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南沙群岛海域理化参数垂向分布特征及跃层生态系的提法 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
自1985～1999年中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队在南沙群岛进行了12个航次的综合科学考察.根据调查的结果,通过分析南沙群岛海域理化参数垂向分布特征,得出次表层海水理化参数具有极值现象、跃变现象和波动现象的特点,讨论了这些独特特征反映的独特生境,提出了南沙群岛海域垂直方向上存在跃层生态系的观点. 相似文献
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2006年夏季珠江冲淡水驱动的上升流 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据珠江口及其附近海域2006年夏季（7-8月）航次水文调查资料,发现调查期间,除了西南季风驱动下的冲淡水东向扩散外,粤西珠江口外冲淡水主要呈西向扩散趋势,并且西向扩散的冲淡水下存在上升流。已有的模型研究中,西南季风下珠江口外没有出现上升流,说明西南季风不是珠江口外上升流产生的主导因素。观测的温盐分布、潜标流速时间序列与走航ADCP流态表明,上升流产生的原因是:（1）口门外冲淡水南向扩展驱动了垂向重力环流;（2）密度跃层以下东北向沿岸流的底边界层Ekman效应;（3）口门外冲淡水团之间的气旋型中尺度涡旋作用。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2005,24(6):I0001-I0005
第1期研究论文末次冰期以来西太平洋暖池变化的浮游有孔虫记录…………………涂霞,郑范,向荣,陈木宏,汤贤赞,颜文(1)南沙群岛海域沉积物稀土元素地球化学研究……………………………………………田正隆,戴英,龙爱民,陈绍勇(8)珠江口不同沉积有机质的来源及相对含量………………………………………胡建芳,彭平安,麦碧娴,张干,殷克东(15)珠江口柱状沉积物中磷的分布特征及其环境意义…………………………………………………………岳维忠,黄小平(21)夏季季风转换期间南沙群岛海域的温盐分布特征………………………………………毛庆文,王卫强,齐… 相似文献
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南沙群岛海域次表层溶解氧垂直分布最大值的强度特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了“八五”、“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对南沙群岛海域次表层存在的溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象提出了定量表征其强度的方法,并依此法对溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度的特征、季节变化、区域分布等进行了分析。结果表明,南沙群岛海域海水中的溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度在不同的海区、不同的季节表现不同。南沙群岛海区四季均有明显的溶解氧最大值现象出现,就平均值而言,春、夏、冬季次表层溶解氧垂直分布最大值现象较为明显,秋季相对较弱;春季溶解氧垂直分布最大值强度的高值出现在西南部海区和北部的珊瑚礁区,与季风过渡期海水溶解氧主要受生物作用相对应;冬、夏季较高的溶解氧垂直分布最大强度值分别出现在西北部和西部,对应于季风盛行时期的南沙西部沿岸流;夏季出现在东部和南部的低值区又与南沙群岛海区西南季风时期出现的南沙逆流相对应。定量表征的结果与该海区调查研究的分析结果相符合,同时又较好地反映了该海域在季风作用下的物理和生物过程。 相似文献
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东海西部沿岸海域冬季的逆温跃层现象及其与环流的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文引用《渤海、黄海、东海海洋图集──水文》分册（１９９２）中有关逆温跃层分布变化的图幅以及温盐历史资料,指出东海西部沿岸（２２～３２°Ｎ）冬季出现逆温跃层的区域北起长江口,南到南澳岛以南几乎相联成片的现象,论述了这一分布与中国东南近海冬季潜伏于深底层的暖流水的区域相吻合,从而从水文结构上证实了冬季在深底层粤东沿岸的南海暖流北上通过台湾海峡西部与闽浙沿岸的台湾暖流相接这一环流特征。 相似文献
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根据珠江口外沿岸海域2006年夏季(7-8月)及冬季(2006年12月-2007年1月)航次的CTD调查资料,分析了调查海域夏季与冬季的温度、盐度分布,温度、盐度、密度跃层特征及其与上升流、中尺度涡旋和海流的关系.结果表明:1)夏季调查海域冲淡水扩展、上升流、中尺度涡等现象在温度、盐度分布中都有很明显的表征,并对跃层分布有显著的影响,形成了复杂的跃层类型;在冲淡水扩展的影响下,还形成了双跃层与障碍层现象.2)冬季海水混合剧烈,沿岸浅水区域跃层现象不明显,在陆坡深水区存在跃层现象. 相似文献
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中国海温度跃层分布特征概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在收集南海以及台湾周边海域1900～2004年共105a的海洋调查资料,按0.5°×0.5°网格进行计算统计分析温度跃层的基础上,参考总参气象水文中心和国家海洋信息中心研制开发的中国海海洋水文分析应用系统,以及相关海洋水文图集,阐明了整个中国海温度跃层的海区和季节特点及其变化规律。中国海地理、气象和水文条件具有明显的多样性,致使温度跃层类型多,区域分布差异悬殊、变化复杂。温度跃层对海洋科学、舰艇航行及国防建设等都有重要的学术意义和实际应用意义。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献