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1.
在调查重庆南川甑子岩-二垭岩段88处近水平层状大型危岩形成的地质环境背景基础上,分析了危岩发育特征、影响因素以及稳定情况,查明了危岩体结构与失稳模式的相关性,分坠落式、倾倒式、滑移式三种失稳模式进行稳定性分析。研究表明该危岩带是金佛山向斜核部经长期地质演化形成的近水平层状厚层灰岩陡崖,受降雨、岩溶、底部软弱层及大面积地下采空影响形成的,属特大型危岩带。其中,危岩带内的塔状岩体是西南缓倾层状灰岩山区典型的危岩类型,破坏机理复杂,易形成崩塌碎屑流。通过稳定性计算并综合考虑现场调查结果,认为带内危岩体在天然工况下整体稳定性较高,但暴雨工况和地震工况下稳定性骤降,尤其是危岩分布集中的甑子岩、和尚帽以及二垭岩区段,具有较高的成灾可能性,亟需开展监测预警工作。 相似文献
2.
东江口崩塌危岩带位于北京市房山区北部,地貌类型为中低山区,主要组成物质为强风化玄武岩,平面呈不规则带状,总体积约6300m^3。危岩带变形主要受裂隙及优势结构面发育的控制,为小型-滑移式崩塌。危岩带东侧受裂缝L1-L3切割制,形成体积为300m^3的危岩单体,失稳方向为60°;西侧主要受裂缝L4-L5以及优势结构面控制,失稳方向为307°。采用赤平投影与定量计算的方法评价危岩带稳定性,评价结果:在天然工况下,危岩体东侧及中、西侧均处于基本稳定状态;在降水等不利工况条件下,危岩带东侧处于不稳定状态,中、西侧处于欠稳定状态。影响东江口危岩带稳定性的主要因素为人类工程活动与降水。 相似文献
3.
大型高陡危岩崩塌初始失稳过程短暂,难以在现场进行及时观测并获取有效数据,为此引入离心模型试验。以重庆甑子岩陡崖高陡危岩崩塌为原型,对危岩崩塌启动机制展开研究,获取关键数据,定量化验证甑子岩危岩失稳的关键影响因素,探索危岩崩塌的离心模型试验方法。试验较好地完成了对岩质崩塌初始失稳过程的模拟,当危岩模型底部区域抗压强度为60 kPa时,失稳时刻离心加速度为73g;当抗压强度降至40 kPa时,失稳时刻离心加速度仅为18g;对照组试验证明高陡危岩底部区域强度对其整体稳定性起控制性作用。试验模型中上部岩体的失稳方式与原型具有一定差异,分析认为其原因除试验因素引入外力作用之外,主要是由于模型材料没有考虑原型的节理裂隙与抗拉强度所致,这表明高陡危岩崩塌模式除受底部岩体强度控制外,还与中上部岩体性状密切相关。研究结果可为高陡危岩压裂溃屈失稳机制提供试验依据与数据支撑,对崩塌灾害机理研究具有重要参考。 相似文献
4.
危岩应力强度因子的计算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
危岩崩塌是山区主要地质灾害之一,其主控结构面的断裂失稳是导致危岩崩塌的根本原因。运用线弹性断裂力学的理论,引入应力集中系数法,建立了自重作用下的危岩应力强度因子的计算公式,可用于主控结构面与裂缝共线的危岩稳定性计算。同时还推导了基于ABAQUS 的J积分、位移外推法计算危岩应力强度因子的过程。通过实例表明,2种数值计算方法与解析结果十分接近,验证了ABAQUS计算危岩应力强度因子的合理性,最后模拟了危岩裂缝角度以及临空面宽度变化对危岩应力强度因子的影响。利用ABAQUS对危岩进行分析,并绘制应力强度因子在各因素影响下的趋势图,可以推测危岩失稳的临界条件。 相似文献
5.
强震条件下碎裂岩体崩塌机理及崩塌后壁对堆积体稳定性影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
5 12 汶川地震的强震作用诱发产生了大量崩塌地质灾害,且多发生于碎裂结构岩体中。崩塌后斜坡后缘岩体及前缘堆积体的稳定性和后缘岩体对前缘堆积体稳定性的影响研究同样是震后灾害所面临的问题。以干河沟沟口斜坡为例,在分析该斜坡结构特征及崩塌机理的基础上,采用二维离散元软件UDEC模拟了斜坡在天然或强震条件下的稳定状态和可能失稳过程; 运用极限平衡法对陡壁岩体再次崩塌,产生新物质堆载在现有崩塌堆积体后缘前、后分别建立模型进行了稳定性分析。研究结果表明:碎裂岩体崩塌过程可分为应力重分布、潜在崩塌体形成和地震诱发崩塌3个阶段。崩塌堆积体在考虑后缘堆载作用之前,在天然或地震环境下均处于相对稳定状态,考虑堆载作用之后,其可能会在地震条件下失稳。离散元法和极限平衡法的组合使用,对于解决同类斜坡的同类问题切实可行。 相似文献
6.
