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1.
南海及邻近海域大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统研制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文主要介绍了南海及邻近海域大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统的研制概况。预报区域为99°E~135°E,15°S~45°N,包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海及其周边海域。为了给耦合预报模式提供较准确的预报初始场,在预报开始之前,分别进行了海浪模式和海洋模式的前24小时同化后报模拟。海浪模式和海洋模式都采用了集合调整Kalman滤波同化方法,海浪模式同化了Jason-2有效波高数据;海洋模式同化了SST数据、MADT数据和ARGO剖面数据。为了改进海洋温度和盐度的模拟,我们在海洋模式的垂向混合方案中引入波致混合和内波致混合的作用。预报系统的运行主要包括两个阶段,首先海浪模式和海洋模式进行了2014年1月至2015年10月底的同化后报模拟,强迫场源自欧洲气象中心的六小时的再分析数据产品。然后耦合预报系统将同化后报模拟的结果作为初始场进行了14个月的耦合预报。预报产品包括大气产品（气温、风速风向、气压等）、海浪产品（有效波高和波向等）、海流产品（温度、盐度和海流等）。一系列观测资料的检验比较表明该大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统的预报结果较为可靠,可以为南海及周边海洋资源开发和安全保障提供数据和信息产品服务。 相似文献
2.
利用国家气候中心新一代全球大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.0.1,考虑了初值协调性对模式数值积分结果的影响,进行了两组数值回报试验(简称S1,S2),对27年(1980～2006年)的夏季基本气候态进行了对比分析,并考察了该模式对夏季气候的回报技巧。使用交叉检验的方法,计算了对模式结果的评估参数值,包括时间和空间距平相关系数,对该模式性能进行了评估和检验。结果表明,BCC_AGCM2.0.1对季节尺度的大气环流场具有良好的模拟性能,模式基本上再现了观测位势高度场、温度场、流场的分布特征以及大尺度降水分布特征。500 hPa位势高度、温度空间距平相关系数对比表明,平均而言,500 hPa位势高度、温度的空间距平相关性,热带区域(30°S～30°N)高于东亚区域(0°～60°N,60°E～150°E)和全球区域。回报与观测的降水距平百分率相关系数分布对比表明,试验S2在我国江淮地区及南方地区的回报技巧要明显优于S1。 相似文献
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本文使用基于热成风速度的涡旋识别拓展方法,通过海表面温度数据对黑潮延伸体区域50~100 km涡旋进行研究,发现50~100 km涡旋主要分布在黑潮延伸体流轴两侧,气旋涡和反气旋涡的寿命、半径分布具有一致性。气旋涡多出现在35°N以北,反气旋涡在35°N以南比较集中,与尺度较小的中尺度涡旋分布特征较为相似。冬夏两季涡旋地理分布存在一定差异,主要与不同季节该区域海表温度梯度及风应力旋度的变化有关。35°N以南50~100 km涡旋数量的季节性变化与风速大小的季节性变化存在明显的正相关性。35°N以南50~100 km涡旋三倍半径内风速异常和风应力旋度归一化表明,气旋涡对应风速负异常而反气旋涡对应风速正异常,反气旋涡的产生依赖于风应力负旋度,气旋涡的生成与风应力正旋度有关。 相似文献
4.
根据2018年4月(春季,绿潮前期)和7月(夏季,绿潮后期) 南黄海营养盐、温度、盐度等水文参数及每日绿潮卫星监测数据,深入分析2018年绿潮的发展规律与营养盐结构特征之间的关系。结果表明：4月25在江苏南通外海首次发现浒苔绿潮,8月中旬在山东半岛近海消亡,其发展区域集中在122°E以西近海,且快速增殖阶段处在35°N以南江苏近海。各组分的营养盐浓度受沿岸径流、冷水团及生物作用等因素影响,均呈现江苏近海高外海以及北部低的特征。对比绿潮发展和营养盐分布呈现3个明显的绿潮−营养盐特征区域：高营养盐−绿潮快速发展区域(35°N以南,122°E 以西,江苏近海);低营养盐−绿潮消亡区域(35°N以北,122°E 以西,山东半岛外海域)及122°E以东外海无绿潮区域。不同特征区营养盐变化表明,江苏近岸较高的营养盐含量(${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N>6.5 μmol/L, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P>0.27 μmol/L)和丰富来源是浒苔萌发和绿潮快速发展的重要物质基础,为绿潮发展提供了主要的氮、磷生源要素。北部山东半岛南外海较低的营养盐水平(7月,DIN<2 μmol/L, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P<0.03 μmol/L)是限制绿潮继续发展的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
扇形波束旋转扫描散射计（RFSCAT）是约十年前才被提出来的一种新型星载微波散射计。与其它旋转扫描散射计类似,其星下点附近区域和刈幅边缘区域的风场反演误差相对较大。在本文设定的参数条件下,RFSCAT散射计刈幅边缘区域的风向反演精度相对于轨道中间区域降低了约9°。针对这一问题,本文为RFSCAT散射计提出了一种改进的风矢量反演算法。新算法的主要特征是,根据风向反演偏差直方图,在整个刈幅区域内,对模糊解风向取值区间进行自适应扩展,以获取并保留更多可能风向解。利用模拟的100条轨道的L2A数据,对新算法进行反演验证。实验结果证明,新算法能够有效改善RFSCAT散射计星下点附近区域和轨道刈幅边缘区域的风向反演精度。星下点和刈幅边缘上的风矢量单元的风向反演精度相对于标准的MLE算法分别提高了1.6°和9°。 相似文献
6.
