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1.
盆地的形成和充填过程模拟──以拉伸盆地为例 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
沉积盆地定量动力学模拟和分析是目前地学领域的一个研究热点。文中建立的拉伸盆地模拟系统可模拟拉伸盆地的沉降过程、估算盆地的拉伸量、分析盆地深部结构和热流背景;动态模拟盆地的充填过程及预测层序格架和沉积体系域的分布样式。沉降和热史模拟结合了二维的回剥法和简单或纯剪切的盆地形成模型。盆地充填模型综合考虑了盆地的构造沉降、均衡作用。沉积物供给。海（湖）平面变化等对盆地充填过程的控制作用。对莺、琼盆地模拟分析揭示了盆地的幕式拉伸过程和深部热演化;层序模拟提示了盆地沉降。海平面变化等对盆地充填演化的控制作用。 相似文献
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二维沉积层序计算机模拟研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
本项研究建立了综合性的二维沉积层序模拟系统SSMS。该模拟系统由盆地的沉降过程模拟与盆地充填过程模拟两个子系统构成。盆地的沉降模拟结合了反演的沉降回剥和盆地形成的正演模型;盆地充填过程模拟综合考虑了盆地沉降、重力均衡作用、海（湖）平面升降、沉积物供给、侵蚀作用、沉积物分布和压实等因素。结合实例分析表明,该模拟系统可用于定量分析盆地构造、海（湖）平面、沉积物供给等变化对沉积层序的形成过程、几何形态及其沉积体系分布的控制作用,检验地质模型和进行预测。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了前陆盆地层序地层学的研究现状及急待解决的问题。前陆盆地层序地层学是将层序地层学的理论应用于构造活动区盆地分析的一个特例；前陆盆地二级构造层序代表了盆地不同成盆期的产物；前陆盆地的三级构造层序的成因并非受全球统一海平面变化控制，而与盆缘造山带的区域构造活动、盆内沉积作用和相对海平面变化的联合作用有关，是一个成盆期不同发育阶段的产物；前陆盆地地层的层序反映了前陆盆地构造演化史为一个多旋回的沉积－构造演化史。 相似文献
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层序地层作为沉积盆地识别标志的研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
论文以盆地充填动力学为指导，从层序界面与盆山转换、层序级别与盆地规模、层序格架与盆地类型、层序充填与盆地演化四方面，对层序与盆地的关系进行了初步研究，结果表明层序作为盆地的识别标志主要包括：1）不同成因类型和规模级别的界面作为划分相应成因级别层序的重要标志，他们反映地壳演化过程中的动力转换事件，其中超级、I级、Ⅱ级界面分别反映盆地域之间、盆地之间、盆山之间的应力转换机制，Ⅲ-Ⅳ级界面揭示了构造、海平面、气候、物源联合引起的盆地容纳空间和沉积机制的转变过程；2）作为板间、板缘、板内过程的沉积记录，层序与盆地之间存在特定的耦合关系：超级层序相当于沉积盆地域，I级层序相当于沉积盆地，Ⅱ级层序对应于盆地构造沉积幕，Ⅲ级层序对应于盆地充填幕，Ⅳ-Ⅴ级层序相当于盆地充填韵律；3）不同成因沉积盆地，层序成因格架及内部构型各异，因而根据层序特征研究，可判识盆地成因属性；4）在盆地演化的不同阶段，盆地性质、构造特征、沉积格局存在差异，所形成的层序构型、界面属性及组合特征等亦不同，因而通过层序充填序列的研究，可揭示盆地演化过程。 相似文献
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晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。 相似文献
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新生代以来南中国海的多幕旋回运动形成了其北部陆坡性质各异、演化有别的多个陆缘沉积盆地。依据各盆地新生界发育特征、主干地震剖面及钻井资料对南海北部的相对海平面变化与沉积环境进行系统分析,采用年代地层对比的方法探讨南海北部构造演化序列与海陆变迁规律的内在联系,再现了南海北部陆缘新生代的海陆变迁过程,从而建立了南海北部陆缘裂谷盆地、走滑拉分盆地和陆内裂谷盆地的构造—沉积充填一体化模式。新生代海平面整体呈上升趋势,古近纪各盆地以陆相河流、粗粒三角洲湖相沉积为主;而新近纪主要发育滨浅海及三角洲相,呈现出明显的早陆后海的规律。靠近陆地一侧的陆内裂谷盆地北部湾盆地海侵最晚,其古近系充填厚度明显大于新近系,以发育近源扇三角洲为特色;而靠近海域一侧的走滑拉分盆地(莺歌海盆地)则以新近纪海相沉积占优势;陆缘裂谷盆地(琼东南与珠江口盆地)古近纪陆相与新近纪海相相对均衡发育,发育大型三角洲与碳酸盐岩台地。不同盆地的沉积充填特征主要受构造运动与海侵规模控制,并由此奠定了不同盆地的资源前景。 相似文献
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陆相断陷湖盆T-R旋回沉积层序与研究实例 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
陆相断陷湖盆的沉降机理、湖盆形态等均有别于其它类型的沉积盆地,因此,沉积层序的内部构成及层序边界发育特征也不同。在这种湖盆中,不适合于直接套用“Vail学派”的被动大陆边缘型盆地的层序地层学模式,但其基本原理仍可应用。以东濮断陷盆地为例,分析了盆内构造－沉积旋回之内的湖进－湖退（T－R）旋回沉积层序,这种层序由湖进体系域（LTS）与湖退体系域（LRST）组成。LRST中发育有各种不同类型的储集砂体。由于断陷湖盆的边缘坡度陡峭,以及湖平面升降幅度有限,因此,叠加于构造－沉积族目之上的更高频T－R旋回层序缺乏Ｉ型层序边界,控制T－R旋回发育的主要因素是区内构造（断层）的幕式活动,而更高频的T－R旋回的形成则与米兰柯维奇气候旋回相关联。 相似文献
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简要介绍了地层地量模拟的基本思路和方法，阐述了模型的主要输入参数，约束条件和模拟过程，最后列举了３个模拟实例。地层定量模拟是沉积盆地模拟的重要组成部分，它可用于分析盆地内沉积体系和沉积相带的形成规律，地层展布型式以及沉积相序的发育规律等与海平面变化和盆地沉降之间的关系，是近年来新兴的一个研究方向。 相似文献
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Climate‐modulated sequence development in a tropical rift basin during the Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene super greenhouse Earth 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sequence developments in rift basins are considered to be influenced largely by tectonics and to a lesser extent by eustatic sea‐level and climate. Studies indicate that in passive margin basins, climate can mask the effects of tectonics and eustasy by modulating the sediment supply. It