在一线城市,生产和销售分布在省会和周边城市。跨国公司在华区位重心出现显著的变化,早期的功能区位在空间上呈现较明显的错位,研发和总部重心集聚在北京,而生产和销售重心集聚在华南地区,随着区域环境的变化,研发功能重心向南偏移,生产和销售重心向北方转移,各功能重心倾向于从空间上集聚在一起。研究表明,区域格局的变化是影响跨国公司功能区位重心演化的重要原因。 相似文献
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海平面上升与海滩侵蚀 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
世纪性的海平面持续上升，加大了海岸水下斜坡深度，逐渐减小波浪对沉溺古海岸的扰动作用而形成海底的横向供沙减少，却加强激浪对上部海滩的冲刷。逐渐上升的海平面，降低了河流坡降而减少了入海沙量。因此世界海滩普遍出现沙量补给匮乏。海平面上升伴随着厄尔尼诺现象与风暴潮频率的增加，水动力加大。这两者的综合效应，使海滩遭受冲刷，沙坝向陆移动。如按ＩＰＣＣ估计，至２１００年海面上升５０ｃｍ时，中国主要旅游海滨的沙滩将损失现有面积的１３％─６６％。主要对策是海岸防护与海滩人工喂养。 相似文献
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The Mika uranium deposit is of the Central Massif vein-type. The deposit consists of a series of subparallel veins, similar
to Lilljuthatten deposit (Sweden), with variable ore grade. Two main structural trends occur within the vicinity of Mika namely:
(1) vertical N160E-N180E or N-S normal fault trend in which the brecciated granite has been permeated and cemented by silica
ribbons; (2) N130E trend associated with reddish brown hematitized siliceous breccias filling open fractures. The N130E trend
is younger, and it is a local, passive shear trend developed at the bends of the N-S faults. On a microscopic scale, samples
from the N-S trend are rich in crude cubic-tetragonal prismatic crystals of uraninite and/or pitchblende ores occurring in
association with a low-temperature greenschist mineral assemblage of chlorite, epidote, and mica. Conversely, samples from
the N130E trend show widespread kaolinitisation, goethite formation and layering reminiscent of groundwater activity at shallow
depths near the earth’s surface. The main uranium mineral in this zone is yellowish autunite. The model proposed here envisages
that the mineralization was related to two separate processes. A first mineralization episode developed simultaneous with
the greenschist mineral assemblage, and a second episode was related to remobilization and subsequent mineral concentration
in the passive N130E open fractures by groundwater to form autunite. Such a model has far reaching implications for exploration.
Although the secondary minerals along the N130E fractures are more obvious in the field, the potentially economic primary
mineral concentrations may be concealed at greater depth in the N-S structures. 相似文献
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中国流动人口的省际迁移模式、集疏格局与市民化路径 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
系统回顾了中国流动人口的省际变动与集疏格局,包括总体特征与演化趋势,基于迁出地和迁入地属性差异的省际流动人口模式以及基于城市规模的流动人口分布特征,采用趋势分析和马尔科夫链方法预测了中国省际流动人口的空间迁移趋势,由此提出了中国流动人口的市民化路径与建议如下：① 人口的跨区域流动重塑着中国的人口空间格局,东部地区应审慎而稳妥地推进市民化;②积极稳妥地推进中西部地区的城镇化进程,重点推进省内流动人口的就近市民化;③ 不同地区要制定不同的政策,因地制宜地推进市民化进程。 相似文献