海洋的湍粘性系数和湍扩散系数是研究海洋动量传输、热扩散和物质扩散的物理基础,是海洋模式的重要参数。北冰洋是海冰覆盖的海洋,其湍粘性系数和湍扩散系数与其他大洋有显著不同。本文以Pacanowski＆Philander的参数化方案为基础,采用二次北极科考的连续观测冰站和单次观测冰站的资料,定量计算了加拿大海盆74°N-78°N,144°W-164°W区域冰下60 m以浅的垂向湍粘性系数v和湍扩散系数kT,并分3个区域比较。结果表明：v和kT的垂向分布具有较好的一致性,表层和60 m处量值较大,中间较小;区域的不同主要体现在24 m以浅。 相似文献
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8.
在南黄海某一典型的砂质海底区域,采用全向性声源和全向性接收水听器开展了频率范围为6-24 kHz的海底反向声散射测量。测量结果表明,在避免海面散射干扰并满足远场条件的情况下,本次实验获得了掠射角范围为18~80°的海底反向声散射强度,其数值为-41.1~24.4 dB。在有效掠射角范围内,声散射强度总体上随掠射角的增大呈现出增大趋势,但对于不同的频率,其变化趋势有所不同,反映出不同的散射机理。在20°、40°和60°掠射角处,在6-24 kHz的频率范围内反向声散射强度总体上呈现出正相关的频率依赖性,其线性相关斜率分别为0.2229 dB/kHz、0.5130 dB/kHz、0.1746 dB/kHz。在最大掠射角80°处,反向声散射强度未呈现出明显的频率相关性。 相似文献
9.
为了研究欧洲北海海域的波高全区域概率分布情况,从而为海洋平台等海洋浮式结构物的选址和结构设计提供依据。首先基于Global Waves Statistics(GWS)提供的实测数据,确定典型计算工况的发生概率;同时考虑实测数据中极端波浪环境下的数据缺失导致大波高分布概率偏小的问题,利用三参数Weibull分布确定不同重现期下的极值风速,作为典型计算工况的补充。以不同风速、风向的定常风场为输入项,利用第三代海浪数值模型SWAN模型,对北海全区域波高进行数值模拟。将数值模拟的稳态形式依照各工况的发生概率进行归一化累加处理,认为其结果可以表征全区域的波高概率分布情况。以波高概率分布的计算结果为依据,分析北海海域波浪环境的统计学特征,发现有效波高为7 m以上的大波高频发区在北海北部区域有大范围分布;有效波高4～5 m为北海东北区域的多发海况,极端海况下的有效波高主要分布于7～14 m区间,在地形突变区域的波高发生显著变化。 相似文献
10.
1983 El Nino盛期洋面的热量平衡 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文利用1983年1月份(1982/83年埃尔尼诺最强时期)的海、气资料,对35°N-35°S、45°E-75°W的印度洋、太平洋海域获得的净辐射、海洋向大气传输的潜热、感热通量及获得的净热量作了计算,计算结果表明,冬半球的潜热、感热向上输送大于夏半球,南半球热带中太平洋感热由大气传给海洋,但数值较小;东太平洋大气获得的潜热通量比常年平均值小.净辐射基本上呈纬向分布,云量对其影响很大,海表面温度(SST)和净辐射有很好相关关系,高SST区与净辐射低值区对应,E1 Nino期间的SST异常使得中太平洋海域洋面获得的净辐射减少,而该处洋面上大气获得的潜热通量则较多,故海洋净获得热量减少.净热量平衡,冬半球海洋一般为大气的能源,夏半球为大气的能汇. 相似文献
11.