is, however, less understood how the sedimentary sequence in rift basins might respond to strong climatic fluctuations where tectonic pulses generate rapid accommodation space. Here a case study has been provided to assess the effect of climate vis à vis sea‐level and tectonics on sequence development in the Cambay rift basin, western India, during the Early Palaeogene (Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene) super greenhouse globe. Facies analysis of this shale–lignite sequence suggests deposition in a lagoon/bay, developed over the Deccan Trap basement. Detailed sequence stratigraphic analysis using basin‐wide representative composite sections, marker lignite seam, event bed and high‐resolution carbon isotope (δ13C) chemostratigraphy suggest an overall transgressive motif. Among the three prominent Early Eocene eustatic highstands, only the one at ca 53·7 Ma is expressed by the thickest coal accumulation throughout the basin. Expression of the other sequence stratigraphic surfaces is subdued and can be due to the overall finer grain size of the sediment or local variation in the subsidence rate at different fault‐controlled mini‐basins. Enigmatic presence of a maximum flooding surface coinciding with the 53·7 Ma climate event (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2), manifested by negative carbon isotope excursion, indicates possible influence of climate over and above tectonics in developing the rift sequence. Qualitative rainfall variation assessed using the magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion and pollen abundance show that a relatively dry/low precipitation climatic phase during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 hindered the siliclastic supply to the basin. Thus, it has been inferred that climate‐induced high siliciclastic supply possibly enhanced the autocyclic reorganization and hindered the development of the key sequence stratigraphic surfaces across the basin during climate extremes. 相似文献
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南海北部莺歌海—琼东南盆地晚第三纪层序地层与海平面变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
莺歌海—琼东南盆地自晚第三纪海侵以来 ,可划分出 3个二级层序和 1 3个三级层序 ,利用生物化石 (主要为浮游有孔虫 )基准面确定层序的界面年龄值 ,自上而下分别为 1 .9Ma、2 .2Ma、 2 .8Ma、 3 .4 Ma、 5.1 Ma、 6.0 Ma、 1 0 .2 Ma、 1 2 .6Ma、 1 5.2 Ma、 1 9.6Ma、 2 1 .0 Ma、2 3 .7Ma、 2 5.5Ma、 3 0 Ma。通过各层序沉积期的环境演变 ,探讨了海平面变化的周期性 ,并与同时代的全球海平面旋回作了对比。本区最高海平面时期为早上新世 ,即相当于浮游有孔虫N1 9带至 N2 1 带下部 ,其次为中中新世早期 ,相当于浮游有孔虫 N9至 N1 2 带。 相似文献
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论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建造单元 总被引：45，自引：4，他引：45
层序地层分析为当代沉积学的重大进展领域和研究热点,主要来自北美边缘海盆地的经验不能简单的用于性质极不相同的、在我国占重要比例的内陆盆地和近海盆地。为此本文从更广泛意义上讨论了层序地层单元和各级建造块的地质涵意,并以在我国不同类型板内盆地中的实践进行了论证,提出了在我国进一步开展层序地层分析的主要问题。 相似文献
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The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea(SCS)controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins.Under the control of the opening process of the SCS,the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west,and early in the south and late in the north.The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin(TXNB)of the eastern SCS,while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin(YGHB)of the western SCS.International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expeditions(Expeditions 367/368)revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma,which was the initial opening time of the SCS.The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin(approximately 23 Ma),which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS.The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies,marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins.The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west,which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west.Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes.These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS.Carbonate platforms form another type of"selfgenerating and self-accumulating"oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS.The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources.The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes. 相似文献
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Zhongxian Zhao Zhen Sun Haibo Huang Longtao Sun 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1019-1035
ABSTRACT The rapid uplift of the Tibetan plateau, the intense movement of the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone (ARSZ), and the related climate change during the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision have been widely studied; however, their timings varied considerably due to different data and methods used. As these events have been documented in the Red River sediment that came from the eastern Tibetan plateau and the Red River region and eventually deposited in the offshore Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, here these events can be explored by calculating and analysing the Red River sediment budget, especially in the Qiongdongnan basin based on dense seismic profiles and wells. Results show that the Red River sediment mainly accumulated in the Yinggehai basin and the west part of the Qiongdongnan basin, and there are three sedimentary accumulation peaks in the Red River sediment budget during ~29.5–21, ~15.5–10.5, and ~5.5–0 Ma. By further comparing with previous studies on the timings of these events, it is inferred that the first sedimentary peak, prior to the onset of the monsoon intensification (~22 Ma), was probably driven by an intense left-lateral movement of the ARSZ in ~29.5–21 Ma. The second peak (~15.5–10.5 Ma), however, reflects a rapid uplift of the Tibetan plateau after the cessation of the left-lateral strike slip of the ARSZ. The third peak (~5.5–0 Ma) is most likely linked with a right-lateral movement of the ARSZ and the related climate change. Overall, the Red River sediment budget from the offshore Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins provides an important constraint on the timings of these tectonic events as well as the related climate change during the Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision. 相似文献
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Hao Fang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1998,9(1):3
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＹｉｎｇｇｅｈａｉａｎｄＱｉｏｎｇｄｏｎｇｎａｎｂａｓｉｎｓａｒｅｔｗｏｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｍａｊｏｒＴｅｒｔｉａｒｙｂａｓｉｎｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎ－ｔａｌｓｈｅｌｆｏｆｔｈｅＳｏ... 相似文献
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论沉积盆地分析领域的追踪与创新 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
层序地层学的产生为研究盆地充埙提供了较完整的理论与方法体系。层序地层分析与当代沉积体系分析、构造-地层分析和高分辨事件地层分析的密切结合将形成新的综合的成因地层分析系统。 相似文献