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1.
本文用总动能、总有效位能、扰动动能和扰动有效位能四个收支方程计算了1980年4-6月南海南部(0-15°N,100-120°E)夏季风建立前(4月1日-5月9日)和夏季风建立后(5月18日-6月25日)各时段的大气能量收支,并对其结果进行了分析讨论,发现:(1)总动能主要是在制造项G(K)(汇)与耗散项D(K)(源)间达到平衡,夏季风建立后源汇强度值都增大了40%左右。(2)非绝热加热所直接制造的有效位能并不重要,高层总有效位能的水平通量辐合、中低层与总动能间的转换和由于参考气压的变化而引起总有效位能的增减对于总有效位能的收支作用较大,其作用在夏季风建立前后也明显不同。(3)扰动动能同总动能一样主要在制造项G(K)(汇)与耗散项D(K)(源)间平衡。夏季风建立后源汇强度增强。(4)扰动有效位能主要由非绝热加热制造,夏季风建立后制造量增大了16倍多。夏季风建立前,扰动有效位能主要因参考气压的改变而减少;夏季风建立后,扰动有效位能主要被转换为扰动动能和平均有效位能。 相似文献
2.
南海夏季风爆发早晚的经向环流异常的机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南海夏季风爆发与东亚地区的局地经向环流密切相关.本文利用线性局地经向环流诊断模式,定量诊断分析了1979~2003年5月1~15日的局地经向环流及其在夏季风爆发早晚年的差异,分析找出了在该关键时段对经向环流异常有正贡献的主要因子,从而确立影响季风爆发的相应天气过程及贡献机制.结果表明,在季风爆发早年期间,局地经向环流异常呈现为"Hadley环流"形态:上升运动(下沉运动)影响南海中北部(江淮地区),低空非地转南风(北风)影响南海中南部(华南和江南地区).季风爆发晚年的情况则与季风爆发早年相反.对造成经向环流异常的各个因子进行定量分析发现,经向分布不均匀的潜热加热的贡献作用最大,其次是温度平流和西风动量输送过程,与越赤道气流有关的边界效应则对南海中南部的低空南风有一定贡献.相应的天气学分析表明,季风爆发偏早年的副热带高空急流强度偏强且位置偏南,其动量输送过程导致对流层上层出现非地转南风、急流轴南侧(北侧)的华南(华北)地区出现高空辐散(辐合)和低层辐合上升(辐散下沉).与此同时,中纬度西风带扰动的南下和副热带高压脊从南海地区的撤出,中低层温度平流导致华中地区冷却和南海中北部增暖,进一步加强低纬地区上升、中纬地区下沉的经向环流异常.华南地区异常的非地转北风与南海中南部异常的非地转南风,显著加强了南海中北部的低空水汽辐合和对流潜热释放,从而激发出强烈上升运动.由此可见,中低纬天气系统配置能有效调节中国东部及南海地区的潜热加热和冷暖平流的南北分布,从而引起与季风爆发对应的局地经向环流的显著变化. 相似文献
3.
1998年青藏高原东部及其邻近地区大气热源与南海夏季风的关系 总被引：12，自引：12，他引：12
利用 1998年 5 8月南海季风试验期间的站点观测资料及NCEP再分析资料 ,计算了大气热源和水汽汇 ,并分析了南海季风爆发前后季风区对流层温度演变及其热力机制。结果表明 :南海夏季风的爆发与季风区对流层中高层南北温度梯度的逆转密切相关。南北温度梯度最先在孟加拉湾以东季风区发生逆转 ,半个月后在印度半岛及其以西地区逆转。季风爆发前中南半岛北部对流层中高层的迅速增温是由感热和潜热共同造成的 ,而华南及南海北部地区的增温则是由暖平流所致。 5、6月高原东部对流层中高层由非绝热加热造成的显著增温对东亚夏季风的北进和维持是非常重要的。 5、6月高原地区热源以感热为主 ;7、8月感热和潜热共同起作用 相似文献
4.
伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变 总被引：39，自引：11，他引：39
主要基于美国NCEP和NCAR的再分析资料（1980～1996年），针对南海夏季风爆发日期进行合成分析，研究了伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变。其结果清楚地表明伴随南海夏季风爆发，南亚和东南亚地区的对流层低层风场、对流层高层位势高度场以及大气湿度场和垂直运动场都有极显著的变化。南亚和东南亚850 hPa上涡旋对的发展和活动以及500 hPa副高从南海地区的东撤对南海季风爆发起着重要作用。伴随南海夏季风的爆发，在孟加拉湾到南中国海一带整层湿度和500 hPa垂直上升运动都出现了极明显的增加。对流层高层和对流层低层环流演变的特征也清楚表明，南海夏季风爆发既是全球环流冬夏演变的一个部分，又有显著的区域性特征。本文还指出南海夏季风在北部比中部和南部早建立的结论依据不足，进而补充给出了亚洲季风爆发日期示意图。 相似文献
5.
该文采用1998年加密观测资料经同化处理后得到的客观分析格点资料, 对南海地区和孟加拉湾地区的动能收支进行了诊断分析和对比, 得出: B区夏季风爆发, 其850 hPa区域平均总动能表现为爆发性增长, C区则表现为一个逐步增长的过程.越赤道气流通过南边界的动能输送对B区夏季风建立贡献很大, 西边界动能输入对C区夏季风建立也起了十分显著的作用.季风盛行期, B区夏季风动能的发展维持主要是动能水平通量散度的贡献, 其中西边界动能的流入贡献最大, 孟加拉湾夏季风的变化主要为印度季风影响所致; C区夏季风动能主要是依靠其区域内动能制造来维持.对于850 hPa层, B区主要通过斜压过程制造动能, 正压过程破坏更多的动能, C区主要是正压过程制造动能.两区对流层高层都为动能主要流出区, 而对流层低层, B区为动能流入区, C区为动能流出区. 相似文献
6.
利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了春夏过渡季节青减高原非绝热加热和大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的关系.结果表明,过渡季节的早期(5月中旬以前)青藏高原总非绝热加热与感热加热的时间演变曲线趋势一致,感热加热在过渡季节早期的环流演变中有很重要的作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变与北半球环流的季节变化和亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的相关.在过渡季节里,青藏高原非绝热加热的变化引起了海-陆热力差异对比的变化,给亚洲夏季风的爆发建立了有利的背景环境,对亚洲夏季风爆发有明显的影响.结果还表明,用各区域纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异. 相似文献
7.
南海夏季风爆发的一般特征是南亚高压移至中南半岛北部;西太平洋副热带高压连续向东撤出南海地区,移到120°E以东的热带洋面上;高（低）空东北（西南）气流占据南海大部分地区,相应的105°E附近的越赤道气流建立,南海季风槽形成并同时伴有对流降水的发展和温、湿等要素的突变。国家气候中心的监测表明,2007年南海夏季风于5月第5候爆发。该年季风爆发后,虽然源自热带地区的低空西南气流迅速占据南海上空,高空盛行东北气流,且南亚高压西移至中南半岛上空,但对流、高度场以及降水场的突变特征均很不明显,表现为季风爆发后南海上空的对流依然偏弱,副高没有马上撤离南海,同时华南地区的降水量也没有迅速增强。因此,2007年南海夏季风爆发前后大气环流的变化特征具有非典型性。 相似文献
8.
利用1998年南海季风试验(SCSMEX)资料和区域动能收支方程，对南海南部和北部两个区域该年夏季风爆发前后的区域总动能和区域扰动动能收支进行了诊断分析。结果表明，南海北区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层制造，大部分动能被摩擦消耗，南区夏季风爆发前后动能主要在高层被破坏，摩擦项充当动能源。扰动动能主要在高层和部分在低层制造。在此期间，南海地区一直向邻近区域输出动能。 相似文献
9.