单体危岩崩塌灾害风险评价方法——以四川省丹巴县危岩崩塌体为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综合分析国内外危岩崩塌风险评价方法的基础上,以丹巴县双拥路危岩崩塌体为例,提出了适用于单体危岩崩塌的风险评价方法。根据蒙特卡洛法的基本原理及方法编制了危岩崩塌体的稳定性可靠度分析程序,计算了不同工况下危岩失稳的概率。同时,考虑地面建筑物对落石的阻挡影响,利用专业软件模拟落石的运动轨迹,并根据研究区的地形地貌特点进一步确定了落石的影响范围。在野外调查和收集当地社会经济资料的基础上,开展了承灾体的易损性研究,对资产的易损性进行了评价。根据危岩失稳的概率及承灾体的易损性分析,进一步得到不同工况下落石影响区内承灾体的经济损失水平,对危岩崩塌灾害的风险进行了定量评价。风险评价的结果可为危岩崩塌灾害影响区的城镇建设和规划提供科学依据,从而有效地规避风险和减灾防灾。 相似文献
7.
以四川巴中通江县寨槽平推滑坡式崩塌为案例,通过分析平推滑坡式危岩崩塌的形成条件、诱因机制,得出防治措施。形态上,基岩陡壁上方发育一组平行坡面走向、宽度为1 m、两侧封闭的张拉裂缝。强降雨时,地表水的汇集流入裂缝,除了本身具有静水压力和动水压力以外,还有瞬时高水头在裂缝中的劈楔作用,促进了裂缝的发展。坡体上部的砂岩层也会沿着软弱夹层向外推挤,当挤移产生临空面时,就会导致崩塌发生,该模式是先平推推移、崩塌、再推移、再崩塌的模式。为了彻底消除该类型崩塌体的灾害隐患,在治理崩塌的前提下,还必须考虑减轻水对该坡体的影响,并应考虑防止裂缝的工程措施。 相似文献
8.
2017年8月28日贵州纳雍县张家湾镇普洒村崩塌特征与成因机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年8月28日10时30分许,贵州省纳雍县张家湾镇普洒村后山约49.1×104 m3的山体发生高位崩塌,高速运动的碎屑物质沿途铲刮坡面原有松散崩滑堆积物,最终形成体积约为82.3×104 m3的堆积体,摧毁坡脚的普洒村大树脚组和桥边组居民区,造成26人遇难,9人失踪。通过对灾害发生现场进行详细的地质调查,本文综合运用无人机航拍、地面合成孔径雷达监测等技术手段,对普洒村崩塌体特征进行了详细描述,初步阐述了崩塌发生的动力学过程和成因机理,并对周边受崩塌体失稳影响而产生的欠稳定区岩体特征的危险性进行了分析评价。初步研究结果认为,崩塌源区岩体在下部巷道采煤的影响下产生拉张裂缝,之后在长期重力作用下,山体开始变形、破碎,最终整体失稳破坏。崩塌体从小规模掉块开始到整体失稳破坏、远程运动,直至最终停积,整个过程用时约7分21秒,其中主崩塌体失稳用时约26 s,远程运动距离约788 m,是一处典型的高位崩塌-碎屑流。深入研究普洒村崩塌的形成过程和成灾机理,对我国西南山区存在的与普洒村崩塌体类似条件的灾害隐患点的减灾防灾工作,具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
鄂西清江流域滑坡崩塌致灾背景及成灾模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂西清江流域是我国滑坡崩塌地质灾害易发区。在该区域11个县市地质灾害详细调查成果基础上,运用归纳和类比等方法,对区内2 276个滑坡和567个崩塌(危岩)的要素数据进行统计分析;归纳总结了区域滑坡崩塌的基本发育特征和分布规律,并从构造作用、岩性组合、河流地貌演化、人类活动、降雨等几个方面,分析多种致灾背景对滑坡崩塌的不同影响和控制作用;继而根据主控因素归纳分析了区内滑坡具有的降雨型、箱形(紧窄)背斜型、宽缓向斜型和水库型等4类主要成灾模式,以及崩塌(危岩)具有的宽缓向斜型和岩溶石柱型两类主要成灾模式;指出了今后需要重点防控的三种类型滑坡崩塌风险。 相似文献
10.
地下开采作用下反倾上硬下软型斜坡崩塌形成机制研究以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例,通过对地质条件、采矿扰动与变形破坏特点的分析,阐明在地下开采作用下,反倾上硬下软型斜坡变形破坏的发展过程,并总结斜坡失稳破坏的3种模式,指出不同类型的破坏变形均以坡顶拉裂为前兆,而斜坡岩体结构特征是产生不同破坏模式的关键控制因素。进一步运用数值模拟与物理模拟方法,分析该类型崩塌的形成机理,认为反倾上硬下软型崩塌的形成具有特定的地质背景,动力条件与诱发因素,崩塌最终可能以急剧破坏的形式出现,但其发生并不是一蹴而就的,是经历了从发生、发展直至破坏的长期过程。从地下开采后采空区顶底板的变形,发展到地表裂缝的产生,崩塌的形成是地表裂缝沿着陡倾结构面追踪发展的过程,并受岩体结构特征的控制最终发生倾倒、突破锁固段剪出或沿中缓倾结构面滑塌。因此,对此类斜坡地质灾害的监测和防治必须把握前兆现象,加强早期识别与预警。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献