本文应用一个经验证的全球尺度FVCOM海浪模型,模拟了2012年全球海洋海浪场的分布和演变,分析了海表面风场、海浪场与混合层深度的全球尺度分布及相关性。综合观测资料和模型结果显示,海表面10 m风速、有效波高与混合层深度的全球尺度分布随季节发生显著的变化,并且其分布态势存在明显的相似性。从相关系数的全球分布来看,海表面10 m风速在印度洋低纬度海区（纬度0°~20°）与混合层深度间有较强的相关性,相关系数大于0.5;有效波高与混合层深度间相关系数大于0.5的网格分布在北半球高纬度海区和印度洋北部。谱峰周期与混合层深度间在部分海区存在负相关关系,这些网格主要分布在低纬度海区（纬度0°~30°）。统计结果显示,有效波高、海表面10 m风速和谱峰周期与混合层深度间的平均相关系数分别为0.31、0.25和0.12。综合以上结果表明,有效波高较谱峰周期能更有效地表征波浪能对海洋上层混合的影响;相比于海表面风速,有效波高与混合层深度间存在更强的相关关系,其变化对海洋上层混合有更显著的影响。 相似文献
12.
V. G. Polnikov V. I. Dymov T. A. Pasechnik I. V. Lavrenov Z. K. Abuzyarov S. A. Sannasiraj 《Oceanology》2008,48(1):7-14
With the purpose of revealing the actual advantages of the new source function that was earlier proposed in [5] for use in numerical wind wave models, its testing and verification was carried out by means of modification of the WAM (Cycle-4) model. The verification was performed on the basis of a comparison of the results of wave simulation for a given wind field with the buoy observation data obtained in three oceanic regions. In the Barents Sea, this kind of comparison was made for wave observations from a single buoy with an interval of 6 hours for a period of 3 years. In two regions of the North Atlantic, the comparison was performed for 3 buoys in both regions for observation periods of 30 days with an interval of 1 hour. Estimations of the simulation accuracy were obtained for a series of wind wave parameters, and they were compared with the original and modified WAM model. Advantages of the modified model consisting of the enhancement of the calculation speed by 20–25% and a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the simulation accuracy for the significant wave height and the mean period were proved. 相似文献
13.
Amal C. Phadke Christopher D. Martino Kwok Fai Cheung Samuel H. Houston 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(4):5039-578
This paper compares three commonly used parametric models of tropical cyclone winds and evaluates their application in the wave model WAM. The parametric models provide surface wind fields based on best tracks of tropical cyclones and WAM simulates wave growth based on the wind energy input. The model package is applied to hindcast the wind and wave conditions of Hurricane Iniki, which directly hit the Hawaiian Island of Kauai in 1992. The parametric wind fields are evaluated against buoy and aircraft measurements made during the storm. A sensitivity analysis determines the spatial and spectral resolution needed to model the wave field of Hurricane Iniki. Comparisons of the modeled waves with buoy measurements indicate good agreement within the core of the storm and demonstrate the capability of the model package as a forecasting tool for emergency management. 相似文献
14.
《海洋技术学报》2023,(2)
本文基于唐山近海海域1#、2#浮标2017年4月至11 月实时海浪观测数据及部分风速风向数据, 对唐山近海海域波浪有效波高、有效波向、有效波周期等波参数特征进行了统计分析, 并利用origin 软件对波参数与风速、风向相关性进行了研究。研究结果表明： 1#、2# 浮标海域常浪向为SSW、SW、SSE, 常浪向有效波高均以0.2 ～ 0.4 m 小浪及3 ～ 4 s 短周期为主,有效波高1 m 以上较大波浪极少出现; 该海域波浪以风浪为主, 波浪破碎速度较快, 有效波高与风速相关性较强, 相关系数r 为0.71, 风向与波向、有效波高与周期基本无相关性, 该研究资料可为海上活动及防灾减灾提供技术依据。 相似文献
15.
A method to predict typhoon waves 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yang Chuncheng Dai Mingrui Gao Zhihu Cheng Zhan Xu Fuxiang Liu Yu Li Fengjin Li Jie Su Dongfu Zhang Dacuo Xu Qichun 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(2):167-180
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16.
Gaofen-3(GF-3), a Chinese civil synthetic aperture radar(SAR) at C-band, has operated since August 2016.Remarkably, several typhoons have been captured by GF-3 around the China Seas over its last two-year mission.In this study, six images acquired in Global Observation(GLO) and Wide ScanSAR(WSC) modes at verticalvertical(VV) polarization channel are discussed. This work focuses on investigating the observation of rainfall using GF-3 SAR. These images were collocated with winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF), significant wave height simulated from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) model, sea surface currents from climate forecast system version 2(CFSv2) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) and rain rate data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) satellite. Sea surface roughness,was compared with the normalized radar cross section(NRCS) from SAR observations, and indicated a 0.8 correlation(COR). We analyzed the dependences of the difference between model-simulated NRCS and SARmeasured NRCS on the TRMM rain rate and WW3-simulated significant wave height. It was found that the effects of rain on SAR damps the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 15° to 30°, while it enhances the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 30° to 45° and incidence angles smaller than 10°. This behavior is consistent with previous studies and an algorithm for rain rate retrieval is anticipated for GF-3 SAR. 相似文献
17.