应用欧洲中期预报中心的FGGEⅢ-b个客观分析资料计算了1979年7月热带大气的动能平衡。热带环流系统的动能主要集中在定常涡旋部分。对流层下层,105°E和150°E为两半球间瞬变涡旋的通道。对流层上层,瞬变涡旋的通道和洋中槽相联系,位于150°E和30°W附近。 索马里急流是对流层下层制造动能的主要环流系统。对流层上层,南亚东风急流入口区制造动能,出口区破坏动能,其动能收支与中纬度西风急流相似。 非洲-阿拉伯海季风区和孟加拉湾—南海季风区的动能平衡很不相同。动能的垂直输送可能在季风环流中很重要。 相似文献
10.
中国南海夏季风强、弱年多尺度相互作用能量学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国南海夏季风为东亚季风的主要系统之一,其具有多重尺度特征,除季节平均环流场外,低频（季节内振荡）和高频（天气尺度）扰动也十分活跃,各尺度系统存在明显的年际变化。该研究使用ERA-Interim和NCEP/NCAR两套再分析资料,从季风平均动能（MKE）诊断的角度出发,探讨了1979-2010年中国南海夏季风环流年际变化的能量来源及其和扰动场的相互作用过程。结果表明:中国南海夏季风对流活跃年份,中国南海南部（12°N以南）及中南半岛一带为季风平均动能显著增强区,此与南亚季风区西风急流的增强并向东延伸有关;中国南海北部（12°N以北）及西太平洋为气旋性环流盘踞,季风槽加深。中国南海南部季风平均动能增强的能量源自于扰动动量通量与平均环流的相互作用,强季风年,平均环流失去较少的动能给扰动场（亦即平均环流保留较多的动能）。通过进一步探讨高频（<10 d）及低频（10-90 d）扰动场与平均环流不同分量的（散度、涡度、风垂直切变）相互作用过程,发现季风平均动能的增长主要来自于<10 d扰动与季风平均散度和涡度的相互作用。中国南海北部季风槽区季风平均动能的维持来自于大气热源和平均上升运动的相互作用,但同时有较多的季风平均动能向扰动动能转换,有利于扰动的成长。因此,强季风年,中国南海北部热带气旋生成数目增多,夏季北传的季节内振荡也增强,导致中国南部沿海及华南地区出现较多的灾害天气。 相似文献
11.
The evolution of the tropospheric temperature fields over Indian and South China Sea monsoon areas and their thermal mechanisms are compared and analyzed during the period from March to June, 1996. The results show that the onsets of the Indian and South China Sea summer monsoons are closely associated with the seasonal warming in the troposphere over the zonal belt of 10°N～30°N in these areas, which leads to the inversion of meridional temperature gradient. During the pre-onset period, the warming over the South China Sea monsoon region is mainly due to the warm horizontal advection and diabatic (latent) heating processes. Meanwhile, the warming is suppressed by the vertical adiabatic process (cooling). In spring over the Indian monsoon region, the significant adiabatic heating due to the subsidence motion, which compensates the cooling due to the strong cold advection and diabatic cooling processes, results in a larger warming rate than over the South China Sea monsoon region. However, the meridional temperature gradient over the Indian monsoon region is so large during the late winter and early spring that it takes longer time to warm the troposphere to have the reversion of meridional temperature gradient than it does over the South China Sea monsoon region. It results in the phenomenon that the South China Sea summer monsoon generally breaks out earlier than the Indian summer monsoon. 相似文献
12.
南海夏季风爆发的数值预报试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
分析了1986年南海夏季风爆发的环流演变特征,由经向风速剖面图看出,南风首先在中南半岛迅速加强,然后向南海发展,南海夏季风爆发同孟加拉湾低压的发展密切相关。通过地形和非绝热单因子敏感性数值预报试验表明,地形作用和凝结潜热等非绝热作用对南海夏季风的爆发都是很重要的,包含有这两种作用在内的控制试验成功地预报出了南海夏季风爆发的中期演变过程,单独的地形作用或非绝热作用都不能预报出南海夏季风的爆发。 相似文献
13.
亚洲夏季风建立前后对流层温度场演变特征及其热力成因 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对１９９６年亚洲夏季风爆发前后（３～６月）印度及南海季风区对流层温度演变特征及其热力成因作了比较分析。结果表明：印度和南海夏季风的爆发与各季风区对流层中上层南北温差逆转密切相关,而南北温差逆转是由１０～３０°Ｎ之间纬度带对流层的季节性增暖引起的。夏季风爆发前期,南海季风区的增温主要由暖平流及非绝热加热过程（主要为凝结潜热）共同作用所致。春季在印度季风区大陆上空存在显著的下沉绝热增温,使得对流层中上层的增温率比华南大陆及邻近地区上空的增温率显著得多。但印度季风区冬末春初的南北温差（南暖北冷）也非常明显,以至该地区对流层中上层增暖到引起南北温差发生逆转的时间较迟,而南海季风区对流层中层南北温差发生逆转的时间相对要早,因而印度夏季风比南海夏季风迟爆发。 相似文献
14.
海洋性大陆核心区域非绝热加热年代际变化及其与东亚夏季风变异的可能联系 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
海洋性大陆区域是太平洋和印度洋通过“大气桥”发生相互作用的区域,也是亚洲季风和澳洲季风相互作用的重要地区。利用1979—2012年的NCEP/NCAR、CMAP月平均资料和合成分析等方法,研究了海洋性大陆核心区域非绝热加热年代际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风的可能联系。海洋性大陆地区气候变动在95~145 °E,10 °S~10 °N区域尤为显著,记此区域为海洋性大陆核心区域（即KMC区域）。不考虑大气中潜热释放时,KMC区域的非绝热加热率在1979—2012年之间存在显著的年代际变化,加热作用由弱增强,在1980年代末期达到峰值后,即转为减弱阶段。对非绝热加热异常各分量的分析发现,在KMC区域,表面潜热和净大气长波辐射起主要作用。当非绝热加热负异常时,KMC区域的陆地降水偏多,海洋上降水偏少,赤道上存在气流辐合。在115~120 °E区间平均的经圈剖面上,气流在赤道地区上升、南海下沉、30 °N处上升,构成了异常的垂直环流圈。水汽从孟加拉湾、南海地区向中国东部输送,利于产生降水正异常。东亚剖面上的经圈环流在联系KMC区域非绝热加热和东亚夏季风异常的年代际变化中起重要作用。 相似文献
15.
The Maritime Continent(MC) is an important region where the Tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean interact with each other via "the atmospheric bridge" and a key region for the interaction between the Asian and Australian monsoons. Using the NCEP/NCAR and CMAP monthly mean reanalysis over the period of 1979-2012, the interdecadal variations of diabatic forcing over the key region of the Maritime Continent and its possible relations with the East Asian summer monsoon have been investigated in the present paper. Our results show that climate variations in the Maritime Continent is particularly significant in the area of 95-145°E, 10°S-10°N, which is thus defined as the key area of the MC(i.e., KMC area). Without the input of latent heat release in the atmosphere, distinct interdecadal change of diabatic heating is found to exist from 1979 to 2012; it intensified before 1980 s and peaked in the late 1980 s and weakened after this period. By analyzing each individual component that contributes to the diabatic heating in the KMC area, surface latent heat flux and net long-wave radiation in the atmosphere are found to be the two dominant components. With negative diabatic heating anomalies over KMC, there will be more precipitation on islands and less precipitation over sea, and more rainfall around the equator, which is in correspondence with the convergence center around the equator in the KMC area. Along the meridional-vertical section averaged between 115-120 ° E, the well-defined vertical circulation anomalies are observed with the ascending branches over KMC and the area around 30°N respectively, and the descending branch over the South China Sea. Water vapor transports from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to eastern China to benefit the positive precipitation anomalies. The meridional-vertical circulation in East Asia plays a critical role in linking the interdecadal variability of diabatic heating over the KMC and East Asian summer monsoon anomalies. 相似文献
16.
Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The summer monsoon onset(retreat) date is defined as the time when the mean zonal wind at 850 hPa shifts steadily from easterly(westerly) to westerly(easterly) and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at the same level remains steady at greater than 335 K(less than 335 K) in the South China Sea area[110-120°E(10-20°N)].The clockwise vortex of the equatorial Indian Ocean region,together with the cross-equatorial flow and the subtropical high,plays a decisive role in the burst of the SCSSM.The onset date of the SCSSM is closely related to its intensity.With late(early) onset of the summer monsoon,its intensity is relatively strong(weak),and the zonal wind undergoes an early(late) abrupt change in the upper troposphere.Climate warming significantly affects the onset and retreat dates of the SCSSM and its intensity.With climate warming,the number of early-onset(-retreat) years of the SCSSM is clearly greater(less),and the SCSSM is clearly weakened. 相似文献
17.
In terms of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3),the effect of the Indian Peninsulaon the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon is simulated in this paper,and numericalexperimental results show that the Indian Peninsula plays a critical role in the establishmentprocess of the Asian tropical summer monsoon.When the CCM3 includes the Indian Peninsula,the model successfully simulates out the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon,i.e.theSouth China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon at first bursts in middle May,while the Indian monsoonjust establishes until middle June.However when the Indian Peninsula topography is deleted in themodel,the Indian and SCS summer monsoons almost simultaneously establish in late May.Numerical results further indicate that in the former experiment the sensible heating of the IndianPeninsula warms the air above and produces evident temperature contrast between the peninsulaand its adjacent SCS and Bay of Bengal (BOB).which results in the strengthening and maintenanceof the BOB trough in the low-middle layer of the troposphere in the end of spring and early summerand thus the earliest establishment of the Asian tropical summer monsoon in the SCS in middleMay.However,the Indian summer monsoon just establishes until middle June when the strongwest wind over the Arabian Sea shifts northwards and cancels out the influence of the northwestflow behind the BOB trough.In the latter experiment the effect of Tibetan Plateau only produces avery weak BOB trough,and thus the SCS and Indian summer monsoons almost simultaneouslyestablish. 相似文献
18.
In terms of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3),the effect of the Indian Peninsula on the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon is simulated in this paper,and numerical experimental results show that the Indian Peninsula plays a critical role in the establishment process of the Asian tropical summer monsoon.When the CCM3 includes the Indian Peninsula,the model successfully simulates out the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon,i.e.the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon at first bursts in middle May,while the Indian monsoon just establishes until middle June.However when the Indian Peninsula topography is deleted in the model,the Indian and SCS summer monsoons almost simultaneously establish in late May.Numerical results further indicate that in the former experiment the sensible heating of the Indian Peninsula warms the air above and produces evident temperature contrast between the peninsula and its adjacent SCS and Bay of Bengal (BOB).which results in the strengthening and maintenance of the BOB trough in the low-middle layer of the troposphere in the end of spring and early summer and thus the earliest establishment of the Asian tropical summer monsoon in the SCS in middle May.However,the Indian summer monsoon just establishes until middle June when the strong west wind over the Arabian Sea shifts northwards and cancels out the influence of the northwest flow behind the BOB trough.In the latter experiment the effect of Tibetan Plateau only produces a very weak BOB trough,and thus the SCS and Indian summer monsoons almost simultaneously establish. 相似文献
19.
By using the 40-year NCEP (1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data, we analyzed the
inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. The
results are as follows. (1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the
first two decades and the last two decades. It was late on the 6th pentad of May for the first two decades and was
on the 4th and 5th pentad of May for the next two decades. (2) Except for the third decade (1978-1987), the
establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all
other three decades. (3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward
advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The four-decade analysis shows that there
were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of
May, but there was great difference between its eastward movement and its onset intensity. These may have
important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon. (4) During the onset of the SCS summer
monsoon, there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next
two decades. At the lower troposphere of the first two decades, the Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the
center of the subtropical high was located more eastward. At the upper troposphere, the northward movement of
the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the Indo-China Peninsula.
After comparison, we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon. 相似文献