Within the EU-funded project HIPOCAS (Hindcast of Dynamic Processes of the Ocean and Coastal Area of Europe), high-resolution wave hindcasts were performed for the period 1958–2001 over the Eastern Mediterranean. The state-of-the-art WAM model was used for producing the 44-year wave data set. The wave model was driven by wind data generated from the regional atmospheric model REMO. The WAM model outputs of significant wave height were validated against in-situ measurements and satellite data. The model results show a good agreement with observations. The homogeneous wave data set produced by the model was then used for a study of long-term variability and climatic trends in the region. 相似文献
18.
JUN Ki Cheon JEONG Weon Mu CHOI Jin Yong PARK Kwang Soon JUNG Kyung Tae KIM Mee Kyung CHAE Jang Won QIAO Fangli 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):19-28
Record-breaking high waves occurred during the passage of the typhoon Bolaven (1215) (TYB) in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) although its intensity did not reach the level of a super typhoon. Winds and directional wave measurements were made using a range of in-situ instruments mounted on an ocean tower and buoys. In order to understand how such high waves with long duration occurred, analyses have been made through measurement and numerical simulations. TYB winds were generated using the TC96 typhoon wind model with the best track data calibrated with the measurements. And then the wind fields were blended with the reanalyzed synoptic-scale wind fields for a wave model. Wave fields were simulated using WAM4.5 with adjustment of Cd for gust of winds and bottom friction for the study area. Thus the accuracy of simulations is considerably enhanced, and the computed results are also in better agreement with measured data than before. It is found that the extremely high waves evolved as a result of the superposition of distant large swells and high wind seas generated by strong winds from the front/right quadrant of the typhoon track. As the typhoon moved at a speed a little slower than the dominant wave group velocity in a consistent direction for two days, the wave growth was significantly enhanced by strong wind input in an extended fetch and non-linear interaction. 相似文献
19.
1988—2009年中国海波候、风候统计分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用高精度、高时空分辨率、长时间序列的CCMP(Cross-Calibrated,Multi-Platform)风场,驱动国际先进的第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ(WW3),得到中国海1988年1月～2009年12月的海浪场。对中国海的波候(风候)进行精细化的统计分析,分析了海表风场和浪场的季节特征、极值风速与极值波高、风力等级频率和浪级频率、海表风速和波高的逐年变化趋势,结果显示:(1)中国海的海浪场与海表风场具有较好的一致性,尤其是在DJF(December,January,February)期间;海表风速和波高在MAM(March,April,May)期间为全年最低,在DJF期间达到全年最大;MAM和JJA(June,July,August)期间,中国海大部分海域的波周期在3～5.5s,SON(September,October,November)和DJF期间为4.5～6.5s。(2)中国海极值风速、极值波高的大值区分布于渤海中部海域、琉球群岛附近海域和台湾以东广阔洋面、台湾海峡、东沙群岛附近海域、北部湾海域、中沙群岛南部海域。(3)吕宋海峡在MAM、SON、DJF期间均为6级以上大风和4m以上大浪的相对高频海域,JJA期间,6级以上大风的高频海域位于中国南半岛东南部海域,4m以上大浪主要出现在10°N以北。(4)在近22a期间,中国海大部分海域的海表风速、有效波高呈显著性逐年线性递增趋势,风速递增趋势约0.06～0.15m.s-1.a-1,波高递增趋势约0.005～0.03m.a-1。 相似文献
20.
Anisotropy of wind and wave regimes in the Baltic proper 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tarmo Soomere 《Journal of Sea Research》2003,49(4):305
The directional distribution of moderate and strong winds in the Baltic Sea region is shown to be strongly anisotropic. The dominating wind direction is south-west and a secondary peak corresponds to north winds. North-west storms are relatively infrequent and north-east storms are extremely rare. Angular distribution of extreme wind speed also has a two-peaked shape with maxima corresponding to south-west and north winds, and a deep minimum for easterly winds. The primary properties of the anisotropy such as prevailing winds, frequency of their occurrence, directional distribution of mean and maximum wind speeds coincide on both sides of the Baltic proper. The specific wind regime penetrates neither into the mainland nor into the Gulf of Finland or the Gulf of Riga.Properties of the saturated wave field in the neighbourhood of proposed sites of the Saaremaa (Ösel) deep harbour are analysed on the basis of the wave model WAM forced by steady winds. The directional distribution of wave heights in typical and extreme storms is highly anisotropic. Remarkable wave height anomalies may occur in the neighbourhood of the harbour sites. 相似文献